African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research  ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (7), pp. 235-243, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Associations between IgG antibody responses to multiple Plasmodium falciparum antigens and treatment outcomes with ACTs in Man, Cote d’Ivoire

Yao SS¹, Offianan AT¹, Tiacoh NL¹, Ako AAB¹, Koffi D¹, Kouame E¹, Tuo K¹, Beourou S¹, Djaman J²

¹Malariology Department, Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire.

²Biochemestry Department Institut Pasteur/UFR Biosciences Félix Houphouët Boigny University.

Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

Tel. (00225) 40 33 57 83/ (00225) 49 45 91 03

Accepted 18 September, 2017

Abstract

Successful antimalarial drugs treatment might be due to intrinsic susceptibility of P. falciparum and host’s factors. In this study we assessed relationship between host IgG antibody responses and treatment outcome with Artesunate+Amodiaquine (AS+AQ) and Artemether+Lumefantrine (AL) in high transmission setting of Cote d’Ivoire. The study was done as part of a clinical drug-efficacy trial of AS+AQ and AL conducted at Man in western Côte d’Ivoire. Serum samples from the time of malaria diagnosis and 7 days later were analyzed for total IgG against schizonte extract (07/03) and 5 specific-P. falciparum Ags using a quantitative indirect ELISA. IgG antibody responses were related to treatment outcome. A total of 56 and 55 serum samples in AL and AS + AQ group respectively were available for antibody analysis, on day 0 and day 7.  The levels IgG to CSP, GLURP and SALSA increased significantly with age (p<0.05). Antibody responses against all antigens decreased significantly, except SALSA and sch07/03 in day 7 after treatment, with the greatest decreasing seen in IgG response to GLURP (p= 0.0013). Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response PCR corrected (ACPR) was of 98.3% (AS +AQ) and 100% (AL). Prevalence and levels of anti-Glutamate-rich Protein (GLURP) and anti-circumsporozoite (CSP)-specific IgG antibodies were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in Patients with ACPR in AS+AQ and AL group respectively.  GLURP and CSP IgG antibody responses in Man region may contribute to malaria treatment success and support hypothesis that acquired immunity enhances clinical efficacy of antimalarial dugs.

Keywords: IgG Antibody responses, treatment outcome, ACT, Man, Côte d’ivoire

African Journal of Parasitology Research  ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (6), pp. 227-233, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of diagnostic performances of parasitological stool examinations performed in public sector medical laboratories of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Konaté A^1*, Kiki-Barro PCM¹, Kassi KF^1,3, Djohan V¹, Angora KE¹, Bosson-Vanga H¹, Doukouré CY¹, Yavo W¹ and Menan EIH^1,3

¹Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Zoology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

²Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Yopougon Teaching Hospital, 21 BP 632  Abidjan 21, Côte d'Ivoire.

³Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Center for Diagnosis and Research on AIDS and  other infectious diseases, 01 BPV 13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +22507571931;+22540239134

Accepted 08 June, 2017

Abstract

Parasitological stool examinations allows to identify intestinal parasites in order to achieve a better management. Their importance implies the need to ensure high reliability and to seek perfection in their performance. We therefore carried out this study in order to update data on the diagnostic performance of public sector medical laboratories of Abidjan with regard to the research and identification of helminths and protozoa contained in stools. Our study was led from April to November 2011. Each participating laboratory received a survey sheet for the collection of information and two suspensions of stools to be analyzed. Our results showed a participation rate of 78.4 %. The responsibility for laboratories was entrusted to technicians and engineers in 62.1 % of cases. The written operating procedures were absent in 34.5 % of cases. We obtained for a correct identification estimated at 10.3 % and 89.7 % respectively for samples No.1 and No.2. Strongyloides Stercoralis and Entamoeba coli were the most recognized (69%). Confusion was noted between the various species of parasites in both suspensions. This study shows the importance of the application of existing texts on quality, in particular on the external quality assessment which must be compulsory at the national level.

