African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 353-359, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of epidemiological status of the human blood and gastro-intestinal parasites in Edo state

R. M. Mordi* and Paul Obele Acha Ngwodo

University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, P. M. B 1111, Benin City, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 13 January, 2017

Abstract

A four-year study to determine the prevalence of both blood and gastro-intestinal parasites of man was done in all the eighteen local government areas of Edo State, Nigeria. The study, which commenced in January of 2000, ended in December of 2004. Of the 136,360 samples examined, 1000 that is 0.7% had parasites. A total of eleven parasites species were identified. A seasonal pattern of parasitic infection was noted with a high prevalence in the rainy (wet) season months of April to November and a low prevalence in the dry season months of December to March. The prevalence was significantly higher in September, October and November at 22, 10 and 10% respectively (P<0.05); than other months of the year. February had the least prevalence of 10%. The local government areas in the rain-forest zone, south of the state had significantly higher prevalence than the local government areas in the grassland, north of the state (P<0.05). Of the eleven parasite species observed in the study, Ascaris lumbricoides and Plasmodium falciparum had the highest prevalence of 30 and 35%, respectively. Hookworm parasites, Trichuris triciura and Strongyloides stercoralis had the prevalence of 10, 7 and 1%, respectively. The protozoans, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia had prevalence of 6, 4 and 3% respectively. Schistosoma haematobium , Loa loa and Enterobius vermicularis had the least prevalence of 2, 1 and 1%, respectively. With the exception of S. haematobium, E. vermicularis, and L. loa, which occurred in few local government areas, the other eight parasite species were encountered in all the local government areas. There was a higher prevalence of parasitic infections in this study than in the hospital records in the state.

Key words: Blood, gastro-intestinal, parasites, and infection in Edo state.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 327-330, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Occurrence of parasites of pigeons in Morogoro Municipality of Tanzania

P. L. M. Msoffe^1*, A. P. Muhairwa¹, G. H. Chiwanga² and A. A. Kassuku³

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture,

P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania.

²Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Veterinary Investigation Centre, Southern Highlands, P. O. Box 290

Iringa, Tanzania.

³Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of

Agriculture, P. O. Box 3019, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 06 July, 2017

Abstract

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of parasites of domestic pigeons in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. 100 nestlings and 100 adult pigeons were examined for the presence of ecto and endoparasites. 159 pigeons (79.5%) were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal helminthes, 124 (62%) had one or more ectoparasites and 74 (37%) were infected with haemoparasites. The 3 subfamilies represented two cestodes and one nematode, whereas no trematodes were found. Three species of helminthes Raillietina tetragona (6%), Raillietina echinobothrida (63%) and Ascaridia galli (15.5%) were identified. Three different species of ectoparasites (Pseudolynchia canariensis (61.5%), Menocanthus stramineus (0.5%) and Menopon gallinae (0.5%), and 1 haemoparasite species Haemoproteus columbae were identified. Prevalence of gastrointestinal worms was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in adults than in nestlings. Nestlings appeared to be less susceptible to gastrointestinal cestodes but more susceptible to nematodes compared with adults. P. canariensis were found in both nestlings and adults pigeons while M. stramineus and M. gallinae were found in adult only. Prevalence of ectoparasites was not statistically significant (P < 1) between the two age groups. The prevalence of H. columbae was statistically higher (P < 0.001) in adults. Further studies are recommended in assessing the effects of the parasites on the pigeons’ health and production.

Key words: Pigeons, free-range, gastrointestinal helminthiasis, prevalence.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 331-337, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Copepod parasitic richness, specificity and host epidemiological characters of infestation parameters

Chahinez Boualleg¹, Hadda Ferhati¹, Nouha Kaouachi¹, Mourad Bensouilah¹ and Sonia Ternengo²

¹Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Milieux Marins et Littoraux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP:

12 El- Hadjar, Annaba 23000, Algérie.

²Laboratoire (Parasites et écosystèmes méditerranéens), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 06 January, 2017

