Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (5), pp. 052-057, August, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Needs for conservation for Fish variety of the River Choto Jamuna, Bangladesh

Monjurul Xafri, Chakra Arafat and Saminul Farzana

Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.  E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 31 July 2013

Abstract

River Choto Jamuna is an important and well-known river in north-west Bangladesh in terms of fish production and source of income for many fishermen living beside where this study has been conducted from January to December, 2012. This study revealed the existing fish species and their composition along with diversity, richness and evenness indices. A total of 63 species of fishes have been recorded belonging to 41 genera, 23 families and 9 orders. Cypriniformes was recorded as the most diversified fish group in terms of both number of species and individuals observed. Of all the fishes found, 41.27% species were threatened in Bangladesh including 15.87% vulnerable, 15.87% endangered and 9.52% critically endangered species. Overall values of diversity, richness and evenness indices were found to be 3.717, 6.954 and 0.897, respectively. Finally, considering all the findings, the establishment of fish sanctuaries to conserve available fish species, both threatened and non-threatened, naturally is recommended.

Key words: Fish diversity, Choto Jamuna, biodiversity, Shannon-weaver diversity, Margalef’s richness, Pielou’s evenness, Bangladesh.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (5), pp. 049-051, August, 2013.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The use of maggot meal in African cat fish Feeding

Adetarami Dudusola and Akinlade S. Temenu

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email:[email protected]

Accepted 01 July, 2013

Abstract 

A twelve week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings fed varying levels of maggot meal. Maggot meal was produced from a mixture of 25 kg of cattle blood, 70% wheat bran, and 30% saw dust and substituted for fish meal in the fish diet to produce five varying levels of maggot meals- Treatment 1 (Trt 1) contained 0% of maggot meal (control), Trt 2 (50% maggot meal), Trt 3 (33.3% maggot meal), Trt 4 (66.6% maggot meal), and Trt 5 (75% maggot meal). A total of 150 fingerlings (two weeks old ±21.74 g) were allotted to five dietary treatments (fifteen fingerlings per tank) in a randomized design. Highest mean weight gain (MWG), percentage weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR|) (35.47 g, 63.23%, 1.30%/day) were observed in Trt5 (75% maggot inclusion) respectively while the least values, 13.545 g, 62.29%, 0.69%/day were observed in Trt1 (control) respectively. In the same vein highest value of feed intake (116.4 kg) was recorded for Trt5 and least value (71.8 kg) was found with Trt3. However, FCR were significantly (P< 0.05) higher, Trt5 had the least FCR (3.13) and the highest value of 5.07 was found with fish fed control diet. Trt5 had the highest values of protein intake (PI) 47.60 and protein efficiency ratio (PER) 0.75, respectively. The results observed for FI showed that the feed were highly acceptable by the fish and the best growth response was achieved at higher level of maggot inclusion (75% maggot meal inclusion). Highest PER is also an indication that maximum utilisation of nutrients was obtained at the higher levels of maggot meal in the diet. Also, best of feed to flesh gain ratio was attained at the higher level of maggot inclusion. Therefore, it can be concluded that maggot meal can replace fish meal up to 75% without any adverse effect on the growth of the fish.

Key words: Replacement value, maggot meal, growth performance, weight gain.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (4), pp. 043-048, July, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biological accretion of some weighty metals in tilapia fish relevant to their concentration in water and sediment of Wadi Hanifah, Saudi Arabia

Shafiq Gulzar, Rizwan Gohar and Wasim Yhasmine

Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 25 May, 2013

Abstract 

Concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Cr) were determined in water, sediment and tissues of tilapia fish collected from Wadi Hanifah during summer 2010. The concentrations of the heavy metal in water were within the international permissible level. Cu had the highest accumulating level in fish whilst Hg had the lowest. The transfer factors of all metals in fish from water were greater than those from sediments. This led to the conclusion that fish bioaccumulation with these metals was from water. Heavy metals under study in the edible parts of tilapia were within the safety permissible level for human use.