Keywords: Quality control, intestinal parasites, medical laboratory.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN: 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 219-226, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative study between  the Baermann conventional and a simplified Baermann devices for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis

^1,2Kiki-Barro PCM*, ⁴Aka Hepkangjin J, ^2,4Kassi FK, ^1,2Henriette Vanga-Bosson H, ²Konaté A, ²Angora EK, ²Akoua Valérie Bedia-Tanoh AV, ²Djohan V, ¹Kamagaté T, ²Sébastien Miezan, ⁴N’guessan NA, ^1,2William Yavo W and ^2,3Menan EIH

¹Parasitology and Mycology Department, National Institute of Public Health, BPV 47, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, ²Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, ³Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory of Diagnosis and Research Centre on AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases, ⁴Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, BPV 34, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +22507584947

Accepted 18 May, 2017

Abstract

The-conventional Baermann device components are a constraint during its use for field investigations. A simplified version is proposed in order to assess the agreement of the measurements and the cost between both devices. 101 stool samples from HIV positive subjects were examined using both devices. The positivity rate was 0.9-% (1/101). The stool tested positive was subjected to 7 successive dilutions by means of a  Strongyloides stercoralis larvae free stool. Each dilution, considered as a sample, was used to compare the accuracy agreement of both devices. The Student t test did not show any significant variation in the number of the extracted larvae per gram of stool (p=0.227). The correlation coefficient (0.9991) close to 1 indicates a high reliability between both devices. The measurement of the larvae (per gram of stool)  using both devices agree as shown by the Bland Altman analysis, with a positive bias. Bias = 0.5 ± 1.069; 95% CI (- 0.39 to 2.59). The cost of the analysis was estimated at $ US 30.31 for the conventional device versus $US 2.23 for the simplified one. The latter is an alternative for the strongyloidiasis diagnosis during large-scale investigations in countries with limited resources.

Keywords: Strongyloidiasis, diagnosis, Baermann, devices, Comparison, agreement, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN: 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (4), pp. 206-218, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Resistance marker loss of multi-drug resistant (MDR) staphylococcus aureus strains after treatment with dilutions of acridine orange

Otajevwo FD

Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 06 July, 2013

Abstract

This investigation was aimed at studying resistance marker loss of multidrug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strains after treatment with sub-clinical dilutions of acridine orange. Seven (7) pure axenic strains of Staph aureus coded SA₁-SA₇ isolated from seven infected human sources which included seminal fluid, ear swab, midstream urine, wound swab, urethral swab, high vaginal swab and endocervical swab respectively, were obtained from the Medical Microbiology laboratory of the Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria and stocked on sterile Nutrient agar slants. Colonies from resulting stocked cultures were re-confirmed by subculturing them on sterile Mannitol Salt agar plates and incubated at 37^oC for 24hours. Gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests were carried out on resulting colonies. Antibiotic sensitivity test by  agar disc diffusion method was done on confirmed strains on sterile Mueller Hinton agar plates before and after treatment with acridine orange (AO). Staph aureus strains that showed ≤50.0% reduction in resistance marker after treatment with 0.35, 0.55, 0.75 and 0.95ug/ml dilutions of AO were noted. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was done using gentamicin on SA₁ strain with all four dilutions of AO. All seven strains showed resistance against augmentin, amoxicillin and cloxacillin. The highest (19.9± 2.3mm) and lowest (6.6 ± 7.3mm) zones of inhibition recorded by all the strains were reactions to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole respectively. Strains SA₄, SA₂ and SA₇ recorded 17.0±4.9mm, 14.4±3.3mm, 14.0±5.9mm and 7.3±4.6mm mean zones of inhibition to gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline respectively. Strains SA₂, SA₄ and SA₇ were each resistant to three of the total antibiotics used. Strains SA₆, SA₁, SA₃ and SA₅ were resistant to four, five, five and six of the antibiotics used respectively. Mean loss of 50.0% or more of resistance marker (RM) was recorded after treatment with 0.35ug/ml (60.0%), 0.95ug/ml (52.7%) and 0.75ug/ml (52.2%) to erythromycin. There was zero loss of RM to gentamicin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline after treatment with 0.55ug/ml, 0.35ug/ml and 0.75ug/ml AO respectively. Acridine orange dilutions of 0.95 and 0.35ug/ml produced an eight-fold (1.25ug) and four-fold (2.5ug) reduction respectively in the minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Keywords: Loss, resistance marker, multidrug resistant Staph. aureus strains, treatment, acridine orange, dilutions.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN: 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 202-205, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The cross-association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance in acinetobacter baumannii

