ISSN 2756-3340
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 2 (2), pp. 065-068, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Incidence and clinical effects of Dynamic cytomegalovirus infectious disease in autologous stem cell organism transplant beneficiaries
*Cheng Ziao and Yeng Chan
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 09 January, 2015
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has become a major medical concern. However, few studies have reported active CMV infection before the transplantation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence, clinical impact, risk factors, and outcome of CMV pp65 antigenemia in 44 consecutive patients who underwent ASCT between January 2005 and June 2011. CMV pp65 antigenemia assay was performed weekly, from 7 days before stem cell infusion until the patient was discharged. All patients were CMV seropositive before ASCT. Pre-transplantation antigenemia was detected in 19 patients (43.2%) and post-transplantation antigenemia in 17 patients (38.6%). Multivariate analysis could not identify any pre-transplantation risk factors for CMV antigenemia. When patients with and without pre-transplantation antigenemia were compared, we found that pre-transplantation active CMV infection had significant effects on post-transplantation platelet and neutrophil recovery, although the time of hospitalization and amount of blood transfusion were similar in both groups. CMV antigenemia was asymptomatic in all cases, and cleared spontaneously in 86.7% of patients who did not receive antiviral treatment. In conclusion, CMV reactivation before ASCT might occur frequently and even an asymptomatic infection could significantly delay engraftment. Therefore, ASCT candidates should be routinely evaluated for active CMV infection.
Key words: Cytomegalovirus, autologous stem cell transplant, CMV pp65 antigenemia, infection.
Yeng Chan, *Cheng Ziao
Page: 65 - 68
Research Article
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation and pathogenicity of IgM against Toxoplasma gondii in unmarriage women
*Moshen Akbar and Ruhollah M. M
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 31 January, 2015
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an acute infectious disease with worldwide spread between human societies and domestic animals. This study has been carried out to determine the immunity against toxoplasma infection in women at the time of marriage counseling in Zahedan and its relation with conducted demographic factors. This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 280 women referred to marriage counseling of central laboratory of Zahedan city from January 2010 to May 2010. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and disease relationship was examined with place of residence, educational status, keeping cats at home, and keeping domestic animals and way of meat consumption (cooked or half-cooked) based on statistical tests. In this study the rate of positive cases of IgM was obtained as 5/4%. The results of this study showed no significant relationship between IgM positive cases and education, place of residency and maintenance of domestic animals at home, but significant relationship between IgM positive cases and maintenance of cats at home was observed. Thus, among those who kept cats at home, the rate of IgM antibody positive cases had increased. On the other hand those who had consumed half-cooked or raw meat, positive cases of antibodies increased and significant relationship between the two cases was observed. The results of this study indicated that 94/6% of referred women are negative for toxoplasma antibody and they are at risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis especially during pregnancy and its complications of congenital infections for their babies.
Key words: Antibodies, Toxoplasma gondii, ELISA.
Ruhollah M. M, *Moshen Akbar
Page: 69 - 72
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 2 (1), pp. 062-064, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Predominance of intestinal parasitic contaminations among Primary school students in Iran
*Bahman Lotfi, Ghobadi Shah and Jafar Omidyar
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Payame Noor University, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 29 December, 2014
Abstract
Duplicate stool specimens from 405 primary school attending students of Barandooz-Chay region of Urmia district were tested for intestinal parasites. Besides, duplicate scotch tape slides were obtained and examined microscopically for Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia sp. eggs. A questionnaire containing demographic data was filled for every case, and the relationship between them and the parasitic infection was assayed. Overall, intestinal parasitic prevalence was 42.5%. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis, Iodamoeba butschlii, Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana was 20.5, 14.6, 13.3, 2.5, 10.6 and 0.2%, respectively. No statistic relation was proved between these infections, having tap water facility at home or family population (except for E. vermicularis), but there was a significant relationship between parents’ education level and family population. According to relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections in the study field, it is necessary to increase hygienic and educational measures.
Key words: Prevalence, intestinal parasites, primary school, Urmia.
