African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relative prevalence of the human hookworm species, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in an urban community in Ogun State, Nigeria

AA Adenusi^1* and EOA Ogunyomi^2†

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.

²Primary Health Care Department, Sagamu Local Government Secretariat, Ogun State. Nigeria.

Accepted 17 August, 2021

Abstract

In order to estimate the proportion of hookworm infections represented by Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, the 2 major species of human hookworms in Nigeria, stool samples from 1253 hookworm-positive schoolchildren were cultured to the third-stage (L3), filariform larvae, using the Harada-Mori test-tube method. N. americanus larvae were recovered from a total of 1177 (93.9%) coprocultures while A. duodenale larvae were recovered from a total of 274 (21.9%) stool cultures. 58.2% of the hookworm infections were due solely to N. americanus, 6.1% solely to A.  duodenale and 25.8% were mixed infections with both species. In all mixed infections, much higher number of N. americanus larvae were recorded compared with those of A. duodenale.

Key words: Hookworm species, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, filariform larvae.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-002, June, 2021.    © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Glycyrrhizin therapy for viral infections

Kei Numazaki

Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8543, Japan. Tel: (011) 611-2111 EXT.3413, Fax: (011) 611-0352, E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 26 May, 2021

Abstract

Glycyrrhizin (GL) was reported as the most active in inhibiting replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus. Therapeutic effect of GL for liver dysfunction associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent individuals was evaluated. Liver dysfunction in 4 cases improved and CMV disappeared from urinary samples after administration of GL intravenously by the age of 12 months. GL treatment also should be applied for the patients with SARS.

Key words: Glycyrrhizin, SARS, cytomegalovirus.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic fingerprinting and phylogenetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Nigeria

Onasanya A.^1,2*, Mignouna H.D^2,α and Thottappilly G.^2,٨

¹Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria.

²International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 23 April, 2021

Abstract

Genetic fingerprinting of 18 different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Nigeria using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was carried out. Ten out of 100 Operon primers showed polymorphism among the isolates tested generating 88 bands, 51 of which were polymorphic with sizes ranging between 200 and 3,000 bp. All the isolates were classified completely into two major groups (Sa-1 and Sa-2) with twelve different subgroups. Sa-1 group originated from human while isolates from plant and animal origins formed the Sa-2 group. The twelve different subgroups suggest adaptation of S. aureus in the different host cells. This indicates possible relationship between host origin and genetic variation among S. aureus isolates. The DNA fingerprint defined for each race of S. aureus could be useful in epidemiological studies, medical diagnosis and the identification of new strains and their origins.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, foodborne-acquired infections, genetic fingerprinting; phylogenetic diversity, RAPD, polymorphism.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2021.    © International Scholars Journals

The diagnosis of trypanosome infections: applications of novel technology for reducing disease risk

Picozzi, K.¹, Tilley, A.¹, Fèvre, E.M.¹, Coleman, P.G.¹, Magona, J.W.², Odiit, M.², Eisler, M.C³ and Welburn S.C.^1*

¹Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK ²Livestock Health Research Institute, PO Box 96, Tororo, Uganda ³University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, Scotland

Accepted 12 January, 2021

Abstract

Reliable DNA based methodologies to determine prevalence of trypanosome species in domestic livestock have been available for over 10 years. Despite this, they are rarely used to generate baseline data for control operations for these diseases in the field. Rather, such operations tend to rely on data which can be generated using low technology methods such as direct observation of parasites by light microscopy. Here we show the pitfalls of relying on such low tech methodology which, although simple in its application, can provide inaccurate and inadequate data on which to base control methodologies. Our analysis of 61 cattle selected for trypanosome carrier status by either microscopy, low PCV or poor condition score, showed that 90% were infected with trypanosomes while 84% of the total were infected with T. brucei. Diagnosis by PCR on buffy coat preparations on Whatman^® FTA^® matrices was the most sensitive methodology relative to the gold standard, whereas microscopy was the least sensitive.

Keywords: sleeping sickness, human African trypanosomiasis, epidemiology, chemotherapy, PCR.

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-002, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

General Measures of Telemedicine in the Outpatient Department, a Response to the Global Crisis

Sabrina Rahman¹, Md. Moshiur Rahman², A.S.M. Sarwar³, KhandakerSabit Bin Razzak⁴, Md. Evangel Islam Anik¹, Anika Bushra⁵, Mohammad Nabil Hossain⁶

Accepted 30 September, 2020

¹Researcher, Top bright Research Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

²Assistant Professor, Neurosurgery Department, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

³CEO and Chief Researcher,Top bright Research Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

⁴Department of Public Health, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

⁵Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

⁶College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ca²⁺ and reactive oxygen species are involved in the defense responses of rice callus culture to rice blast disease

Kuta D.D.* and Gaivaronskaya L.M.

Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant physiology and Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, People Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Accepted 16 August, 2020

Abstract

The role of Ca²⁺ and reactive oxygen species in the defense responses of callus cultures of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Zenith) to infection with avirulent strain of rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea, strain Ina168) was investigated. It was observed that rice calli, especially after mild blast infection, exude substances (diffusate) that inhibit spore germination of the avirulent blast fungus. This fungitoxic calli diffusate led to superoxide dismutase-sensitive reduction of Nitro-blue-tetrazolium. Treatment of rice calli with crude elicitor from the blast fungus also led to hypersensitive necrotic response. Addition of antioxidant reagents diminishes the necrotic response of calli to the elictor treatment, implicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the hypersensitive necrotic response. When ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (Ca²⁺ chelator) or LaCl₃ (Ca ²⁺channel blocker) was added, the necrotic response of calli to elicitor treatment was also significantly weakened, implying the involvement of Ca²⁺ in the defense response.

Key words: Oryza sativa, Magnaporthe grisea, hypersensitive response, reactive oxygen species, calcium.