ISSN 2756-3391
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial activity of Satureja bakhtiarica bung essential oil against some human pathogenic bacteria
Mohammad Ahanjan1, Javad Ghaffari1*, Ghasem Mohammadpour2, Mohtaram Nasrolahie1, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas1 and Araz Mohammad Mirabi1
1Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
2Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran.
Accepted 15 July, 2019
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major problem in humans; as such, replacing the chemical drugs used against them with plant drugs is an important research. Here, the chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of the essential oils obtained from Satureja bakhtiarica bung against ten human pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. Chemical compositions of essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Antibacterial activity of essential oil was evaluated by well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the macrodilution method. The GC-MS spectrums showed 13 compounds, in which the highest chemical composition was related to phenol (37.36%), thymol (22.65%) and p-cymen (19.29%) compounds. The essential oil of Satureja bakhtiarica bung showed good activity against all tested bacteria, except for Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, which is possibly due to the high levels of phenol in their compositions. The MIC and MBC values of the bacterial strains sensitive to the essential oil were in the ranges of 0.8 to 25 and 50 to 100 mg/ml, respectively. However, the essential oil of Satureja bakhtiarica bung is a suitable plant drug against human pathogenic bacteria.
Key words: Satureja bakhtiarica, antibacterial, essential oil.
Mohammad Ahanjan, Ghasem Mohammadpour, Mohtaram Nasrolahie, Javad Ghaffari*, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas and Araz Mohammad Mirabi
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Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biological screening of microbes isolated from soil of ex-tin mining land in Kampar Area
Ong, K. Y.1, Chin, H. S.2 and Teo, K. C.1*
1Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak D.R., Malaysia.
2Science and Technology Innovation Center, Microbiology Laboratory, Ansell Shah Alam Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia.
Accepted 26 September, 2019
Abstract
Soil samples from ex-tin mining area located in proximity to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar campus was collected and cultured on nutrient agar plates. The morphological characteristics including basic staining, Gram staining and endospore staining of five selected isolates (SL1-5) were studied. All isolates had circular shape, opaque appearance and smooth surface. SL1, SL2 and SL3 were Gram-positive bacilli and endospore formers. SL4 and SL5 were Gram-negative cocci. The sensitivity test towards 17 types of antibiotics was carried out using the disc diffusion method. SL2, SL3 and SL4 were multidrug-resistant isolates. Prominently, SL4 was resistant to 10 types of antibiotics. Antibacterial activity against 11 types of bacteria was also evaluated. SL1 was found to produce antibacterial agent that inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Protease, α-amylase, lipase and another 19 types of enzyme activity were screened using enzymatic assay and API ZYM kit assay. All isolates had proteolytic and lipolytic activities. SL1, SL2 and SL5 were able to produce protease enzyme whereas SL4 was able to produce phospholipase enzyme. In API ZYM assay, all isolates were able to produce esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8) and leucine arylamidase (Leu). However, α-amylase producer was absent. Further studies will be carried out to identify the species of all isolates.
Key words: Nutrient agar (NA), multidrug-resistant, disc diffusion, antibacterial assay, enzymatic assay.
H. S and Teo, K. Y., Chin , Ong , K. C.*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of latex of euphorbia antiquorum
Sumathi, S.*, Malathy, N., Dharani, B., Sivaprabha, J., Hamsa, D., Radha, P. and Padma, P. R.
Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Accepted 20 July, 2019
Abstract
Euphorbia antiquorum is a large shrub or small tree belonging to the largest and the most diverse family in the plant kingdom, Euphorbiaceae. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of latex of E. antiquorum on certain microbes. The methanolic extract of the latex was prepared. The extracts were tested for their antibacterial activity against some Gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia and antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor indicus. The results revealed that the latex showed minimum inhibition only to E. coli and S. flexneri. Latex did posses a strong antifungal activity against deadly pathogens namely C. albicans, A. flavus, A. fumigatus and not to Rhizopus Mucor. The results suggest that the E. antiquorum latex extract account both for the antibacterial and antifungal properties and has a potential for use as an antimicrobial agent.
Key words: Euphorbia antiquorum, pathogenic micro organisms antibacterial, antifungal.
