African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (2), pp. 278-281, February, 2018. © International ScholarsJournals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length on simulation of P influx with the mechanistic model

*Khanduri Biria¹, Nitin Khan¹ and Sunil Biju²

¹Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Bihar Agricultural University, Bihar, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 22 July, 2015

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation was to quantify the total hyphal length of maize and groundnut and its influence on simulation of P influx. The field experiments were carried out with three P levels i.e., P - 0 (no P), P - 50 (50 mg P kg ^-1 soil) and P - 400 (400 mg P kg^-1 soil) . Test crops were maize and groundnut. Four harvests were made to cover whole growing season and at each harvest hyphal length was measured. Application of P fertilizer reduced hyphal length by 30 _¯ 50% in maize and 25 _¯ 50% in groundnut. At P-0, hyphal length of maize crop was higher (5.4 mg^-1) than groundnut (3.8 mg^-1). To assess the influence of hyphal length on calculated P influx, mechanistic model was used. The model was employed first to calculate the P influx with root hairs of both the crops and then substituting root hairs by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphae. When root hairs were substituted by AM hyphae the calculated influx increased by a factor of 1.5 to 2 for plots receiving no P. Concentration profile around the root cylinder at P - 0 showed that hyphae was able to decrease the soil solution concentration more than the root hairs.

Key words: Maize, Groundnut, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Hyphae, P influx.

African Journal of Parasitology Research  ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (1), pp. 271-277, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of Sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance-associated mutations in dhfr and dhps gene of Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected   in Pala west region of Chad
   
ISSA Mahamat Souleymane¹*, Offianan Andre TOURE², DJIMADOUM Mbanga³, KERAH Hinzoumbé Clément¹, AKO Aristide Berenger², COULIBALY Baba2, MBAITOLOUM  Modobé Denis1,  DJOUMBE Ephraim¹, TCHONFIENE Passiri⁴, DJIMRASSENGAR Honoré⁵,  V. YAMEOGO Jean Marie⁵,  BOUZID Samir⁶, RINGWALD Pascal⁷, DOSSO Mireille⁸, DJAMAN Allico Joséph<sup>9

1</sup>Chad National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP); ²Malariology Unit/ Parasitology and Mycology Department, Institut Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire; ³University of N'Djaména, Faculty of Medicine, NCBT; ⁴Emergency service of Pala Hospital; ⁵WHO / Chad; ⁶PALAT / UNDP; ⁷GMP / WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; ⁸University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan - Institute Pastor of Côte d’Ivoire; ⁹University of Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Department of Biochemistry- Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire.

Corresponding Author's E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (+225) 87420247/57904950

Accepted 20 December, 2017     

Abstract

Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) is the recommended drug for Intermittent Preventive Therapy (IPT) in pregnant women in Chad since 2005. There are few published reports of mutations in dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) genes in P.falciparum populations in Chad.  This study was assessed to determine prevalence of dhfr and dhps polymorphisms in P. falciparum isolates collected in Pala west region of Chad. P. falciparum isolates were collected from children under five years with a confirmed diagnosis of malaria at Pala hospital in the western region of Chad. The parasite DNA was extracted from the blood sampled on Whatman® filter paper by the Qiagen DNA Mini Kit method (Qiagen, Valencia.CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. dhfr and dhps gene were amplified using nested PCR and subsequently sequenced. A total of 30 isolates were sequenced and analyzed. The prevalence of the Asn-51-Ile, Cys-59-Arg and Ser-108-Asn mutations of the dhfr gene were 23.3 %, 30% and 33.3%, respectively. The mutations Ala-16-Val, Ile-16-Leu and Ser-108-Thr were not detected. Ser-436-Ala, Ala-437-Gly mutations of the dhps gene were found in 23.3% and 16.7%. Lys-540-Glu, Ala-581-Gly, Ala-613-Ser mutations and Phe-436 codon were not observed. The wild type dhfr and dhps isolates represented 53.3% and 66.7% of the analyzed sequences. The triple mutant dhfr and double mutant dhps were respectively 3.33% and 6.7%.This study provide baseline prevalence dhfr and dhps polymorphisms in Chad. Deployment of SP for IPTp should be encouraged in Chad, and the corresponding resistance markers be regularly monitored.