Abstract

The examination of the gills of 960 fishes belonging to four species: Diplodus annularis, Pagellus erythrinus, Lithognatus mormyrus and Mullus barbatus collected from the Gulf of Annaba, enabled us to identify 13 species of parasitic copepods: Caligus ligusticus, Caligus diaphanus, Clavellotis sp, Clavellotis sargi, Clavellotis pagri, Clavellotis strumosa, Lernaeolophus sultanus, Hatschekia pagellibogneravei, Hatschekia sp, Hatschekia mulli, Sparidicola lithognathi, Neobrachiella exigua and Alella macrotrachelus. The distribution of copepods identified, varies from one host species to another and one season to another. P. erythrinus and L. mormyrus present the important number of copepods species. However, the winter presents the highest parasitic diversity (13). Furthermore, the majority of oixenous species are counted. The rates of most values are recorded in summer (33%) and spring (25%). It is also, D. annularis which shelters more of the 2/3 population of copepods collected. The copepod H. pagellibogneravei is the most abundant. The evaluation of parasitic indices shows that, it is during the summer and spring that the maximum values are recorded.

Key words: Copepod gills, Gulf of Annaba, teleost fish, season.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 348-352, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of the current level of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in N’Djamena, Chad Republic

M. A. Hamit¹, M. T. Tidjani ¹ and C.F. Bilong Bilong²*

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of N’Djamena, Chad.

²Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Po Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon.

*Corresponding author. E- mail: bilong_bilong @yahoo.com

Accepted 04 July, 2017

Abstract

This cross sectional study assessed the prevalence of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in N’Djamena, Chad Republic, and determined the main epidemiological transmission factors of these pathogens in order to develop efficient control strategies of intestinal parasites. Four hundred and sixty two randomly selected persons, from eight quarters (administrative districts), of age less than one year to seventy six years old of both sexes, were examined in N’Djamena town. Out of the 462 samples, 235 (51%) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. The prevalences of the eight (8) parasite species detected were: Entamoeba histolytica (30%), Hymenolepis nana (13%), Ascaris lumbricoides (10%), Trichomonas hominis (6%), Giardia intestinalis (3%), hookworm (0.5%), and Schistosoma mansoni (0.2%). These pathogens appeared mostly in single infections. The quarters with higher infection indices were those that experienced floods (Abena and Chagoua) and where people do not use latrines (Naga and Goudji). The population customs and the environmental conditions in N’Djamena still favour high faecal- oral transmission of intestinal parasites.

Key words: Prevalence, Intestinal Parasites, Protozoans, Helminths, N’Djamena, Chad.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 343-347, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Preservation and protection of the biosphere resources in order to increase productivity to feed the world population

Dibong Siegfried Didier¹*, Mony Ruth², Ndiang Zenabou¹, Ondoua Joseph Marie¹, Boussim Issaka Joseph³, Bilong Bilong⁴ and Amougou Akoa⁵

¹Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

²Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

³Laboratory of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Ouagadougou 03, P. O Box 848, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

⁴Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.

⁵Department of Biology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 09 June, 2017

Abstract

In Central Africa sub region, Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) S. Balle (Loranthaceae) is better adapted to the conditions of environment modified by man. This species causes often considerable loss of harvests. Struggle methods used in the littoral region of Cameroon against P. capitata are manual removal of tufts and the “ethephon” chemical struggle. Impacts of these promising struggle methods used are discussed. Agroecology which favours fauna and flora of all in improving the agricultural productions is proposed for the sustainable development.

Key words: Phragmanthera capitata, struggle methods, impacts, agroecology.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 323-326, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of  the causative agent(s) of necrotic entritis disease outbreaks on chicken farms in Cairo, Egypt

*Fahmy Hossam¹, Helmy Saleh² and Zazou Makhioun²

¹Microbiology and Immunology dept, National research centre, Giza, Egypt.

²Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Egypt.

Accepted 25 July 2017

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

During the winter of 2006, outbreaks of severe entritis affected many broiler farms in the AL-Fayoum governorate, south of Cairo, Egypt. To identify the causative agent(s), bacterial isolates (14) from the diseased chickens were characterized phenotypically and biochemically. All isolates exhibited characteristics of Clostridium perfringens. Subsequently, molecular typing of the bacterial isolates was performed by multiplex PCR using four sets of primers specific for the genes encoding the C. perfringens , , and toxins, respectively. A single amplicon, corresponding in size to the alpha ( ) toxin-encoding gene (approximately 402 bp), was amplified from all the bacterial isolates. It was therefore concluded that only C. perfringens type A was responsible for the disease outbreaks.

Key words: Clostridium perfringens- necrotic entritis – broiler chicken – multiplex PCR.