ISSN 2756-3391
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-011, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seroprevalence and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii in human and animal populations in a village in southeast Gabon
1, 2Ngoubangoye B.1Akue JP*.1,3,4Makouloutou P, 1Bisvigou U
1Laboratory of Parasitology, International Center for Medical Research of Franceville (CIRMF), Gabon.
2Ecole Inter - Etat de Médicine Vétérinaire, Dakar, Sénégal.
3Université Cheick Anta Diop, Département de Parasitologie, Dakar Sénégal.
4Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, B.P. 13354 Libreville/Gabon.
Accepted 11 May, 2018
Abstract
The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in animals and humans sharing the same biotope was examined, to determine the means of controlling this parasite in the tropical ecosystem. Humans (n=198) and animals (n=369) were tested simultaneously for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. Human samples were tested using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), while animal samples were analysed using the agglutination test. A bioassay using Swiss mice for testing strain virulence was also performed. Two people had IgM, the IgG isotype were found in 73.23% of humans, 92.85% of cats, 58.82% of dogs, 46.42% of chickens, 87.05% of goats and sheep, 6.66% of house rodents, 10.20% of wild rodents and 38.8% for bush meat consumed by villagers. A subsequent bioassay showed that one strain derived from chickens and one from small ruminants induced ascites in mice, while nine strains isolated from chickens and nine from small ruminants were asymptomatic despite the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in 95% of infected mice. These results suggest that the strains circulating in this environment might be complex. The high seroprevalence observed is associated with domestic cats and the spread of this parasite is due to the mode of management of domestic animals.
Key words: Biotope, T. gondii, circulation, IgG, virulence, Gabon.
Akue JP, * Makouloutou P and Bisvigou U, Ngoubangoye B
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in a rural community of central Mexico
Diego Emiliano Jimenez-Gonzalez1, Karina Marquez-Rodriguez1, Jose Maria Rodriguez2, Xavier Gonzales3, Joe Oxford3, Roland Sanchez3, Simon Kawa-Karasik1, Ana Flisser4 and Pablo Maravilla1*
1Department of Molecular Epidemiology, General Hospital “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Mexico 14080 DF, Mexico.
2State Ministry of Health, Morelos Mexico.
3International Program, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX.
4Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 04510 DF, Mexico.
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
Inhabitants of a rural community in Mexico were analyzed for intestinal parasites, 34% of the 115 people studied were positive by Faust’s technique; stream water was also analyzed for parasites, 4/7 sites were positive and these were located near the natural source of drinking water. A questionnaire with social, health and demographic variables was applied to heads of households in search of associations with intestinal parasites. Statistical significant data were having had parasites in the past, being less than 13 years of age and eating unwashed food. A dendogram of Euclidian distances showed two clades; one associated to protection and the other one to risk. Unfortunately, the prevalence of protozoa found in the present study has not changed from previous reports obtained in other rural communities of central Mexico. Our results suggest that health authorities should incorporate health education, anti-protozoa drugs and clean natural water sources as part of the control programs.
Key words: Community study, intestinal parasites, rural Mexico.
Jose Maria Rodriguez, Joe Oxford3, Roland Sanchez, Ana Flisser and Pablo Maravilla*, Diego Emiliano Jimenez-Gonzalez, Xavier Gonzales, Simon Kawa-Karasik, Karina Marquez-Rodriguez
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Relative abundance of adult female anopheline mosquitoes in Ugah, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Ayanda, Opeyemi Isaac
Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.:+2348030661295.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A study on the relative abundance of malaria vectors was investigated in Ugah, Nasarawa state, Nigeria between January and December 2004. A total of 2,276 mosquitoes were collected. The mosquitoes comprise three species - Anopheles gambiae sl, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles ardensis. Of the anophelines, Anopheles gambiae sl is the most abundant that is, 1087(47.76%) followed by Anopheles funestus and Anopheles ardensis with abundances of 863(37.92%) and 326(14.32%) respectively. Female anophelines were 1,670(73.37%). There was a significant difference in the relative abundance of mosquitoes with respect to season (P < 0.05). A number of factors (awareness, culture, proximity to water bodies) appear to be responsible for the abundance of the mosquitoes. The result suggests that concerted efforts should be made by stakeholders at reducing the abundance of malaria vectors in the rural areas in order to prevent outbreak.
Key words: Relative abundance, mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae sl, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles ardensis.
Ayanda , Opeyemi Isaac
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and impact of Albendazole on parasitic indices in Kotto Barombi and Marumba II villages (South-West Cameroon)
L. Nkengazong1, F. Njiokou1*, S. Wanji2,3, F. Teukeng1, P. Enyong2 and T. Asonganyi4
1Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
2Research Foundation of Tropical Diseases and Environment, P.O. Box 474 Buea, Cameroon.