Ghobadi Shah and Jafar Omidyar, *Bahman Lotfi
Page: 62 - 64
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 2 (1), pp. 053-061, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Association involving subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV patients and risk factors of cardiovascular
*Antonio Salvador, Xavi Pedro and Miguel Cortes
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 12 December, 2014
Abstract
HIV-infected patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) is regarded as non-invasive test for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis (SA). Until now, there have been very few studies which have analysed SA in HIV patients using PWV measurements. Our objectives were to analyse the prevalence of SA in a Spanish cohort of HIV patients using PWV and compare it with the data published in seronegative population; it investigates the risk factors involved in SA, and it evaluates the possible correlation between values obtained using PWV and the Framingham (FRS) and SCORE systems. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 136 consecutive HIV-positive patients. PWV was measured using the Complior© system. Values of >12 m/s were considered as diagnostic of SA. Results: 11.4% patients had SA. In the univariate analysis SA was associated with age, type 2-DM, HBP (high blood pressure), anti-HCV-positive, a higher viral low (VL) for HIV at onset and a higher percentage on the 10-year FRS. Multivariate analysis showed only a relationship between SA and the age (p = 0.001) and anti-HCV-positive (p=0.02), in patients diagnosed over a longer period (p=0.0001) and elevated homocysteine levels (p= 0.02). Conclusions: The prevalence of SA in our HIV cohort was low. This was associated with age, and anti-HCV-positive with a longer diagnosis and higher homocysteine levels. PWV did not correlate with cardiovascular risk calculated according to the FRS and SCORE system.
Key words: Subclinical atherosclerosis, pulse wave velocity, HIV, cardiovascular risk factors.
Xavi Pedro and Miguel Cortes, *Antonio Salvador
Page: 53 - 61
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 1 (4), pp. 050-052, December, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence of avian cause H3N2 canine flu infection disease in pet dogs in Shenzhen, China
*Wayne Chow and Hongwu Zheng He
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 22 November, 2014
Abstract
Canine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe and acute respiratory disease in dogs. Canine influenza is caused by two subtypes of influenza. A virus: H3N2 and H3N8. In recent years, surveys of avian origin CIV infection in dogs have been reported worldwide. However, little is known about the prevalence of CIV in pet dogs in China. In the present study, the prevalence of avian origin CIV H3N2 in pet dogs in Shenzhen, Southern China was investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Thirty-one (6.71%) of the 462 serum samples tested were seropositive for avian origin CIV by ELISA. Use of the HI test revealed the presence of anti-H3 antibodies in 28 (6.06%) of 462 serum samples. The prevalence ranged from 4.87% (HI) or 6.19% (ELISA) to 7.41% among dogs of different ages, with high prevalence in pet dogs of 1 to 3 years old, but low prevalence in pet dogs ≤1 year. The seroprevalence in female dogs was 5.21%, and in male dogs it was 7.78% (ELISA) or 6.67% (HI). These findings demonstrated that avian origin canine influenza virus infection is prevalent in pet dogs and can spread rapidly through local dog populations, which indicates its potential for becoming established in pet dogs throughout China.
Key words: Canine influenza virus, seropervalence, pet dog, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay.
Hongwu Zheng He, *Wayne Chow
Page: 50 - 52
Research Article
African Journal of Infectious Diseases Research Vol. 1 (4), pp. 042-049, December, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impacts of pegylated interferon-related neutropenia and thrombocytopenia on treatment of incessant HBV contamination
*Arik Ahmet, Orhan Yilmaz and Sakip V. Erban
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 12 November, 2014
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia on virologic response in cases with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection receiving treatment with pegylated interferon. Patients with chronic HBV infection treated with pegylated interferon were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with or without end-of-treatment and sustained virologic response were compared in terms of basic parameters and pre-treatment, and during treatment leukocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts. Sixty-two (62) cases with chronic HBV infection (47 male; mean age was 41 ± 10.91 years) were included in the study. The ratio of male gender, the ratio of previous standard interferon users and the percentage of cases with a platelet count of <100000/mm3 at the end of the 3rd month of treatment was higher in the group with end-of-treatment virologic response compared to non-responder (male gender was 33 (84.6%) and 14 (60.9%), p = 0.035; patients with previous standard interferon use were 13 (33.3%) and 2 (8.7%), p = 0.034; and patients with thrombocytopenia were 11 (28.2%) and 1 (4.3%), p = 0.024, respectively). Pre-treatment serum HBV DNA levels were lower in cases with end-of-treatment response compared to non-responders (p < 0.005). One patient (2.6%) with end-of-treatment response and 7 (30.4%) non-responders were hepatitis B virus “e” antigen (HBeAg)-positive (p = 0.003). The only independent predictor of end-of-treatment virologic response was previous standard interferon use (odds ratio 8.157, p = 0.048). There was no difference between groups with and without sustained virologic response in terms of evaluated variables. Cytopenia development during treatment did not affect pegylated interferon treatment response in our study. End-of-treatment response to treatment with pegylated interferon is enhanced in previous standard interferon users compared to treatment-naive patients.
Key words: Hepatitis B virus, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, interferons.
*Arik Ahmet, Orhan Yilmaz and Sakip V. Erban
Page: 42 - 49