ISSN 2756-3340
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Persistence of Rhizobium inoculants originating from Leucaena leucocephala fallowed plots in Southwest Nigeria
O.A. Ojo1* and O.E. Fagade2
1Department of Botany/Microbiology, Lagos State University, P M B 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Botany/Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted: 21 April, 2020
Abstract
Ten core soil samples were collected from experimental plots at IITA, SW Nigeria that were previously inoculated with Rhizobium strains (IRC1045 and IRC 1050) specific for Leucaena leucocephala at two depths; 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm. The control soil samples were collected at similar depths from an adjacent field with no previous history of legume cultivation. Six weeks after planting of L. leucocephala in the soil samples in the greenhouse shoots, roots and nodules were harvested aseptically. Typing of the nodules as well as the identification of the persisting population of the introduced strains were based on the intrinsic resistance of IRC 1045 and IRC 1050 to streptomycin at 500 g/ml and nodules were found to be made up of 100% of previously introduced strains. The potency and competitive ability of the recovered IRC 1045 and IRC 1050 were thus confirmed via the pot experiment and plant reinfection experiment in the greenhouse. At 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths 8.0 x 104 and 9.0 x 104 rhizobia/g of soil were recovered respectively in spite of the 10- year fallow period. Biomass production with the three woody legumes revealed Root and Shoot dry weights of the following order of magnitude Senna siamea > L. leucocephala > Senna spectabilis. This report showed the great potential of application of Rhizobium technology in low input sustainable agricultural practice and environmental pollution abatement for non-use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers.
Key words: Agriculture, Leucaena leucocephala, nodulation, persistence, Rhizobium.
O.E. Fagade, O.A. Ojo*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Swarming modulatory effects of some amino acids on Proteus strains from Lagos, Nigeria
Bamidele A. Iwalokun* and Babatunde O. Akinwumi
Biochemistry Department, Lagos State University. P.M.B. 1087. Apapa – Lagos, Nigeria
Accepted 19 April 2020
Abstract
Swarming motility, a multicellular behaviour characterized by periodic concentric growth on solid media has severally been reported as a constraint in the clinical investigation of mixed-culture infections involving Proteus and as a requirement for virulence. While media are being formulated to restrain swarming in this organism, the roles played by amino acids in the biogenesis of swarming have not been fully clarified. The effects of 20 amino acids on swarming, extracellular protease activity, cellular RNA level and total protein concentration in 20 clinical Proteus strains from Lagos, Nigeria were investigated. At 0.5mM concentration, glutamine, serine, and methionine were the only amino acids found to enhance swarming motility on M9 minimal medium (7.1–11.3 mm), cause significant increases in protease activity (33.7–48.3 units/ml), total protein concentration (22.5–28.6 mg/ml) and cellular RNA concentration (192.8–264.7 g/ml) when compared to values obtained for other 17 amino acids (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the amino acid induced swarming in these strains was found to vary directly and significantly (P < 0.05) with protease activity and cellular RNA concentration. The exclusion of methionine, serine and glutamine when supplementing antiswarming media for clinical investigation of Proteus - associated polymicrobial infections in Nigeria is suggested.
Key words: Proteus strains, swarming motility, amino acids, Lagos.
Babatunde O. Akinwumi, Bamidele A. Iwalokun*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia
Abdelkodose M. Al-Kabsi*, Mohd Yasim Bin Md Yusof and Shamala Devi Sekaran
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Accepted 17 April, 2020
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. The start of antimicrobial therapy is often empirical and selective pressure on panel of antibiotics; therefore, it is important to know the susceptibility pattern of pathogens in order to select the most appropriate antibiotic. The aim of the current study is to update the rational empirical antimicrobial therapy recommendations. Antimicrobial resistance was done using the E-test method. Urine and wound swab samples were the highest encountered isolates; results were interpreted according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. A total of 88 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected randomly from April 2009 to March 2010 from the University of Malaya Medical Center. P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples has lost susceptibility and showed increasing resistance to Gentamicin with 94.3%, followed by (ciprofloxacin) 92%, (ceftazidime) 89.8%, (imipenem) 73.9%, Pipracilline/tazobactam 61.4%, (aztreonam) 52.3%, and (amikacin) 50% and only susceptible to colistin with 92%. In conclusion, most of the isolates showed high levels of resistance to examined antibiotics except colistin and this may indicate the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing and optimal treatment by combination of drugs.
Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antimicrobial resistance, nosocomial infections, Malaysia.
Mohd Yasim Bin Md Yusof and Shamala Devi Sekaran, Abdelkodose M. Al-Kabsi*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The chloride ion been responsible for filament formation and inhibitory effect on cell division in Zymomonas mobilis 232B growth
Xinhui Wang1,2,3, Yanling Jin1,3*, Yang Fang1,3, Yuhong Huang1,2,3, Guohua Zhang1,3, Xiaofeng Gao1,2,3 and Hai Zhao1,3
1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
3Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
Accepted 07 April, 2020
Abstract
To elucidate respective effects of sodium and chloride ion on filament formation in Zymomonas mobilis232B culture induced by NaCl, the morphological changes of cell grown in medium containing 0.2 M (NH4)2SO4, Na+(as Na2SO4) and Cl-(as NH4Cl) were observed using a scanning electronic nicroscope (SEM). The occurrence of filament formation began as early as 4 h after exposuring to NaCl and Cl- and the length was approximate 10 to 15 μm after exposuring for 20 h, which was 3 to 5 fold longer compared to normal cell, while Na+ and (NH4)2SO4 treated cells kept normal morphology, indicating that filament formation in NaCl-inhibited Z. mobilis cultures is attributable to chloride ion. In the presence of 0.2 M chloride ion, increase in cell number stop almost immediately, whereas cells continued to elongate slowly, suggesting that chloride ion has a direct inhibitory effect on cell division.
Key words: Zymomonas mobilis, chloride ion, filament formation, cell division.
Guohua Zhang, Yanling Jin*, Yuhong Huang, Xinhui Wang, Xiaofeng Gao and Hai Zhao, Yang Fang
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-010, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of calcium chloride on anthracnose disease and postharvest quality of red-flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Yahya Awang1*, Muhd Azlan Abdul Ghani2, Kamaruzaman Sijam1 and Rosli B. Mohamad1
1Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 15 January, 2020
Abstract
The study was conducted to examine the effects of CaCl2 postharvest treatment on development of anthracnose, measured as lesion size and quality of red-flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Fully matured fruits were treated with varying concentrations of Ca by soaking the fruits for 30 min in solutions containing 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 CaCl2 gL-1. After drying, the fruits were inoculated with spore suspensions of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (106 spores L-1). Calcium chloride applied at varying concentrations did not produce significant effect on anthracnose incidence, but the size of lesion was linearly reduced with increasing Ca concentration. Calcium chloride application as postharvest treatment markedly elevated fruit Ca content especially in the fruit peel, but without influencing the N, P, K and Mg contents. Fruit firmness increased with Ca application while pH, soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity were not affected by the treatment. The effect of anthracnose on firmness, pH, SSC and TA of the fruits were reduced with CaCl2 treatments.
Key words: Pitaya, postharvest quality, postharvest disease, fruit firmness, mineral nutrients.
Muhd Azlan Abdul Ghani, Kamaruzaman Sijam and Rosli B. Mohamad, Yahya Awang*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research ISSN 2756-3340 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study of the effect of bacterial and chemical volatiles on the growth of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans
Sulamain Ali Alharbi2*, Naif Abdullah Al-Harbi1,2, Salah Hajomer3, Milton Wainwright2,3 and Basam O. AlJohny4
1Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
3Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
4Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 21 October, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study was firstly to determine if volatiles produced by a range of bacteria influences the growth of the fungus Aureobasdium pullulans and secondly, to determine if this fungus can use organic volatiles hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. The results show that a) bacteria produce volatiles which influence the growth of the fungus A. pullulans, b) that the response to such volatiles can be inhibitory or stimulatory and that these effects are seen when the fungus is grown under both nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions, and c) that A. pullulans can grow oligotrophically in saturated atmospheres of acetone, benzene and ammonium hydroxide, these volatiles being used as nutrient sources.
Key words: Fungi, bacteria, volatiles, bacterial volatiles, chemical volatiles.
Milton Wainwright and Basam O. AlJohny, Salah Hajomer, Naif Abdullah Al-Harbi, Sulamain Ali Alharbi*
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