3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
4Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
This study assessed the actual prevalence of geohelminths and the impact of albendazole on parasitic indices in Kotto Barombi and Marumba II. Stools samples were collected from 420 school children and examined using the Kato-katz faecal technique. Participants were treated with 600 mg of albendazole. Baseline prevalence of infections and mean parasite loads were 26.4% and 6226.9e/g (Ascaris lumbricoides), 31.0% and 252.4 e/g (Trichuris trichiura), and 1.4% and 468.0e/g (Necator americanus). Four children (0.9%) were infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. A significant difference of prevalence was observed between the two villages for A. lumbricoides (P = 0.0001) and T. trichiura (P = 0.0005), and parasite loads for T. trichiura (P = 0.0001). Single infection (T. trichiura or A. lumbricoides) and double infection (A. lumbricoides - T. trichiura) were more prevalent. Post treatment control showed a decrease of prevalence and mean parasite load to 24.4% and 2969.5e/g (A. lumbricoides), and 24.0% and 112.8e/g (T. trichiura), and 0.0% for N. americanus and S. stercoralis. Efficacy and egg reduction rates were 84.6% and 55.3% (T. trichiura), 82.0% and 52.2% (A. lumbricoides), and 100.0% for N. americanus and S. stercoralis. These results suggest that geohelminths infections remain a serious health problem in school children in Kotto Barombi focus.
Key words: School children, geohelminth, prevalence, parasite load, albendazole, drug efficacy, Kotto Barombi, Marumba II, Cameroon.
S. Wanji, F. Njiokou*, F. Teukeng, L. Nkengazong, P. Enyong and T. Asonganyi
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Parasitism of host trees by the Loranthaceae in the region of Douala (Cameroon)
Dibong Siegfried Didier1*, Din Ndongo1, Priso Richard Jules1, Taffouo Victor Desiré1, Fankem Henri1, Salle Georges2 and Amougou Akoa3
1 The University of Douala, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology P. O. Box. 24157 Douala-Cameroon.
2The Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris IV), Laboratoire de Parasitologie végétale, 4 place Jussieu, case courrier 155, 75252 Paris cedex 05 (France).
3The University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, .P. O. Box. 812 Yaoundé-Cameroon.
Accepted 14 January, 2019
Abstract
The Loranthaceae constitute the most important parasite plants that cause variable damages: morphological, technological, ecological and socio-economic. These numerous and damaging effects make some parasitic angiosperms true agronomic threats, especially in developing countries.The Loranthaceae is represented in Cameroon by 26 species gathered into 7 genus. The study area includes four sites: a traditional plantation of Cola nitida situated at Penja (70 km Nord of Douala), the main road to Douala airport, one quarter (Logbessou) and Makondo village (80 km East of Douala) in an orchard dominated by Citrus. A total of 2643 individuals of DBH (diameter at breast height) greater or equal to 5 cm were inventoried. 637 individuals were parasitized. Eight known species were identified. Phragmanthera capitata is more frequent and more abundant (76.14%). The infested host trees belong to 16 species gathered into 12 genus and 10 families. The most parasitized host family is Sterculiaceae. The most sensitive host species to the parasitism of Loranthaceae is P. americana (21.51%), followed by C. nitida (17.27%) and Terminalia mantaly (13.65%). Lauraceae is infested by 7 Loranthaceae out of 8 parasites investigated. The consequences of the parasitism of the Loranthaceae demonstrate the need for establishing comprehensive ecosystem management programs.
Key words: Host trees, inventory, Loranthaceae, parasites plants.
Dibong Siegfried Didier*, Taffouo Victor Desiré, Din Ndongo, Salle Georges and Amougou Akoa, Priso Richard Jules, Fankem Henri
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recent data on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in N’Djamena, Chad Republic
M. A. Hamit1, M. T. Tidjani1 and C.F. Bilong Bilong2*
1Faculty of Medicine, University of N’Djamena, Chad.
2Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Po Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Accepted 19 November, 2018
Abstract
This cross sectional study assessed the prevalence of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in N’Djamena, Chad Republic, and determined the main epidemiological transmission factors of these pathogens in order to develop efficient control strategies of intestinal parasites. Four hundred and sixty two randomly selected persons, from eight quarters (administrative districts), of age less than one year to seventy six years old of both sexes, were examined in N’Djamena town. Out of the 462 samples, 235 (51%) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. The prevalences of the eight (8) parasite species detected were: Entamoeba histolytica (30%), Hymenolepis nana (13%), Ascaris lumbricoides (10%), Trichomonas hominis (6%), Giardia intestinalis (3%), hookworm (0.5%), and Schistosoma mansoni (0.2%). These pathogens appeared mostly in single infections. The quarters with higher infection indices were those that experienced floods (Abena and Chagoua) and where people do not use latrines (Naga and Goudji). The population customs and the environmental conditions in N’Djamena still favour high faecal- oral transmission of intestinal parasites.
Key words: Prevalence, Intestinal Parasites, Protozoans, Helminths, N’Djamena, Chad.
M. A. Hamit, M. T. Tidjani and C.F. Bilong Bilong*
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