African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiological pattern, clinical profile and incidence of hepatorenal and haematological complications in proven cases of Dengue fever

Lata D. Narayan*, R. J. Kurien and Chandra Gandhi Nehru

Infectious Disease Study Group, MLB Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 20 October, 2016

Abstract

Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. Besides bleeding, cases of hepatic and renal dysfunction in dengue fever are increasing in incidence. In management of hemorrhagic complications, fresh whole blood is far superior to platelet transfusion and fresh frozen plasma. This work is aimed at studying the incidence of hepatorenal and haematological complications and the management of symptomatic bleed with fresh whole blood in dengue fever. A prospective design was carried out with 62 Dengue positive patients either admitted in wards or attending Medicine Out Patient Department of MLB Medical College Jhansi were recruited in this study between 1^stJanuary 2010 and 31^st December 2010. Patients were assessed for hepatorenal and haematological complications as well as management of symptomatic bleed were also studied. Incidence of jaundice in dengue fever was 15% of which one third cases were of direct hyperbilirubinemia and two third those of indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was raised in 68% patients while serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) was high in 71% patients. Incidence of renal failure in dengue fever was 16% (as per glomerular filtration rate (GRF) levels calculated by modified diet in renal disease formula). The leucopenia was seen in 31% and leucocytosis in 17%. Although the incidence of thrombocytopenia was observed in 92% while bleeding was seen in 32% cases only. All the cases were managed with fresh whole blood transfusion and 100% successful outcome. Incidences of hepatic and renal complications were present in 85 and 39% cases, respectively. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 32% cases, which do not correspond always to platelet counts and respond to fresh whole blood transfusion excellently. 

Key words: Dengue fever, hepatorenal dysfunction, haematological complications, thrombocytopenia, whole blood transfusion.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 096-109, October, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Effects of DTP on infection with intracellular pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae following booster vaccination

Lemvik Østergaard^1,2*, Stabell C. Nielsen^1,2, Ernesto Jens Peter¹, Agergaard Christine Lars ³ and Helleberg A. Benn^1,2

¹Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, 1004 Bissau Codex, Guinea-Bissau.

²Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N,Denmark.

³Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 24 September, 2016

Abstract

Increased mortality and morbidity with intracellular pathogens has been reported in females with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) as their most recent vaccination. Within a randomised trial, we investigated the effect of DTP on Chlamydia pneumoniae serology. Eighteen-month-old children were randomised to DTP booster and oral polio vaccine (OPV) or OPV only. Blood samples collected from 523 children at baseline and six months later were analysed for C. pneumoniae antibodies. The C. pneumoniae IgG seroprevalence was high, with 12% positive at 18 months of age. Loss of IgG positivity was common during follow-up (25/65 (38%)), and was associated with lower weight-for-age. DTP did not affect the incidence of IgG seroconversion or IgM positivity. Among normal-weight children, DTP vaccination was associated with an increase in C. pneumoniae infection for females, whereas the trend was the opposite among males (p=0.05, test of interaction between sex and DTP). Among DTP-vaccinated children, the male-female risk ratio was 2.23 (95% CI=0.88-5.66) for IgG seroconversion and 0.0 (95% CI=0.0- 0.77) for IgM positivity. The overall C. pneumoniae seroprevalence in young children was high even though loss of IgG positivity was common. We found sex differences in IgG seroconversion and in IgM positivity among DTP-vaccinated children.

Key words: Chlamydia pneumoniae, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, serology, child, low-income countries, prevalence, non-specific effects, vaccinations.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 090-095, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Analysis of malaria prevalence in Arsi Negelle health center, Southern Ethiopia

Meseret F. Wolde*, Miruts Yofter Berhanu and Liya Ephraim Bikila

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia.

