ISSN 2756-3391
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Inhibitory effect of Cytisus nigricans L. and Cytisus capitatus Scop. on growth of bacteria
Olgica Stefanovic*and Ljiljana Comic
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
Accepted 26 October, 2019
Abstract
In vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extract from Cytisus nigricans and Cytisus capitatus and their synergistic interaction with gentamicin and cephalexin were studied. Antibacterial efficacy of the extracts was defined by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The values were in the range from 1.25 mg/ml to >20 mg/ml. The most sensitive bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Herb-drug interactions tested by checkerboard method and expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index showed indifferent and synergistic effects. Synergism was observed only in combination between antibiotics and ethanol, ethyl acetate extract of C. nigricans. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/4 MIC, 1/8 MIC) of the extracts the activity of gentamicin and cephalexin were increased up to 16-fold. The highest amount of flavonoids was measured in acetone extracts while the highest amount of total phenols had ethanol extract of C. nigricans and acetone extract of C. capitatus.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, Cytisus nigricans, Cytisus capitatus, herb-drug interaction, plant extract, total phenol and flavonoid content.
Olgica Stefanovic*, Ljiljana Comic
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Short Communication
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-003, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Detection of Streptococcus iniae by polymerase chain reaction in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in west Iran
Firooz Fadaeifard1*, Mahdi raissy1, Hasan Momtaz2 and Reza Zahedi3
1Department of Aquatic Health and Disease, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
3Graduated of Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord-Iran.
Accepted 23 January, 2020
Abstract
Streptococcosis is one of the serious diseases in cultured salmonids, specially rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Streptococcus iniae is one of the important pathogens for fish which is also dangerous for human. The aim of this study is to investigate the streptococcosis caused by S. iniae in rainbow trouts farms. For this purpose, we evaluate fishes that showed clinical signs similar to streptococcosis from 10 farms in west of Iran on the subject of S. iniae existence. At first, the specific culture for streptococcus was done and, then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of S. iniae was used. Out of 50 evaluated specimens, 13 were suspected to S. iniae after biochemical tests. PCR uses specific primers for S. iniae and 6 samples were revealed positive. The results of this study showed the high existence of S. iniae in this region. PCR is an effective technique for the rapid and specific detection of S. iniae in fish tissues.
Key words: Streptococcus iniae, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Chaharmahal –va- Bakhtyari Province, Iran.
Mahdi raissy, Hasan Momtaz and Reza Zahedi, Firooz Fadaeifard*
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Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
First detection of Pseudomonas viridiflava, the causal agent of blossom blight in apple by using specific designed primers
Mahsa Alimi1*, Heshmatollah Rahimian2, Nader Hassanzadeh1, Meysam Taghinasab Darzi3, Asadollah Ahmadikhah3, Asghar Heydari4 and Giorgio Mariano Balestra5
1Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Plant Pathology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3Department of Plant Pathology, Gorcan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Gorgan, Iran.
4Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran.
5Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
Accepted 09 March, 2019
Abstract
This study was conducted for detection and identification of the causal agent of blossom blight of apple, which results in blast of whole tree. During spring 2011, a newly occurring disease was observed in 4 to 5 years-old Malus domestica (cv. Mutsu) trees in Northern area of Iran. A bacterial population was repeatedly isolated from the infected plants. Koch’s postulate (pathogenicity test) was fulfilled on potted plants under controlled environmental conditions (greenhouse). Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathological tests, the causal agent was identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of the bacterial isolates was done based on newly designed consensus primer pair (PsV-F and PsV-R). The consensus primers were achieved by alignment of P. viridiflava 16S rRNA gene sequences available in nucleic acid data bank, National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. This primer set was successful for detection of P. viridiflava strains. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments amplified by this primer set gave a specific amplification band of ~180 bp. Sequencing was done directly (PCR products). Single bands of two isolates were extracted and sequenced for molecular characterization and compared with sequences available in Gene Bank (NCBI), using BLAST search tool. The results showed complete identity of isolates with those of the P. viridiflava strains in the databases. This to our knowledge is the first report of the occurrence of P. viridiflava on apple.
Key words: Blossom blight, apple, Pseudomonas viridiflava, specific primer.
Nader Hassanzadeh, Mahsa Alimi*, Asghar Heydari and Giorgio Mariano Balestra, Asadollah Ahmadikhah, Heshmatollah Rahimian, Meysam Taghinasab Darzi
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization of Virgibacillus strain TKNR13-3 from fermented shrimp paste (ka-pi) and its protease production
Somboon Tanasupawat1*, Thanapun Taprig2, Ancharida Akaracharanya2 and Wonnop Visessanguan3
1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
3National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
Accepted 05 January, 2020
Abstract
A moderately halophilic bacterium, TKNR13-3, isolated from fermented shrimp paste (ka-pi) in Thailand was identified as Virgibacillus halodenitrificans based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (Rrna) gene sequence and deoxyribonucleic-deoxyribonucleic (DNA-DNA) relatedness. The strain TKNR13-3 produced substantial amount of extracellular protease. Its protease production was maximum when grown in JCM No.377 medium without casamino acids but containing 2% (w/v) yeast extract and 5% (w/v) NaCl at 37°C, pH 6.5 for 3 days. The optimum pH, salt concentration and temperature for the protease activity were pH 8, 15% (w/v) NaCl and 60°C, respectively. Thus, the enzyme was salt-tolerant and slightly thermoalkaliphilic. The protease activity was strongly inhibited (77.62%) by chymostatin. Therefore, the protease of strain TKNR13-3 was serine protease type chymotrypsin. Activity stained-substrate gel of the crude protease indicated the presence of several proteases with the estimated molecular mass of 12, 21, 29, 39 and 49 kDa.
Key words: Halophilic bacteria, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans, protease, fermented shrimp paste.
Thanapun Taprig, Ancharida Akaracharanya and Wonnop Visessanguan, Somboon Tanasupawat*
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Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro susceptibility of some antimicrobials against bacteria enteropathogens
Xiaojuan Xin, Bei Jia*, Wenxiang Huang, Chengwei Liu and Chongzhi Li
Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Accepted 21 January, 2020
Abstract
To investigate the current resistant levels of enteric bacteria in southwestern China, broth dilution method was used to detect in vitro susceptibility of rifaximin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, azithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SMZ/TMP) against 101 enteropathogens isolated from cases of bacterial diarrhea of four teaching hospitals. For all the isolates, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and SMZ/TMP had MIC90s of 64, 32 and >128 mg/L, respectively, much higher than CLSI resistance cutoffs. Azithromycin also had very high MIC90 value of >128 mg/L. The MIC90 of rifaximin was 64 mg/L, much lower than the intestinal lumen concentration measured after administration of this agent. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were highly resistant to fluoroquinolones with resistant frequency of >40%. The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and azithromycin on Shigella spp was of concern with the MIC90s of 64, 16 and 64 mg/L, respectively. The majority of Salmonella spp isolated retained susceptibility to the antimicrobials tested. Comparing with other regions or countries, resistance rates of enteropathogens were much higher in this area of China. Rifaximin is a promising treatment and chemophylaxis for nonsystemic bacteria diarrhea.
Key words: Antimicrobial, infectious diarrhea, enteropathogen, susceptibility.
Wenxiang Huang, Xiaojuan Xin, Bei Jia*, Chengwei Liu and Chongzhi Li
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Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-013, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Investigation of a haemorrhagic febrile illness in Nakaseke District, Central Uganda: A case series report
Elizabeth Sentongo1*, Patrick Tusiime2, David Muwanguzi2, Jude Okiria2 and Richardson Mafigiri2
1Department of Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
2Department of National Disease Control, Ministry of Health P. O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda.
Accepted 05 February, 2020
Abstract
Persons in Nakaseke and neighbouring districts within Central Uganda suffered from a haemorrhagic febrile illness. Four tested positive for the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus, five for the Rift Valley Fever (RVF) virus, however over twenty tested RT-PCR-negative for Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, RVF and Sosuga viruses. In January-February 2018, we investigated cases and deaths with Viral Haemorrhagic Fever (VHF)-like manifestations that tested negative. Patients isolated at Kiwoko, Nakaseke and Mulago-Kiruddu hospitals were evaluated, homes were visited and hospital records were reviewed, noting admissions with haemorrhage since 2017. The nine isolations had fever and came from Nakaseke and Luweero districts. There was haematemesis, epistaxis, haematochesia, melaena and otorrhagia. Clinical findings included lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Laboratory analysis revealed anaemia, thrombocytopenia, microfilariae in blood, urine and faeces, schistosome ova in urine and faeces and Leishmania in blood. Two deceased had had fever, haematemesis and epistaxis. Home-visiting noted termite mound-riddled terrain, domestic use of pond and swamp water and open excretion. The suspicion of VHF was appropriate, however in Africa there are other possible causes of haemorrhagic fever like the multiparasitism demonstrated which included filariasis, schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis. The communities living environment was considered favourable for the vectors and transmission of the parasites.
Key words: Haemorrhagic fever, multiparasitism, filariasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Uganda.
David Muwanguzi, Patrick Tusiime, Elizabeth Sentongo*, Jude Okiria and Richardson Mafigiri
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