ISSN 2756-3278
Research Article
Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 2 (2), pp. 116-119, February, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Review
The culture of Catfish in Nigeria: Progress, prospects and problems
Chika I. K and Nathaniel Oboroh
African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B 5122, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 26 January, 2014
Abstract
A review of the culture of catfish of the family Claridae in Nigeria was carried out using secondary data. The story of aquaculture in Nigeria is essentially the story of catfish culture. The favoured catfish species include: Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Clarias × Heterobranchus hybrid (‘Heteroclarias’) and Clarias nigrodigitatus. C. gariepinus and Heterobranchus are the most farmed fish in Nigeria. Catfish farming has continued to attract private sector initiative compared to earlier public or government-sponsored programmes. If the associated problems of production, especially the twin issue of feed production and fingerling supply are tackled, Nigeria will soon become a world exporter of catfish.
Key words: Nigeria, culture, catfish, Clarias, Heterobranchus.
Chika I. K, Nathaniel Oboroh
Page: 116 - 119
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAFM/1021Research Article
Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 2 (2), pp. 109-115, February, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The techniques of smoking on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some locally consumed fishes in Nigeria
George Davison, Victor Sebastian and Lebechi
Aquaculture Division, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 12 January, 2013
Abstract
Food smoking belongs to one of the oldest technologies of food preservation which mankind has used in fish processing. Potential health hazards associated with smoked foods may be caused by carcinogenic components of wood smoke – mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives of PAH. Comparison of the concentration of PAHs in smoked fish samples processed by sawdust, charcoal and firewood were investigated with the aim of determining the process that contributed more concentration of the PAHs to the fish samples. For this study, three species of fishes were investigated: Arius heude loti (cat-fish), Cynoglossus senegalensis (sole) and Haake (fresh stock fish). The PAHs in the samples were extracted using solvents by ultrasonication and were analysed for the 16 US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using HPLC with a UV DAD detector. The results showed that smoked fish samples that were processed by charcoal gave the lowest level of total PAHs, followed by firewood method, while the sawdust method gave the highest level of total PAHs in the smoked fishes. The level of PAHs in three species of fishes smoked also correlated with the fat content.
Key words: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), smoked fish, fat and oil contents, smoking.
George Davison, Victor Sebastian and Lebechi
Page: 109 - 115
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAFM/1020Research Article
Full Length Research Paper
Usefulness of probiotics in civilizing water quality and bacterial flora in fish ponds
Tanmay Lakshya and Raaz Viraj
Department of Zoology, Fish Biology and Fishery Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 29 December, 2013
Abstract
Fish culture aimed at high production through intense culture practices often leads not only to the alteration in water quality but also to severe disease problems. The accumulation of organic wastes deteriorates water quality and encourages the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. To avoid these problems, probiotics are used as bioremediation tool. The present study was aimed to know the changing patterns of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial loads and water quality in fish ponds treated with pond probiotics. For this study, three earthen fish ponds, were cultured Pangasius sutchi, Catla catla and Labeo rohita, located in Balliparru near Machilipatnam in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India were selected and studied for a culture period during 2009 to 2010. Two ponds were treated with probiotics having Nitrosomonas (1.62 kg/ha) and Nitrobacter (0.82 kg/ha) species and one pond was kept as control. During the culture period (August 2009 to July 2010), water quality parameters and the populations of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), beneficial bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species) and pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas) in water were analyzed. It was observed that in treated ponds, THB and beneficial bacterial load increased and pathogenic Pseudomonas load decreased. The bacterial population changed during every fortnight sampling of the culture period. The changing patterns of different bacteria in treated and control ponds were compared and discussed. The concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and phosphates were observed to be low in treated ponds than in the control pond. The present study revealed that the probiotics are instrumental in maintaining good water quality, higher beneficial and lower pathogenic bacterial loads in fish ponds.
Key words: Probiotics, fish ponds, physico-chemical parameters of water, total heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria.
Tanmay Lakshya, Raaz Viraj
Page: 102 - 108
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAFM/1019Research Article
Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 2 (1), pp. 098-101, January, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Blood meal as protein ingredient from animal waste product in the diet of (Oreochromis niloticus)
Bello Edeh1* and Adeyeye Gbagi2
1Chemistry Advance Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, P. M. B. 186, Garki, Abuja FCT, Nigeria.
