Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-010, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Haematological response of the African catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to sublethal concentrations of potassium permanganate

Kori-Siakpere, Ovie*, Ogbe, Martin Gbemi and Ikomi, Robert Bemigho

Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, P. M. B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria.

Accepted 23 March, 2020

Abstract

Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is a widely used freshwater aquaculture chemotherapeutant for the treatment and prevention of waterborne parasitic and fungal diseases. The goal of this research is to determine the toxicological effects of potassium permanganate on haematological parameters of the wi-dely consumed African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Advanced juveniles C. gariepinus were exposed to a sublethal concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 6.0 and 10.0 mg/L) of potassium permanganate for 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 h adopting the static renewal bioassay technique and subjected to analyses. Blood samples were obtained from the caudal circulation and used for the measurement of haematocrit, haemoglobin con-centration, red and white blood cell counts. Empirical data of the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for level of significance between the various sublethal concentrations of KMnO₄ and the exposure periods. Haemoglobin concentrations were significantly (P< 0.05) decreased to values between 19.25 and 13.60 mg/dL in all sublethal levels compared to the control value of 19.65 mg/dL at zero time. Haematocrit values were similarly signify-cantly (P< 0.05) lowered from the control value of 25.67 to 23.33% in the sublethal levels after 192 h ex-posure. The mean values of the red blood cell count were also significantly lowered from the control value of 1.68 million/mm ³ to between 1.64 and 1.15 million/mm³ in 2.0, 6.0 and 10.0 mg KMnO₄/L. Similar trends were observed in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) which decreased significantly (P< 0.05) with an increase in exposure time, but the level of the mean corpuscular volume was increased. The results suggest that potassium perman-ganate can negatively affect the haematology of fish, causing various disturbances in its health and wellbeing. It is hereby recommended that potassium permanganate widely used in controlling external fungal, bacterial and protozoan infections of fish should not be used indiscriminately.

Key words: Potassium permanganate, haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte count, haematological indices, Clarias gariepinus, Nigeria.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Biotechnology and species development in aquaculture

S. O. Ayoola¹ and A. A. Idowu²

¹Department of Marine Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria.

²Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 April, 2020

Abstract

The use of biotechnology in various aspects of human endeavour have obviously created a great impact but not without some risks. Not withstanding, there is still the need for its adoption as more of the already adopted biotechnologies are being improved upon with lesser demerits. Aquaculture is not also left out in the application of biotechnological approaches. The aquaculture industry is currently faced with solving the simultaneous problems of developing economically viable production systems, reducing the impact on the environment and improving public perception. Whereas significant progress has been made in understanding production systems, improvement in cultured stocks has not kept pace with productivity demands. This paper considered aquaculture as the only way to increase fish production and also discusses technical environmental and management considerations regarding the use of genetically modified fish organism (e.g. fish) in aquaculture. This paper discusses advantage of biotechnological research application and commercialization.

Key words: Biotechnology, species, development, aquaculture.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Acute toxicity of potassium permanganate to fingerlings of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Kori-Siakpere, Ovie

Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, P. M. B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected], Tel: +2348033613853.

Accepted 13 April, 2020

Abstract

Laboratory static bioassays were conducted to determine the 96-h LC₅₀ and the lethal levels of concentrations of the aquaculture therapeutant, potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) on fingerlings (mean weight, 6.24 ± 0.15 g and mean length, 4.25 ± 0.07 cm) of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. A total number of one hundred and eighty (180) fingerlings of mixed sex and brood stock were used for the toxicity bioassay. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value obtained for treatment of the fingerlings of the catfish C. gariepinus with potassium permanganate was 3.02 mg/L KMnO₄ with lower and upper 95% confidence limits of 0.40 and 3.73 mg/L KMnO₄, respectively. There was very strong and positive correlation between the variables (r = 0.96) with 93% (r²) association. Toxicity curve revealed 11.20 mg/L KMnO₄ at 8.20 h as the threshold value for the 96 h assay of potassium permanganate on fingerlings of C. gariepinus. The 96 h LT₅₀ for 10, 8 and 6 mg/L KMnO₄ to the test fish were also determined to be 10.40, 11.30 and 17.80 h, respectively. Varying behavioural patterns were observed in the fish, which included erratic swimming, loss of reflexes, total loss of equilibrium, paleness of skin and gasping for air. The value of water quality parameters monitored during the exposure period did not differ significantly (P>0.05) within the various concentrations of the therapeutant (KMnO₄) as well as with the control. However, pH and total alkalinity tended to increase with increasing concentration of the toxicant.

