African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and intensity of nodular oesophagostomosis in West African Long Legged goats in Northern Benin

Sahidou Salifou¹, Dadjo Florian Daga² and Sabbas Attindehou¹*

¹Laboratory of Applied Biology Research, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, Benin.

²Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin.

Accepted 08 December, 2019

Abstract

This study was conducted between January and December, 2011 to assess the prevalence and intensity of nodular lesions caused by Oesophagostomum species into the intestine of Benin goats. Intestines of 384 West African Long Legged (WALL) goats, from Northern Benin, were examined during slaughter, and 241 intestines (62.8%) were found to be positive for nodular lesions. The infection rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during the rainy season in comparison with dry season. Animals above one year of ages were mostly affected (82.5%). Extensive lesions were observed in 95 large intestines (24.9%) and calcified nodules were observed in 130 intestines (34%).

Key words: Oesophagostomum species, nodules, goats, prevalence, Northern Benin.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antiparasitic effects of the water extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) against some gastrointestinal nematodes in West African Long Legged goats

Sahidou SALIFOU¹, Dadjo Florian DAGA², Sabbas ATTINDEHOU¹*, Rodolph DEGUENON¹ and Cyprien Félix BIAOU¹

¹Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, Bénin.

²Département de Production Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.

Accepted 05 November, 2019

Abstract

An in vivo test was undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy of an aqueous extract of leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioïdes against nematode parasites in goats. The study used fifteen naturally infected West African Long Legged goats (Capra hircus) from Northern Benin. Three levels (1, 2 or 4 ml/kg body weight/3 days treatment) of concentration of the herbal drug were administrated to three experimental groups and in comparison with two control groups (one without treatment and the other treated with levamisole as a reference drug). Results showed significant (P<0.001) decrease of faecal strongyle eggs in experimental groups. After three days of treatment, the reduction in the rate of egg shedding was over 70% in animals treated with herbal medicine, whereas egg shedding rates remained the same in the non treated group. The rates of reduction in faecal eggs reached almost 100% in few days (5 to 6 days) among treated animals without a significant dose-dependent effect. Moreover, helminthological autopsy performed on the study animals after treatment showed an almost total absence of worms. C. ambrosioïdes aqueous extract exerted a kind of parasite clearing effect in the abomasums and in the small intestine. This indicates the effectiveness of the herbal extract against gastrointestinal parasitic. The lowest dosage of 1 ml/kg body weight for three days treatment was found to be appropriate and prescriptive. No acute toxicity was recorded and the autopsy of internal organs revealed only rare cases of congestion and petechiae on the liver and lungs in animals treated with 4 ml/kg body weight.

Key words: Goats, gastrointestinal nematodes, controlling, herbal medicine, Chenopodium ambrosioïdes.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Feeding habits of culicine mosquitoes in the Cameroon lowland forests based on stable isotopes and blood meal analyses

Kevin Yana Njabo¹*, Thomas B Smith^1,2 and Elizabeth Yohannes³

¹Center for Tropical Research UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Los Angeles CA USA.

²Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

³University of Constance, Limnological Institute, Stable Isotope Laboratory,Mainaustr 252, D-78464, Germany.

Accepted 10 November, 2019

Abstract

Mosquito blood feeding behavior is a very significant component of pathogen transmission and determinant of disease epidemiology. Yet, knowledge of foraging ecology of mosquitoes often depends on the presence of undigested blood in the mosquito mid gut. Approximately 36 h after feeding, the blood meal is sufficiently digested to make identification by molecular techniques difficult, leaving a very narrow window in which these methods can be utilized. Here, we investigated the feeding habits of wild caught culicine mosquitoes from four genera, Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia and Mansonia of the lowland rainforests of Cameroon based on the isotopic ratios of nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), carbon (δ¹³C) and sulfur (δ³⁴S). Results showed that unfed mosquitoes had a lower δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and middle δ³⁴S values than mosquitoes fed with δ¹³C appearing to be the best element to differentiate between mosquito species that fed on different host species. Isotopic analyses show that the different mosquito genera may be separated based on their diets, suggesting that linking stable isotope-based assays and DNA analysis may be a powerful new tool to investigate mosquito feeding ecology and the dynamics of vector-borne pathogens.