2African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B 5122, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 15 December, 2013
Abstract
Three iso-nitrogenous diet of 35% crude protein were prepared with blood meal at various inclusion level of 0, 50 and 100%. These were coded Treatment 1 (T1), Treatment 2 (T2), and Treatment 3 (T3) respectively. The diet with 0% blood meal was used as control. Oreochromis niloticus average initial weight of 6.20±0.02 g were randomly allocated to three treatment diets, 20 fingerlings per unit net-hapa, for a period of twelve weeks (84 days). The three treatment diets (T1, T2 and T3) were replicated in three net-hapas each of dimension 1 × 1 × 1 m, stacked in concrete tanks. Each dietary treatment was tested in triplicate group of 20 fingerlings per unit hapa. The experimental fish were fed twice daily at 5% of biomass for a period of twelve weeks. Final average weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein intake, were highest in the fish fed with 100% BM (T3) inclusion. The analysis of variance showed significant difference P<0.05) in the feed treatments on the growth of (O. niloticus). There were no significant difference (p >0.05) in growth performance among fish fed diets. However, fish fed diet 100% BM (T5) had higher (p<0.05) growth than those fed with 0% (T1) and 50% (T3) BM respectively. There was no mortality recorded during the period of the experiment. The results showed that blood-meal performed very well as a feedstuff and inclusion of rate of 100% could replace fishmeal in Tilapia diet with no adverse effect on growth and survival of O. niloticus fingerlings.
Key words: Blood meal, fishmeal, protein, diet, Oreochromis niloticus, substitution.
Bello Edeh*, Adeyeye Gbagi
Page: 98 - 101
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAFM/1018Research Article
Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (9), pp. 094-097, December, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cypermethrin toxic effect on enzyme activities in freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio)
Wasim Yhasmine
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected]
Accepted 22 November, 2014
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio a freshwater fish, was exposed to lethal concentration (7.5 µg/L) for one, three, five, seven and nine days and, sublethal concentration (1.5 µg/L) for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of cypermethrin, respectively to observe the enzyme activity in functionally three different tissues; that is, muscle, gill and liver. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were increased in all the tissues with an increase in exposure time of cypermethrin. Though, under sublethal concentration of cypermethrin for 14, 21 and 28 days, a decreasing trend was observed in all the three tissues. The increased levels of amino transferase might be attributed to tissue damage under toxic stress in C. carpio. It has been concluded that the usefulness of the enzymes as biomarkers of cypermethrin toxicity appeared to be concentration and tissue dependent and can be effectively used to assess the impact of the agrochemical on the fish.
Key words: Cypermethrin, Cyprinus carpio, enzymes activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH).
Wasim Yhasmine
Page: 94 - 97
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAFM/1017Research Article
Full Length Research Paper
A contrast between fish offal’s fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and manure applied to tomato and onion
Aotunex Ihemanma and Chigaemezu Ebutex
Botany Department, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa. Email:[email protected]
Accepted 03 November, 2013
Abstract
Fertilizer is a critical input for improving production and increasing crop yields. The effect of chemical fertilizer, fish offal’s fertilizer and manure on marketable yield and other parameter of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Adama red onion (Allium cepa) were compared. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three treatments; chemical fertilizer (T1), fish offal’s fertilizer (T2) and manure (T3). Treatments encompassed 0.24 kg diammonium phosphate (DAP) of chemical fertilizer, 2 kg of ground fish offal’s fertilizer and 10 kg of unfermented (fresh) manure for tomato. Similarly, 0.12 kg DAP of chemical fertilizer, 1 kg of ground fish offal’s fertilizer and 5 kg of unfermented manure for Adama red onion. 3 × 4 m plot size was used for tomato and 2 × 3 m plot size was used for Adama red onion. The results indicated that there is significant difference (p < 0.05) in tomato height at first harvesting with the maximum height of 80.33 ± 3.97 cm from plot treated with fish offal’s fertilizer. There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in onion bulb weight. The maximum bulb weight was 112.51±16.4 g recorded from plot treated with chemical fertilizer. Tomato fertilized with fish offal’s fertilizer grew better than those fertilized with chemical fertilizer at later stages. Fish offal’s fertilizer boosted the production at the later age and concluded that it can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for tomato. The use of fish offal’s fertilizer for different crops, application time and amounts should be further studied.
Key words: Fish offal’s fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, manure, onion, tomato.
Chigaemezu Ebutex, Aotunex Ihemanma
Page: 90 - 93
https://doi.org/10.46882/AAFM/1016