Key words: Malaria, Sulfadoxine-Pyriméthamine, Pala/Chad.

Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) is the recommended drug for Intermittent Preventive Therapy (IPT) in pregnant women in Chad since 2005. There are few published reports of mutations in dihydropteroatesynthetase (dhps) and dihydrofolatereductase (dhfr) genes in P.falciparum populations in Chad.  This study was assessed to determine prevalence of dhfr and dhps polymorphisms in P. falciparum isolates collected in Pala west region of Chad. P. falciparum isolates were collected from children under five years with a confirmed diagnosis of malaria at Pala hospital in the western region of Chad. The parasite DNA was extracted from the blood sampled on Whatman® filter paper by the Qiagen DNA Mini Kit method (Qiagen, Valencia.CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. dhfr and dhps gene were amplified using nested PCR and subsequently sequenced. A total of 30 isolates were sequenced and analyzed. The prevalence of the Asn-51-Ile, Cys-59-Arg and Ser-108-Asn mutations of the dhfr gene were 23.3 %, 30% and 33.3%, respectively. The mutations Ala-16-Val, Ile-16-Leu and Ser-108-Thr were not detected. Ser-436-Ala, Ala-437-Gly mutations of the dhps gene were found in 23.3% and 16.7%. Lys-540-Glu, Ala-581-Gly, Ala-613-Ser mutations and Phe-436 codon were not observed. The wild type dhfr and dhps isolates represented 53.3% and 66.7% of the analyzed sequences. The triple mutant dhfr and double mutant dhps were respectively 3.33% and 6.7%.This study provide baseline prevalence dhfr and dhps polymorphisms in Chad. Deployment of SP for IPTp should be encouraged in Chad, and the corresponding resistance markers be regularly monitored.

African Journal of Parasitology Research  ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (9), pp. 257-263, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Intestinal parasitic infections among prison inmates at theMACA – Maison-d’Arrêt-et de Correction d’Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Kiki-Barro PCM*¹,  Angora EK¹, Konaté A¹, Kassi FK^1,2, Vanga-Bosson H¹, Bedia-Tanoh AV¹, Djohan V¹, Yavo W¹, Menan EIH^1,2

¹Parasitology and Mycology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 01 BP V 34, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

²Center for the diagnosis and research on AIDS and other infectious diseases, Abidjan BP V 3 Côte d’Ivoire.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tél : +22507584947

Accepted 05 July, 2017

Abstract

Intestinal parasitic infection epidemiology in the Ivorian prisons is little documented. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites carriage at MACA. This cross-sectional study (January to July 2013) was carried out among 300 inmates aged 16 – 84 years. Single stool samples were collected and analyzed using the direct examination, the Kato-Katz and Baermann techniques. The overall prevalence of parasitic intestinal infections prevalence was 69.3%, (95%CI = 63.9 – 74.4). Regarding the intestinal protozoa, amoebas Entamœba coli-(54.0%) and Endolimax nana (6.0%) were the most encountered. Giardia intestinalis (1.4%) was the only flagellated found. Among helminths, hookworms (6.0%) was the predominant parasites, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (3.0%), Trichuristrichiura, (3.0%) and Strongyloïdesstercoralis, (0.7%). Prisoners under 45 years old (OR=2.2, 95%CI=1.2-4.3), illiterate inmates (OR=5.8, 95%CI=3.1-10.5), duration of incarceration (OR=5.6, 95%CI=3.2-9.9) were significant risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among prisoners in MACA. This study urges the setting up of a program to fight against the intestinal parasitic infections in the Ivorian prisons.

Keywords: Intestinal parasitic infections, prisons, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (10), pp. 264-270, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Schistosoma mansoni infection and hematological profile in an endemic foci in Western Burkina Faso

Hermann Sorgho¹*, Ollo Da², Toussaint Rouamba¹, Boubacar Savadogo³, Halidou Tinto¹, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo⁴

¹Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé - Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, 11 BP 218 Ouaga CMS 11, Burkina Faso.

²Centre Hospitalier Universitaire SouroSanou, 01 BP 676, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.

³Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé – Département BIOMED-SP, 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

⁴Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l’Ouest, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.

Accepted 29 October, 2017

*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Tel : +226 70117109

Abstract

Persistence of light infections of Schistosoma mansoni is common among individuals living in endemic settings despite the mass drug treatment with praziquantel. Therefore, it is of interest to understand the impact of S. mansoni on general health indicators such as hematological profile. In the present study, we investigated the impact of S. mansoni infection on complete blood counting an endemic foci in Western Burkina Faso. The results showed among schistosomiasis endemic population, in addition to anemia, participants having poor hematological profile had higher risk of being infected by S. mansoni (OR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.27 – 2.3; P = 0.0003). Conversely, S. mansoni positive subjects had a higher risk of harboring poor hematological profile (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.06 – 2.10; P = 0.023) when adjusted by age, gender and water contact. A longer follow-up would allow a better understanding of the long-term impact of schistosomiasis control program on important health indicators such as hematological profile.

Keywords: Schistosomiasis mansoni, hematological profile, ascending hierarchical clustering analysis.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (9), pp. 249-256, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Propagation in culture of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes clinical isolates and antiplasmodial activity of two medicinal plant extracts on parasitic growth

Beourou S¹*,Okou OC², Tuo K¹, Kamenan KCD², Gnondjui AA¹, Kouakou L¹, Attemene DSD³,   Penali L¹, Ronan Jambou^1,5, Djaman AJ^1,4,6

¹Laboratory of Malariology, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur of (Côte d’Ivoire),01 PO Box 490 Abidjan 01.

²Biochemistry-Microbiology Pedagogy Unit, University of Jean Lorougnon Guédé of Daloa, PO Box 150 Daloa

³Laboratory of Nutrition and Pharmacology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Felix

Houphouet Boigny,Côte d’Ivoire. 22 PO Box 582 Abidjan 22 (Côte d’Ivoire).

⁴Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacodynamy Faculty of Biosciences, University of Felix HouphouetBoigny, Côte d’Ivoire.22 PO Box 582 Abidjan 22 (Côte d’Ivoire).

⁵Institut Pasteur de Paris, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors

⁶Laboratory of Fundamental Biochemistry, Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire, 01 PO Box 490 Abidjan 01.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 27 September, 2017

Abstract

Key words: Gametocytes, Plasmodium falciparum, hematocrit, isolates, parasitaemia, antiplasmodial.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (8), pp. 244-248, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Eimeria species oocyst morphometry and prevalence of Infection in domesticated pigeon (Columba livia domestica) in Maiduguri Metropolis Borno State, Nigeria

Jonathan Joseph^{1, 2}, Wama Binga Emmanuel ², Vera Akwa Yafeh ², Ifeanyi Oscar Ndimkaoha Aguzie³*

¹Department of Biology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

²Department of Biology, Taraba State University, Taraba State, Nigeria.

³Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, P.O. Box 3146, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 03 October, 2017

Abstract

Prevalence of Emeria species among domesticated pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Maiduguri Metropolis was investigated. Floatation method was used to concentrate the coccidian oocysts using saturated sucrose solution. Sporulation technique was used to determine the size and morphological characteristics of the oocysts. Overall, 41 (40.6%) out of a total of 101 faecal samples examined were infected. Four parasite species under the genus Eimeria were isolated namely: E. columbae, E. tropicalis, E. columbarum, and E. labbeana; and at prevalence of 36.6%, 6.9%, 5.9% and 5.9% respectively. The difference in prevalence of the parasite species was significant (χ² = 76.577, p < 0.0001). Young pigeons were significantly more infected (53.1%) than adults (28.2%) (p < 0.05). E. tropicalis oocysts had the largest size (21.5µm by 20.5µm) followed by E. labbeana oocyst (16.5µm by 15.0µm). E. columbae had the longest sporulation time of 96 hours while E. labbeana had the shortest, 24 hours. This study provides information on the prevalence and veterinary significance of Eimeria oocysts of pigeons in Maiduguri Metropolis.

Keywords: Coccidian, Eimaria labbeana, Eimeria oocyst morphometry, sporulation time.