African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Boiler Flocks

H. Abo Al-Yazeed¹, Amani M. Marwan¹, Attia, A. M.², A. Samir¹, Ammar, A. M³

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza.

³Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.

Accepted 05 October, 2022

Abstract

Campylobacter is a worldwide infection which has been estimated it as the most significant economic burden by EFSA and ECDC in 2016. It caused mainly by either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli. Poultry are a natural reservoir for Campylobacter species, although it is insignificant for poultry health and is a leading cause of gastroenteritis for humans in developed and developing countries. The disease is endemic in Egypt and is a major cause for diarrhea in children. Good understanding of epidemiology and surveillance of Campylobacter will help in elimination and prevention of it among animals and humans. Many molecular typing techniques used to track the source of infection and reduce Campylobacter infection rate. To achieve that, 290 samples were collected from broiler flocks and slaughter market from Cairo governorate, Egypt. Bacteriological and molecular identification have been implemented based on genus and species level for C. jejuni then phylogenetic tree analysis of flaA gene to correlate the genetic relatedness and emphasize that chicken is the major source of infection.

Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, genotyping, flaA gene, short variable region, chicken, Human.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clostridium difficile infection- an overview on recurrences over two years

Alexandra Lacatusu^1*, Ioana Iordan¹, Carmen Manciuc^1,2

¹Sf. Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital Iasi, Romania.

²Grigore T. Popa ”University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania.

Accepted 20 November, 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading infectious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The annual rate of the recurrences can be over 100.000 cases and the costs per episode can be over 10.000 euros. Despite the prevention programs implemented in many countries, the rate of the infection continues to increase Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of recurrence of CDI in the patients admitted in “Sf Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital from Iasi, Romania over a period of 2 years (January 1^st 2017 to December 31^st 2018). Results: Of all the patients addmited in our hospital for CDI in 2017 and 2018, 30,56% were hospitalized for the recurrence of the infection. After analyzing the number of recurrence of the infection 64,89 % of the patients were at the first recurrence, over 19% had a second recurrence of the CDI and the rest, had a 3^rd to 6^th recurrence. Conclusion: CDI is still a big problem that causes a major burden on the healthcare system and also on the patient. Over 65% of the patients included in the study presented for the first recurrence of CDI, and the rest for second to sixth episode.

Keywords: Clostridium difficile infection, recurrence, treatment

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Major trends in the microbial etiology of urinary tract infection

Ioana Florina Mihai¹, Alexandra Georgiana Lacatusu^1*, Florina Filip-Ciubotaru^1,2, Carmen Dorobat¹, C. Romanescu¹, Carmen Manciuc^1,2

St. Parascheva Infectious Disease Hospital, Iasi.

Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi.

Accepted 16 October, 2022

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis is suggested by clinical findings (dysuria, pollakiuria) and confirmed by microbiological analysis of urine. Upon detection of pathogenic agents in the urine, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) should precede targeted antibiotic treatment. The growing prevalence of multiple resistant strains is a factor that poses serious challenges to antimicrobial therapy. Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate microbial resistance in patients with UTI’s at the St. Parascheva Infectious Disease Hospital in Iasi, Romania. Results: Frequently occurring infectious agents in the lot included gram negative bacteria (GNB), Enterococcus sp. and Candida sp. A percent of 37.8 % of strains were beta-lactamase releasing. The authors also noted increased gram negative bacteria resistance to beta-lactams. Conclusions: The bacteria isolated in decreasing order by frequency were: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcusand Enterobacter. In order to avoid the occurrence of pan-resistant strains, treatment should be preceded by AST and maintained for an adequate period of time.

Keywords: urinary tract infection, resistance, E. coli, beta-lactams.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 10 (10), pp. 001-015, October, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in an urban setting of perennial and intense malaria transmission in southern Côte d'Ivoire 

Issa YEO ^1,2*, Kigbafori Dieudonné SILUE^1,2, Aristide Berenger AKO³, Karim TUO³, Stéphane Tossea KOUI³, Edjronké Marc Alexis BENIÉ^1,2, Xavier C. DING⁴, Bassirou BONFOH², Offianan André TOURɳ, Allico Joseph DJAMAN^1,3, Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’GUETTA¹

¹Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

²Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

³Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

⁴FIND, Campus Biotech, 9 Ch. des Mines1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

Accepted 09, 2022 

Abstract

Malaria is the primary cause of clinical diagnostic examination and the major human pathology in tropical areas worldwide. In Côte d'Ivoire, it represents the principal cause of population death and studies focusing on better understanding the structure and the extent of genetic diversity among malaria pathogen strains, using molecular-based DNA markers are limited. This study was conducted to assess the pattern of genetic variability of malaria parasites and multiplicity of infection in a panel of 64 P. falciparum isolates, using msp-1 and msp-2 makers. Nested PCR methods used for the isolates genotyping showed high variability among pathogen strains with a total of 25 shared alleles. As msp-1 markers, K1 and MAD20 were highly polymorphic with five alleles each other. FC27 and 3D7 respectively detected 7 and 6 different allele-sizes for msp-2 markers. Furthermore, polyclonal infections were more frequent (92.20%) in infected patients and the mean value of He was 0.50 (msp-1) and 0.70 (msp-2). Relationships between MOI and patients’ age were poor but, parasitaemia only was correlated with IC50-QN (r= -0.236). Cluster analysis categorized the isolates into four main groups. The cluster 4 was only consisted of a single isolate (W634) genetically distinct from isolates within the other clusters. This study provides useful information that could be used as a guide for the currently implemented programs of malaria control strategies.

Keywords: Chemosensitivity, genotyping, markers, molecular, msp, MOI, Wassakara, Yopougon.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 10 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Distribution, antibiogram and multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from commercial poultry feeds in Nigeria

C. N. Ezekiel¹*, A. O. Olarinmoye², J. M. A. Oyinloye³, O. B. Olaoye¹ and A. O. Edun²

¹Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Nigeria.

²Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, P. M. B. 21244, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria.

³Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, P. M. B. 1030, Owo, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 January, 2022

Abstract

The increasing incidence of enterobacteriosis in poultry birds in Nigeria lately necessitated the study which aimed at enumerating the Enterobacteriaceae in 58 commercially available poultry feeds, studying their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, confirming plasmid as the determinants of resistance and tracing the relationship between multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates in the feed and those in morbid birds. Fifty-three enterobacteria belonging to 5 genera: Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia; were obtained from the feed samples. Escherichia coli was the most distributed enterobacteria in the feed types (80%). There was a significant (P<0.05) trend in overall percentage distribution of contaminating enterobacteria across feed types in the order: chick mash > broiler starter > broiler finisher > growers mash > layers mash. Augmentin, nitrofurantoin and amoxicillin showed the least overall potency (<30%) against all isolates while sensitivity to fluoroquinolones was above 70%. Multidrug (MD) resistance was limited to 32.1% of the isolates. The plasmid DNA profiles showed that 71.4% of the analyzed MDR strains possessed extrachromosomal determinants with relative sizes of 6.4 to 23.0 kb. The similarity studies showed that there was a direct relationship between MDR E. coli strains from the feed samples and those from morbid birds (S_i = 78.9%).

Key words: Enterobacteriaceae, poultry feed, antibiogram, multidrug resistance, plasmid.