Key words: Carbon (δ¹³C), nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), sulfur (δ³⁴S), isotope, feeding habits, mosquitoes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Key words: Malaria, prevalence, pregnancy, women.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relationship between the presence of kdr and Ace-1 mutations and the infection with Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles gambiae s.s. in Benin

Razaki Ossè^1,2*, Virgile Gnanguenon¹, Michel Sèzonlin ², Rock Aïkpon^1,2, Gil Padonou^1,2, Anges Yadouléton¹ and Martin C. Akogbéto^1,2

¹Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin.

²Faculte des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université d’Abomey Calavi, Benin.

Accepted 14 November, 2019

Abstract

Several published reports have been devoted to insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Africa. However, there are still not enough published reports about the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission. In this study, we proposed to investigate the presence of the circum-sporozoite antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in A. gambiae carrying kdr and Ace-1 genes. A. gambiae (3,112) were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), circum-sporozoite protein (CSP) test. The DNA from these samples was extracted and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using kdr and Ace-1 markers. We used Chi-square statistical test to determine the relationship between the resistance genotypes and the rates of infections with P. falciparum. The results showed that the kdr allele was found at a very high frequency (0.80 on average) in the 14 populations of A. gambiae s.s. sampled inspite of their molecular forms (M or S). The Ace-1 gene was also observed in some localities, but at a low frequency (0.3 on average). The ELISA-CSP tests performed on parous females carrying the kdr gene showed that there was no significant difference between the allele frequencies of infected and non-infected females. kdr and Ace-1 resistance genes did not affect the A. gambiae s.s. infection with P. falciparum.

Key words: Resistance, mutation, P. falciparum, circum-sporozoite protein (CSP).

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Seroprevalence and risk factors of neosporosis in women attending antenatal care and in domestic carnivores in Dakar city, Senegal

COULIBALY Fatoumata¹, NDIAYE Jean Louis^2*, NDOUR Andree Prisca³, Aka N’da A; David⁴  KONE S. Philippe³, ADJE Koffi Jean François³,  ALLANONTO Victor³, TOMO Effoua Natacha³, KAMGA-WALADJO Alain³, GBATI Oubri Bassa³, BAKOU Serge N.⁵, BONFOH Bassirou⁶

¹University Peleforo Gon Coulibaly – Ivory Coast; ²University of Thies Senegal; ³EISMV: Inter-State School of Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Dakar-Senegal; ⁴University Felix-Houphouët-Boigny-Ivory Coast; ⁵University Nagui Abrogua Ivory Coast; ⁶AfriqueOne / CSRS - Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Accepted 19 December, 2019

Abstract 

The objective of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence of neosporosis due to Neospora caninum as well as the associated risk factors in women attending antenatal consultations and in domestic carnivore in the Dakar region, Senegal. For this purpose, 100 blood samples among women in Ante Natal Clinics (ANC), 141 in the dog’s group, and 113 among the  cats were collected and were examined by using ELISA. Regarding risk factors acquisition, a questionnaire was associated with each sample, and obtained data were compiled. The R Commander software was used for statistical analysis. In women attending ANC, overall seroprevalence rate was 17 ± 7.3%. Forty-three percent (43%) had reported an abortion and 14% of them were positive of neosporosis. In multivariate analysis, only the consumption of grilled meat predisposed to neosporosis (OR = 3.38 and p = 0.021). Among the animals’ group, the serological test showed a prevalence rate of 42.55 ± 8% in dogs and 60.1 ± 9% in cat’s groups. More research on Neospora caninum need to be explored and its relationships with pregnant women particularly those with repetitive miscarriages.

Keywords: Neosporosis, seroprevalence, risk factors, pregnant women, domestic carnivores, Senegal.