E-mail: [email protected] 

Accepted 10 July, 2016

Abstract

Malaria is an issue in Ethiopia of which there is still no “Magic bullet”, no quick or easy solution, apart from extensive progress in its control over the past years. Analysis of documents on malaria data from health care system is essentially important to assess achievement or failure of malaria control programmes. The aim of this study was to investigate the five year trend of malaria prevalence in the southern Ethiopia. A retrospective record review was conducted in southern Ethiopia. All malaria cases reported from January, 2009 to December, 2013 were carefully reviewed and analyzed. Information about laboratory results and Socio demographic futures were collected from patient’s registration book. A total of 22,025 malaria suspected patients gave blood films for malaria diagnosis in the past five years at Arsi Negelle health center. 2521 (11.45%) microscopically confirmed malaria cases were reported with a fluctuating trend. Among the identified plasmodium species, Plasmodium vivax accounted 74%, Plasmodium flciparum was 19.8% and mixed infection was 6.2%. Children in the age range 0 to 5 years were the most affected by the disease (22.8%), followed by 16 to 20 age groups (17.8%), which necessitate suitable consideration in the effort of malaria control. Despite the apparent fluctuation of malaria trends in the area, the highest peak of malaria cases was reported during spring seasons. In conclusion, children under five years, who were more affected by the disease, imply presumed exposure, therefore attention should be given to children under five years of age. The rate of malaria was moderate even though it is not as satisfactory as to malaria control strategy of the country. This might be due to the likely P. vivax drug resistance to chloroquine. In support of this, health planners need further strong malaria control and assessment of drug resistance.

Key words: Southern Ethiopia, health service, malaria trend, malaria prevalence.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 4729-6836 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 084-089, August, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Levels of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with severe chronic periodontitis 

Carlos Garcia Huerto¹, Juana Jose Toro²* and Guillermo La Salma²

¹Facultad de Odontología, Periodontics and Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

²Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 21 June, 2016

Abstract

Humoral immune response is an important host mechanism against periodontopathogenic microorganisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis is the most frequent causative agent of chronic periodontitis in Mexico, but its detection presents difficulties. The aim of this study was to identify antibodies against semi-purified culture-secreted proteins of P. gingivalis in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis. Semi-purified culture-secreted proteins of P. gingivalis were immobilized in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) plaque to detect IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients. IgG antibody against proteins from P. gingivalis was detected in 65% of the samples of patients, 27% of patients had IgA antibodies, while IgM was detected in 45% of patients. IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were detected in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid mainly in patients with severe chronic periodontitis, confirming that P. gingivalis could be the causative agent of the infection.

Key words: Antibodies, gingival crevicular fluid, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and saliva.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 2 (3), pp. 080-083, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of HBs Antigen carriage in a population of recruits of the National Gendarmerie of Ivory Coast in 2010

Kra O¹, N’Dri N³, Koné D¹, Kadiané NJ¹, Aba YT¹, Ouattara B³, Bissagnéné E²

¹Department of Public Health and Infectiology, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Ivory Coast.

²Department of Infectious diseases, Cocody University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. 

³Department of internal medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Ivory Coast.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 9 December, 2014

Abstract 

Antigen HBs carriage is a major Health problem due to such severe complications as cirrhosis and liver cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Antigen HBs carriage within the recruits of the Ivorian Gendarmerie. It was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from April 7, to September 12, 2010 at the Military Hospital of Abidjan. We included 891 male recruits whose mean age was 22.5 years [18- 26 years]. The prevalence of AgHBs carriage in this population of recruits was 15.6%. The prevalence of AgHBs carriage was higher in recruits aged 18 (24%), in married ones (33.3%), in those who had more than three sexual partners during the last 6 months preceding the survey (19.4%). This prevalence of AgHBs carriage was also high in recruits who had never used condom (20.6%) and those who had received blood transfusion (27%).The prevalence of HBs Ag carriage was high in the recruits of the Ivorian gendarmerie in 2010 notably in younger ones, those who had received blood transfusion and those with risky sexual behaviors. 

Key words: HBs Antigen, Ivory Coast, gendarmerie, prevalence, recruits. 

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 2 (3), pp. 073-079, March, 2015.  © International Scholars Journals

Review

Emphasis on imperativeness of genomics related research in the areas of infectious diseases

*Isingoma Rukudi and Jonam Alur

Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Buganda.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 03 February, 2015

Abstract 

Sequencing of the human and other species genomes has generated a downstream of sciences that have taken advantage of this knowledge to generate vital links between diseases and genetic variants. Sub-Saharan Africa and many developing countries form the major epicenters for Infectious diseases. Here, the role that genomics may hold in the area of infectious diseases research is emphasized in five blocks: phenotype evaluation studies, evolutionary trends’ studies across microbial and host genomes, idiopathic association or host susceptibility studies to disease, therapeutics or vaccine research insights, as well as the development of novel molecular diagnostics.

Key words: Genomics, infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis.