ISSN 2756-3340
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation of proteolytic, lipolytic, and bioemulsifying bacteria for improvement of the aerobic treatment of poultry processing wastewater
Rattana Tarntip1* and Thungkao Sirichom2
1Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
Accepted 15 January, 2018
Abstract
Proteolysis, lipolysis, as well as, emulsification play important roles for the biological treatment of poultry processing wastewater. Three isolates identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as belonging to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Lysinibacillus fusiformis, were then selected. The three combined strains provided a 71.2 ± 0.20% reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and produced a high biosurfactant 1250 ± 10 mg/L. Moreover, all three bacteria were able to form good biofilm. The combined bacteria strains performed well in terms of COD reduction, protease, and lipase and biosurfactant production at an initial pH of 7.0 and over a wide range (1000 to 5000 mg/L) of organic loads.
Key words: Proteolytic, lipolytic, poultry, wastewater, treatment, biosurfactant.
Thungkao Sirichom, Rattana Tarntip*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Detection of Clostridium tetani by fluorescent amplification based specific hybridization
Mohammad Saadatmandzadeh1, Hossein Eshghi1*, Mohammad Rahimizadeh1, Mojtaba Sankian2 and Saeid Amel Jamehdar3
1Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, Iran.
2Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3Microbiology and Virology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Department of bacteriology and Virology, Ghaem University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Accepted 20 October, 2017
Abstract
The etiologic agent of tetanus, Clostridium tetani, is an obligate anaerobic and spore-forming bacillus; and remains an important public health problem in developing countries. Although, the diagnosis is based mainly on history and presentation of tetanus symptoms. Some recent reports indicate that a patient may not manifest any symptoms of localized or generalized tetanus. However, one of the new approaches for accurate and rapid detection of microbial pathogens is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by fluorescence detection. In this report, we have described a fluorescent amplification based specific hybridization (FLASH) based PCR assay for detection of C. tetani. The results of the present study indicated that the FLASH based PCR assay appear to be a suitable and rapid method for identification of cultured isolates of C. tetani.
Key words: Clostridium tetani, molecular diagnosis, fluorescent amplification based specific hybridization (FLASH) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescent probe.
Mojtaba Sankian and Saeid Amel Jamehdar, Hossein Eshghi*, Mohammad Saadatmandzadeh, Mohammad Rahimizadeh
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation and analysis of the related knowledge, attitude and behavior on AIDS of the FSWs in Jiangsu Province, China
Wenzhe Ma1, Yang Wen1, Minghui Zhang2, Xiping Huan3, Haitao Yang3, Zhihang Peng1*, Rongbin Yu1, Lu Wang4, Ning Wang4, Hongbing Shen1, and Feng Chen1
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
2Zhenjiang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, 212004, China.
3Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China.
4National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
Accepted 29 August, 2017
Abstract
To understand the status of related knowledge, attitude, the practical situation of behavior on AIDS of the female sex workers (FSWs) in the places of entertainment in Jiangsu Province in order to provide a more effective scientific evidence for prevention and control the prevalence of AIDS. The 867 entertainment FSWs in three cities in Jiangsu province were interviewed by the trained interviewers using the anonymous questionnaire designed by our group. The proportion knowing the three HIV transmission routes was 56.5%, the rate of condom use during the latest sexual intercourse with their regular sexual partners and customers was 57 and 77.7% respectively, there was significant difference between this two kinds of people (c2=73.125, P =0.000) while different age groups was not significantly different (c2=2.753, P=0.431). Results of a logistic regression analysis indicated that age, household location, whether they have regular sexual partners or not and the awareness of AIDS prevention measures were associated with condom use during the latest sexual intercourse. Knowledge with regard to STD/AIDS mostly come from television (69.9%), followed by friends (45.5%). When the interviewees were suspicious of developing STD/AIDS, 85.9% of them choose to seek medical treatment from public hospitals. Entertainment FSWs have a certain understanding of AIDS-related knowledge, but not comprehensive. The customers did not realize that the use of condom can prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. Raising the awareness of preventive measures is an important factor to increase the use of condom. FSWs do not use condoms with their regular partners, this will lead to the further spread of AIDS and accelerate the speed of prevalence. Further efforts should be made according to the characteristics of this group to strengthen their health education and behavioral intervention. In practice, trying to work more flexible and using a more comprehensive strategy to intervene in their behavior to control the spread and the prevalence of AIDS.
Key words: AIDS, female sex workers, knowledge, attitude, behavior.
Minghui Zhang, Zhihang Peng*, Ning Wang, Rongbin Yu, Haitao Yang, Hongbing Shen and Feng Chen, Yang Wen, Wenzhe Ma, Xiping Huan, Lu Wang
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Synergistic antibacterial effects of nano zinc oxide combined with silver nanocrystales
Alireza Jafari1, Masood Ghane2* and Shahrdad Arastoo3
1Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Department of Microbiology, Ardabil, Iran.
2Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
Accepted 23 August, 2017
Abstract
Antibacterial nanocrystals have attracted great interests in recent years. In fact, with the emergence and increase of microbial organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics, many researchers have tried to develop new antibiotics. The aim of this research is to compare antibacterial activity of mono-metallic with composite nanocrystals, against Escherichia coli, Salmonella galinarium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pesudomonas aueroginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, with and without sonication, for the first time. Mono-metallic with composite nanocrystals, are synthesized via wet method and ensure with oxalate decomposition in high temperature (500°C). FT-IR, XRD, SEM were used for determination of spectroscopic, structural and morphology of samples, respectively. Also the nanoparticls were digested and analyzed by ICP-AES for determining the presence of residual chemical element in the nanoparticls, after sonication. Bacterial sensitivity to nanocrystals, with and without sonication, were commonly tested using disc diffusion test and agar dilution test, also with determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The particles size was less of 100 nm, approximately. This study shows that synthesise of mono-metallic and composite nanocrystals, with oxalate decomposition method is simple and so useful. Although, we confirmed that utilized of the ultrasonic vibration were futile, entirely. Also, the Ag/ZnO nanocrystals have great antimicrobial agent against all of the strains and just combination of zinc oxide and silver nanocrystals, give increase their bactericidal effect.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, Ag/ZnO, nanocomposite, synergistic antibacterial activities.
Masood Ghane* and Shahrdad Arastoo, Alireza Jafari
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis on 72 cases of adverse reactions of Chinese medicine injection
Zhongjun Zhang1, Guanglei Wang2 and Gongjian Liu2*
1Department of anesthesiology, No.3 people’s hospital of Wuxi city. 214000, PR china.
2Department of anesthesiology, Affiliated hospital of Xuzhou medical college, 221002, PR china.
Accepted 22 November, 2017
Abstract
To provide doctors and patients with the guidelines for reasonable use of Chinese medicine injection through the analysis on the adverse reactions of Chinese medicine injection in use. Statistics and analysis are made on the raw data of 72 patients that is age, allergic history, ADR manifestations and prognosis. It is found that the adverse reactions of Chinese medicine involve organs and systems. They are proportional to age, older patient’s internal systems are more sensitive to drugs, coupled with the degradation of immune function, allergic reactions are very easy to occur. Meanwhile, there are many clinical adverse reactions, mostly manifested as rash and pruritus. When using Chinese medicine injections, doctors, patients, manufacturers and even regulatory authorities should take the responsibilities, safely and strictly use or produce them according to the provisions, and establish and perfect the corresponding management system to minimize the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Key words: Chinese medicine injection and adverse reactions.
Guanglei Wang and Gongjian Liu*, Zhongjun Zhang
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 4 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The frequency of slime, adhesin and methicillin resistance genes among staphylococci isolated from nasal samples of multiple sclerosis patients
Ismet M. Melek1, Nizami Duran2*, Gülay G. Duran3, Taşkın Duman1 and Esra Okuyucu1
1Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
2Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
3Department of Health College, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
Accepted 22 August, 2017
Abstract
It was aimed to determine the carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus and the occurrence of methicillin resistance, slime and adhesin genes in staphylococcal strains isolated from the nasal cavities of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The presence of mecA and femA, and the genes implicated in adhesion were determined by multiplex PCR in all strains. The femA gene was detected in 46.6% of 105 MS patients. While 18.1% of isolates carried the mecA gene, 81.9% of isolates were negative for the mecA gene. The presence of icaA/icaD genes was determined in a total of 84.8% of all strains. While 85.7% of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were positive in terms of slime genes, this ratio was determined as 81.6% among the Staphylococcus aureus strains. The occurrence of clfA gene was determined in 29 of 49 (59.2%) S. aureus isolates. Also, 45 out of 49 (91.8%) S. aureus was found to carry the fnbA gene. The carriage rate of the cna gene was determined in 40 (81.6%) isolates among the 49 S. aureus strains. The rate of methicillin resistance gene, slime production and the frequency of adhesin genes in MS patients were also significantly higher than the healthy control population. Determination of the nasal S. aureus carriers and the virulence of these strains will be important for prediction of the MS prognosis in these patients. And treating these S.aureus carriers will be very useful in preventing MS relapses.
Key words: Multiple sclerosis, Staphylococcus aureus, nasal carriage, methicillin resistance, adhesins, slime.
Gülay G. Duran, Taşkın Duman and Esra Okuyucu, Nizami Duran*, Ismet M. Melek
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