African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Trends in Trichomonas vaginalis infection and vulvovaginal candidiasis in Dakar

Mame Cheikh Seck^1,2*, Papa Aly Thiam Gueye², Cheikh Faye², Pasca Elie Engo², Khadim Diongue¹,  Mouhamadou Ndiaye¹, Aida Sadikh Badiane¹ and Daouda Ndiaye¹

¹Departement of Parasitology - Cheikh Anta Diop University; ^2.Laboratory of Microbiology - Military Hospital of Ouakam.

Received: May 25, 2023; Accepted 27 June, 2023

Abstract                                                                         

Trichomonas vaginalis infection and vulvovaginal candidiasis are common referrals due to clinical symptoms. Here we report the trends of vulvovaginal candidiasis and T. vaginalis infection in Dakar. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2020 on women referred to the Military Hospital of Ouakam laboratory for vaginal discharge. To detect T. vaginalis, the wet mount smear was examined under an optical microscope at ×40. Identification of Candida species involves sample culture on Sabouraud's agar and germ-tube generation in a serum-containing medium. Results: Overall, 4786 patients were enrolled. The overall prevalence of VVC was 28.48%. The highest frequency was noted in 2019, with 30.10%. According to the age group, the highest prevalence was noted in patients aged under 20, with 36.9%. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginitis infection was 3.51% (n=168). By study period and age group, the highest prevalence was recorded in 2016 at 4.44% and among patients aged 31 and 40 at 4.02%. Conclusion: This study reveals that nearly a third of the study population presented VVC while the prevalence of trichomoniasis is low. Patients under 20 were more affected by the VVC, suggesting a possible shift in the epidemiology of VVC.

Keywords: Prevalence,Trichomonas vaginalis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, women, Dakar.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Studies on the immuno-bioactivities of the Oleaceae plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

M. Kannan^1*, A.J.A. Ranjit Singh², T.T. Ajith Kumar³, P. Jegatheswari⁴ and S.Subburayalu⁵

¹Microbiology Department, V.H.N.S.N.College, Virudhunagar-626 001, India.

²Department of Biology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi–627412 India.

³CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502, India.

⁴Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College for Women, Perambalur-621 212, India.

⁵K.R College of Arts and Science, Kovil Patti – 628 503, India.

Accepted 11 May, 2023

Abstract

In this study the immunomodulatory potential of an Indian medicinal plant, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Oleaceae), was investigated. The leaf extracts of N. arbor-tristis is used to treat arthritis, lung injury and some painful conditions such as cancer, chronic fever and rheumatism. An ethanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis (NAEE) was screened in rats for humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Oral administration of the NAEE to rats at a dose of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced the circulating antibody titre when challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and heat -killed Salmonella antigens. The chronic administration of NAEE increased the total counts of white blood cells (WBC) and potentated the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. The present study confirms the strong immuno-bioactivities in extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Key words: Immuno-bioactivities, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, anti inflammatory, humoral immunity, delayed-type hypersensitivity.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Possibility of the sale of a microbial medium made from industrial food waste

Zvidzai C.* ¹, Muzhinji N.¹, Chidzvondo F.¹, Mundembe R.², and Sithole-Niang I.¹

¹Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.

²Bindura University of Science and Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.

Accepted 21 April, 2023

Abstract

A microbial medium, designated DYSP medium, was produced from food wastes that included defatted soya, clear beer spent yeast, potato solid waste and opaque beer spent grains. Various combinations of the food wastes were used for the media formulations and evaluated for extent of supporting microbial growth of pure cultures. A 3.0 M sodium hydroxide hydrolysis followed by a neutralization process using concentrated hydrochloric acid has been established and standardized for the preparation of the medium. A dry pulverized medium was produced that could be reconstituted in distilled water (dH₂O) without settleable solids. The formulated DYSP medium supported the growth of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The composition of the medium was 35.45% protein, 5.7% nitrogen, 56.6% ash, 8.6% moisture and 0.012 mg/ml of total reducing sugar. The pH of the DYSP broth was 6.6 when reconstituted in distilled water. Traditional classical microbiological studies demonstrated that the test cultures could grow and retain normal phenotypic and morphological properties when cultured on the formulated medium.The DYSP medium containing ampicillin, isopropyl ß-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-ß-D-galactoside proved to be an equally alternative medium in molecular biology for selection and screening E. coli TG1 cells transformed with pUC18 plasmid. Other preliminary biotechnological results showed that the formulated medium could form a base for studying and optimizing the production of penicillin by P. chrysogenum.

Key words: Food wastes, chemical hydrolysis culturing medium, fermentation and molecular biology.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-014, June, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Analysis of specific strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus

Kamila Goderska* and Zbigniew Czarnecki

The August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznan, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.

Accepted 21 October, 2022

Abstract

The presented study aims to characterize Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 and DSM 20242 and Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20082, DSM 20215, DSM 20239 and DSM 20456 strains. Within the framework of the performed investigations, the author evaluated their biochemical properties, resistance to antibiotics, antagonism towards selected pathogens as well as the effect on their survivability of different environmental conditions with special emphasis on the conditions prevailing in the human gastrointestinal tract. The performed experiments revealed significant differences between the examined bacterial species as well as between strains of the same species. All the examined strains were characterized by diverse biochemical properties, resistance to antibiotics and showed antagonistic action against Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The tested strains of the L. acidophilus bacteria were found to exhibit antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria, although the observed activity was smaller in comparison with the antagonistic activity against H. pylori. These data confirm reports about the antagonistic effect of probiotic bacteria on the growth of pathogenic bacteria. All the examined bacterial strains fulfil the basic criterion expected from probiotic strains, that is, are capable of surviving in the ‘in vitro’ conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, at low pH and in the presence of bile salts.

Key words: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotic, antibiotic resistance, acidity resistance, bile tolerance, antagonistic activity.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2l023. © International Scholars Journals