Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ground water pollution due to aquaculture in east coast region of Nellore district, Andhrapradesh, India

Ramesh Reddy Putheti^1*, R N Okigbo², Madhusoodan sai Advanapu³ and Radha Leburu⁴

¹Research Scientist, Actavis Pharmaceuticals, 236-203, Saint David Court, Maryland, USA. “Member an American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists"

²Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, PMB5025, Anambra State, Nigeria.

³Vel’s College of Science, University of Madras, India.

⁴Radha Leburu, Department of Biotechnology, S.V University, India.

Accepted 24 February, 2020

Abstract

Ground water quality parameters were studied for pollution due to aquaculture in the east coast region of district Andhrapradesh, India. Over a period of two years, 46 groundwater samples were collected for analyses. The results showed that the alkalinity ranged from 120 - 482 mg/L, and pH ranged from 7.1 to 8.6. The chloride concentration ranged from 65 – 4950 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was 2 to 8.4 mg/L, and Biochemical Oxygen Demand was 3 to 23 mg/L. Conductivity ranged from 68 to 8200 umho/cm. Approximately 86 % of water samples exceed the international chloride standards for drinking water (200 – 250 mg/L). The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration was within the acceptable standards of 6 mg/L. The DO concentration of the ground water satisfied the DO requirement for aquaculture. However, open well number 12 has less (3.1 mg/ml), potentially indicating contamination from aquaculture farm effluents. Low concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen in nearby well water provided further evidence that these wells are contaminated with biodegradable organic compounds. The effect of aqua farms on the ground water quality was discussed in line with public health standard.

Key words: Ground water pollution, aquaculture, water quality, physical-chemical, Parameters.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Brackish water aquaculture: a veritable tool for the empowerment of Niger Delta communities

Anyanwu, P. E.¹, Gabriel, U. U.², Akinrotimi, O.A.¹, Bekibele D. O.¹ and Onunkwo D. N.¹

¹African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Ocenography and Marine Research, P. M. B 5122. Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria

Accepted 17 January, 2020

Abstract

Poverty is generally considered as one of the major causes of food insecurity and poverty alleviation is essential in improving access to food. Among countries in the developing world, including Nigeria, the people in the fishing sectors are some of the poorest and most neglected. This is true of the fishers in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Depletion in natural fish stock, lack of development in the oil rich region, neglect of aquaculture industry have led to disintegration of these traditional communities. Hence, there is massive rural migration to the major cities, especially among the young school leavers seeking for greener pastures. Brackish water fish farming as a profitable alternative venture is a veritable tool that can provide food and jobs for teeming youth and women in addition to freshwater fish and crop farming. The coastal communities of the Niger Delta region has remarkable potentials for the development of brackish water aquaculture, but these remain largely undeveloped not only because of the difficult nature of the terrain, but the government as well as the multinationals have not understood and tapped the potential role of brackish water aquaculture in managing the crisis in the Niger Delta. Economic empowerment of restive youths and women through brackish water aquaculture can be achieved through encouragement of personal investments, formation of farmer co-operative societies provision of loans and credit facilities, on-farm training and establishment of brackish water fish farms by multinationals and government, manpower development in techniques for the propagation and culture of brackish water species such as tilapia, mullet, tarpon, oysters etc at centers like the African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Brackish water Research Station, Buguma, Rivers State. The above if carefully assessed and implemented could go a long way in reducing the tension in the region, thereby making it governable and enhancing economic activities which are gradually grinding to a halt as a result of youth restiveness.

Key words: Aquaculture, brackish water, fish, empowerment, Niger Delta.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in subsaharan Africa

U.U. Gabriel¹, O. A Akinrotimi², D. O. Bekibele², D. N Onunkwo² and P. E. Anyanwu³

¹Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B 5122, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

³Aquaculture Division, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 February, 2020

Abstract

Aquaculture development and growth in Africa have been on low ebb despite the vast aquatic resources that abounds on the continent. Since the introduction of aquaculture to Africa, some decades ago, there have been a lot of innovations, technological advancement and progress in the areas of genetics, seed propagation, pond construction and farm management in general. Despite breakthroughs recorded in these areas most farmers in Africa still rely heavily on imported feed ingredients and fish feeds from European countries, which makes fish farming expensive as fish feed account for at least 60% of the total cost of production. This has contributed in no small measure to the slow pace at which aqua-culture is advancing in Africa. This article, however reviewed critically the potentials of locally manufac-tured fish feed in enhancing, improving and sustaining aquaculture development in Africa. Various methods of processing employed were discussed and suggestions were made on how aquaculture growth can reach its maximum potential in the production of fish through utilization of locally available fish feed ingredients.

Key words: Aquaculture, fish feed, local production, sub-Saharan Africa.

Key words: Hazards, risks, aquaculture.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN: 9424-2933 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bioactivity of venom extracted from the sea anemone Anthopleura asiatica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): Toxicity and Histopathological studies

Ramkumar S.¹*, Arun Sudhagar S.² and Venkateshvaran K.¹

¹Fisheries Resources, Harvest and Post Harvest Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.

²Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.

Accepted 21 October, 2019

Abstract

The bioactivity of the venom from a locally available sea anemone, Anthopleura asiatica collected from the Mumbai coast was studied. The crude venom from sixty sea anemones (Sixty numbers) was extracted in aqueous medium. The protein content of the crude venom was 4.3459±0.027 mg/ml. The crude venom was found to be lethal at 1ml when injected intra-peritoneal to kasuali strain male albino mice (20±2 g). The crude venom was partially purified by anion exchange chromatography using a step-wise gradient of 0.1-1.0M NaCl and 10 fractions each of 15 ml, F1 – F10 were collected. Fractions F8, F9 and F10 exhibited lethality to mice, upon envenomation. The symptoms of toxicity observed in the mice indicated that the venom affected the central nervous, cardiovascular and urinary systems. Histopathological study revealed accumulation of polymorphic nuclear cells with necrosis in brain, hemolysis in heart, occlusion with hemolysed blood in kidney and necrosis, vacuolation with pleomorphic nuclear material and hemolysis in liver.

Key words: Sea anemone, venom, toxicity, histopathology.