Wencheng Xue, Lianqing Zhou, Meiling Chu, Jin Yang, Lu Wang, Dongya Meng*

Department of Clinical laboratory, Liao Ning North Hospital, 83 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110015, China.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +86-24-28851310

Accepted 19 July, 2014

Abstract

This study was implemented to analyses the association between the regional rates of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates and antimicrobial consumption in the hospital districts. The data on the consumption of antimicrobial for systemic use in Liao-Ning North Hospital were obtained from 2005 through 2009. Consumption data were compared with antimicrobial resistance in all isolates of A. baumannii. Statistical significance was defined as p value < 0.05 for the corresponding correlation coefficient. With the increase of drug resistance, A. baumannii isolation rate increased significantly, the proportion of A. baumannii infections in the composition of bacteria was also significantly increased (from 2.3% in 2005 year to 17.6% in 2009 year). Yearly rates of resistance to meropenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, piperacillin and amikacin were significantly associated with meropenem or levofloxacin (P < 0.05) consumptions in the same year, while consumption of cefepime, ceftazidime and amikacin had no apparent association with resistance. The consumption of Meropenem and levofloxacin significantly correlated with resistance of Meropenem, levofloxacin, cephalosporins, amikacin and piperacillin in A. baumannii. The formation of bacterial clones and being prevalent in the local context may be the ideal model for studying antibiotic usage and resistance development.

Keyword: Antimicrobial resistance, acinetobacter baumannii, consumption.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN: 2343-6549 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 191-196, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation of enterococci from dried beef crackers (kilishi) and its antibiogram

Daminabo V, Isun R and Agarry OO*

Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja,   Nigeria.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 11 January, 2013

Abstract

The level of safety associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat snack kilishi (dried beef cracker) was studied by surveying the total aerobic bioload as well as the density and antibiogram of the enterococcal content. A total of 60 random samples taken from 5 sales outlets in Abuja metropolis were tested for their total aerobic plate count by the spread plate technique on Plate Count Agar (PCA) while the total enterococcal plate count were determined using the pour plate technique on Enterococcus Selective Agar (ECSA). From the results, the TAPC ranged from 1.2 x 10³- 3.9 x 10⁴cfu/g while the enterococcal plate count ranged from 4.6 x 10¹ to 6.7 x 10¹cfu/g respectively. Various sales points within the metropolis recorded different enterococci plate counts. Statistically, no significant difference (p>0.05) occurred in the mean enterococci counts of two of the sales points. Of the eight species of Enterococcus isolated in this study (E. faecium, E. solitaries, E. faecalis, E. asini, E. hirae, E. cecorum, E. casseliflavusand E. raffinosus), E. faecalis accounted for 25%.Also, the mean pH (6.2-6.4) and proximate content (moisture content, 12.8-13.7%; crude protein, 60.6-60.9%; fat, 8.3-9.0%; ash, 7.4-7.6%) were not significantly different (p>0.05) in all the samples. The antibiotic pattern of isolates showed a significant resistance pattern (p<0.05) to 33% of commonly used antibiotics (cloxacillin, 93%; streptomycin,70%, penicillin, 98%; colistin, 98% and nalidixic acid, 95%) while 20% of these antibiotics: ofloxacin (98%), nitrofurantoin (95%) and tetracycline (85%) were active against the isolates. The resistance of the enterococci isolates to more than one antibiotic as observed in this study should be of great concern to both food scientists and health practitioners.

Keywords: Kilishi, Enterococcus, beef, antibiotics.