B. , Sumathi , Malathy , Hamsa , Radha , N. , Dharani , J. , Sivaprabha , P. R., D. , S.* , P. and Padma
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Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphyloccocus aureus isolates from patients undergoing tonsillectomy in Malaysian University Hospital
Saad Alasil1, Rahmat Omar1*, Salmah Ismail2, Mohd Yasim Yusof3 and Mahmood Ameen2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
3Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 21 October, 2019
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic tonsillitis (CT) and recurrent tonsillitis (RT) are common problems seen in any otolaryngology clinic. Antibiotic therapy usually fails to prevent the recurrences of these infections leaving the patient with no choice but surgery (tonsillectomy). This study aims to identify the bacteriology of both tonsillar swabs and biopsies specimens among children and adult patients diagnosed with CT and RT (infected tonsils). In addition to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) (non-infected tonsils) all undergoing elective tonsillectomy and to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the most common isolate. A total number of 138 surgically removed palatine tonsils were collected from 72 patients. Six types of antibiotics were selected to test the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates which are methicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, clindamycin and fusidic acid. The most common isolate was S. aureus (190 isolatre) followed by Haemophilus influenza (83), Streptococcus Group B (61), Haemophilus parainfluenza (33), Klebsiella pneumoniae (32), Streptococcus Group G (29), Streptococcus Group F (14), Streptococcus Group C (12), Pseudomonas aeruginosae (10) and Streptococcus Group A (9) and Streptococcus Group A (9). The number of S. aurues isolates in infected tonsils (RT and CT) was 145 (76.3%) while in non-infected tonsils (OSA and TH) was 45 (23.6%). Three susceptibility patterns were found among S. aureus isolates in all cases, (89.4%) susceptible to all the selected antibiotics, (10.6%) resistant to fusidic acid only, whereas 0.5% resistant to both methicillin and fusidic acid. There was a 30.5% difference in the type of bacterial isolates between tonsillar swab and biopsies. The high prevalence of S. aureus in patients with both infected and non-infected tonsils suggests that this bacterium might not be the aetiological agent of chronic and recurrent tonsillitis. In addition, the high susceptibility rate of methicilin among S. aurues isolates could be due to the fact that S. aurues represents part of the oropharynx normal flora. The increased rate of resistance 10.6% to fusidic acid among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates makes this antibiotic a less potential drug of choice for patients with chronic and recurrent tonsillitis.
Key words: Antibiotic susceptibility, Staphylococcus aureus, tonsillectomy, swab and biopsy.
Saad Alasil, Rahmat Omar*, Salmah Ismail, Mohd Yasim Yusof and Mahmood Ameen
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-009, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of some wild Aspergillus species for cellulase production and characterization
M. F. Begum1* and A. R. Alimon1,2
1Laboratory of animal production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia 43400-UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 19 April, 2020
Abstract
Fifteen Aspergillus species were used to evaluate their potentialities for cellulase production under submerged fermentation. The isolates were grown on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar medium for detection of cellulase activity and Aspergillus oryzae S/92Gbr exhibited maximum clear zone (40 mm) around the colony. Protein content and cellulase activity of the filtrates were determined and biomass was harvested from the culture. All the species produced significant (p<0.05) amount of reducing sugar and protein; and showed correlation with protein content and reducing sugar level. Biomass did not show correlation with increase of cellulase activity. In all cases maximum β-glucosidase exhibited compare to FPase and isolate A. oryzae S/92Gbr showed the highest β-glucosidase (2.5 U/ml), CMCase (2.4 U/ml), Avicilase (2.1 U/ml) and FPase (1.5 U/ml) activity. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme estimated as 5 and 45°C, respectively and th e highest activity ranges around at pH 4-6 and 40-50°C. The highest activity was observed after 7 day s of incubation at pH 5.6 and 28°C when CMC was used as substrate. The enzyme activity strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ag+ and K+ and increased by Mg2+ and Mn2+ about 40%. The Km values estimated as O.44, 0.48, 0.54 and 0.74% by A. oryzae S/92Gbr, Aspergillus flavus S/23Ogr, Aspergillus cervinus S15/Pf and Aspergillus ochraceus S/56Y, respectively that revealed the enzyme contained good reducing sugar releasing capacity.
Key words: Aspergillus spp., protein, biomass, cellulase activity, Km value.
A. R. Alimon, M. F. Begum*
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimize culture conditions for biomass and sporulation of the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia, isolate HSY-12-14 by “two-step” cultivation
Li Gao
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 17 January, 2020
Abstract
Biomass yields and sporulation of Pochonia chlamydosporia isolate HSY-12-14 was concerned on culture conditions including culture method, nutritional requirements together with environmental factors in this study. We optimized them for biomass yields of P. chlamydosporia HSY-12-14 with the “two-step” cultivation method as well as orthogonal matrix method: firstly cultured spore suspension on the basal medium (sucrose 19.00 g, soy peptone 4.06 g, K2HPO4 1.00 g, KCl 0.50 g, MgSO4 0.50 g, FeSO4 0.01 g and 17.00 g Bactor) for the first stage culture of 4 days under room condition, then transferred them to another defined medium (sucrose 19.05 g, soypeptone 0.01 g, ZnSO4 7H2O 0.05 g/L, MnSO4 H2O 0.05 g/L, H3BO4 0.05 g/L and 17.00 g Bactor) for more 4 days cultivation, together with the environmental factors combination of water potential -3.9 MPa /pH 4 /24 h light cycle/23°C for biomass yields. We optimized the best culture conditions for sporulation of P. chlamydosporia under water potential -1.2 MPa /pH 4 /24 h light cycle/32°C wit h the same nutrition for biomass yields. These results is characterized in that it supplies the composition of media and environmental suitable for the mass production and provide important information industrialization of this great potential biocontrol fungus.
Key words: Nutrition, environment, sporulation, biological control, mass selection.
Li Gao
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