Key words: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, tilapia, Wadi Hanifah.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (4), pp. 034-042, July, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Review

The causes of stress on intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon, Arctic charr, Atlantic cod and rainbow trout

Monjurul Xafri, Chakra Arafat and Saminul Farzana

Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 05 June, 2013

Abstract 

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish reacts to stress, sometimes with severe cell damage to intestinal enterocytes and modulation of the gut bacterial community. The effect of dominance hierarchy formation, acute - and handling stress on the intestinal bacterial community have been reported in three salmonids; Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). In Arctic charr, hierarchy formation reduced cultivable autochthonous (adherent) bacteria level in proximal intestine of subordinate fish compared to dominant fish, but this effect was not noticed in the distal intestine (DI). Furthermore, hierarchy formation modulates the gut microbiota. When Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout were exposed to acute stress the population level of adherent bacteria decrease in DI with concomitant increase in faeces, but this effect was not observed in Atlantic cod. The reason for the effect in Atlantic salmon is probably a peel-off effect of mucus and transporting autochthonous gut bacteria out of the fish. This will in turn allow allochthonous bacteria (present in the lumen or associated to digesta) to adhere and colonise the mucus layer. The elimination of the existing beneficial adherent gut microbiota and the lack of protecting mucus during acute stress might have relevance in pathogenesis. The present study reveals that stress eliminates certain protecting bacteria in the GI tract making the gut more prone to pathogen infections.

Key words: Fish, stress, intestinal microbiota.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (3), pp. 028-033, June, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Outline metal concentration and Nutritional traits of six fish species from the Oba reservoir in Ogbomoso, Benin-Nigeria

Ameachi Chinedu, chika I. K and Nathaniel Oboroh

African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B 5122, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 28 May, 2013

Abstract 

The nutritional qualities and concentration of trace metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in six fishes (Hemichromis fasciatus, Siluranodon auritus, Sarotherodon galileaus, Tilapia zilli, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, and Hepsetus odoe) obtained from Oba reservoir in Ogbomoso, Nigeria were evaluated. The value ranges of 55.95 to 68.80, 16.91 to 26.18, 5.46 to 18.18, 0.51 to 9.05, 7.67 to 10.14 and 0.97 to 1.41% were obtained for moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash and fibre contents, respectively. Highest protein and fat contents were obtained from H. odoe. The trace metals in fishes were found at various concentrations (P≤0.05). High levels of essential metals; Fe, Cu and Zn, were found in the fishes. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were also high in the fishes, but not detected in the water sample from the reservoir. A positive correlation was observed between fat and fibre (P≤0.01) as well as Zn and Pb (P≤0.05) while fat and iron were negatively correlated. The results show that the fishes evaluated are rich in essential nutrients. However, prior exposure of the fishes to pollutants was not unlikely as shown by Pb and Cd levels. There is the need to initiate further study to identify sources of these pollutants and their effects on biota from Oba reservoir.

Key words: Fish, nutrient, environment, pollutant, reservoir.

Advances in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Vol. 1 (3), pp. 022-027, June, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A Study on the safety and quality features of three sun-dried fish

Hasnain O. Altaf, Farhanullah k. and Fahim Jahanzeb

Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Islamabad CT, Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 01 May, 2013

Abstract  

Market samples of three sun-dried freshwater fish species namely Indian major carp (Labeo rohita), snake headed fish (Channa striatus), and a type of eurasian catfish (Wallago attu) were included in this study. The quality of the sun-dried fish samples were evaluated by examining physical properties, biochemical composition, and reconstitution behaviour. The safety aspect of the sun-dried fish samples were studied by the detection of heavy metal, total viable bacterial count (TBC), aerobic plate count (APC) and Total volatile base-Nitrogen (TVB-N). According to the physical characteristics such as colour, odour, texture, it appeared that the L. rohita and C. striatus were of better quality than that of the W. attu which had already developed rancid odour, and bitter taste. The examined samples were brownish to light brown compared to the attractive cream colour of a freshly prepared samples. The products had moisture content ranging from 19.17 to 23.12%. The protein content ranged from 49.23 to 62.85%. Lipid and ash content were in the range of 4.92 to 11.0% and from 11.11 to 18.89%, respectively. C. striatus contained the highest protein content (62.85%) and W. attu contained lowest protein (49.23%) on moisture free basis. The result of heavy metal analysis of the sun-dried fish samples showed that, in sun-dried L. rohita, Arsenic (As) was 0.001 mg/g, Cadmium (Cd) was 0.53 mg/g, and Chromium (Cr) was 0.025 mg/g. In the sample of sun-dried C. striatus As was 0.003 mg/g, Cd was 0.089 mg/g and Cr was 0.054 mg/g; while in the sample of sun-dried W. attu As was 0.004, Cd 0.097, and Cr 0.068, which were within the acceptable limit for human consumption. The TBC of the experimental samples ranged from 1.84 × 10⁴ to 5.3 × 10⁶ per g of the dried samples. The total volatile base Nitrogen (N) content of the dried fish samples ranged from 7.54 to 8.32%. Reconstitution rate was found to be faster in C. striatus and L. rohita but slower in W. attu.

Key words: Total volatile base-Nitrogen, sun-dried, trace elements, fish.