Key words: Potassium permanganate, acute toxicity, LC₅₀, LT₅₀, behaviour, Clarias gariepinus, Nigeria.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bioconversion of palm kernel meal for aquaculture: Experiences from the forest region (Republic of Guinea)

Saurin Hem¹, Sékou Toure², Cé Sagbla² and Marc Legendre³

¹IRD, Wisma Anugraha, Jalan Taman Kemang 32B. Kemang Jakarta Selatan 12730, Indonesia.

²C/O SOGUIPAH (Base de Diecké) BP 123 Coléah – Conakry Republic of Guinae.

³IRD, Gamet, n° 361 Rue J.F. BRETON - BP 5095 - 34196 Montpellier cedex 05, France.

Accepted 16 February, 2020

Abstract

Proteins and fats locked in palm kernel meal cannot be used directly by fishes. Enzyme from maggots (HERMETIA ILLUCENS larvae) lyses and extracts those nutrients which are consumed as food. Biomasses of maggots produced can be used to feed fishes. This innovation opens a new hope for many African countries where so much agro-industry by-products exist such as palm kernel meal, groundnut meal, cotton seed meal. The different aspects involved in this discovery are explained before the sequence of processes up to final discovery is described.

Key words: Hermetia illucens, black soldier fly, palm kernel meal, rural aquaculture, agro-industry by-products, fishmeal replacement, bioconversion.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management ISSN 2756-3278 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Aeromonas hydrophila disturbs water and electrolyte transport in Mugil cephalus L. intestine

F.  Khemiss¹*, R. Massoudi², S. Ahmadi², S. Ghoul-Mazgar³, S. Safta³, A. A. Moshtaghie⁴ and D. Saidane²

¹Laboratory of Physiology, Dental Faculty, Monastir, Tunisia.

²Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia.

³Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Dental Faculty, Monastir, Tunisia.

⁴School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences University, Isfahan, Iran.

Accepted 10 March, 2020

Abstract

Fish diseases create a menace to aquaculture farms. They provoke disastrous economic losses and sanitary risks for the consumer. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila on water and electrolyte (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^-, HCO₃^-) flux of Mugil cephalus (L, 1758) intestine. Anterior, middle and distal gut segments of M. cephalus (L) intestine were used in an in vitro model; Everted Gut Sac (EGS). The sacs were exposed to bacteria suspension (10⁸ cells/ ml) at 25°C for 2 h. Our results showed a significant reduction of water absorption at the anterior and the mid intestine (P< 0.05), and a significant increase of K⁺ secretion only at the anterior intestine (P < 0.01). However, HCO₃^- secretion increase was significant at the anterior and the mid intestine (P < 0.05). Paradoxically, an increased absorption of Na⁺, and Cl^- was recorded at the mid (P < 0.01) and at the distal gut segments (P < 0.05). Histological studies were assessed by light microscopy. EGS exposed to Ringer solution (12%, pH 8.5) revealed the presence of intact intestinal tract. However, infected EGS showed intestinal damages characterized by epithelium lesions, detachment of degenerate enterocytes with voluminous and spherical shape, disappearance of enterocyte brush border and lesions at cellular junction. It can be concluded that A. hydrophila resulted in a disturbance of hydroelectrolytic flux and alterations of M. cephalus intestinal tract. The most serious damage was noted at the anterior segment.

Key words: Everted Gut Sac, Mugil cephalus, Aeromonas hydrophila, water flux, electrolyte flux.