African Journal of Dentistry

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Potassium ion concentration in toothpastes for sensitive teeth on the Ghanaian market

V Dargbe¹, N. Quartey-Papafio^1,2, J Sackeyfio^1,3, PC Ampofo^1,4

¹University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry (UGSMD)

²Department of Biomaterials Science,(UGSMD)

³Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, (UGSMD)

⁴Restorative Dentistry Department, (UGSMD)

Accepted 25 November, 2018

Abstract

Tooth sensitivity is a reaction that occurs when the enamel that protects the teeth gets thinner and exposes the underlying layer of dentine. It affects the teeth or exposed root surfaces. This reduces the protection the enamel and gums provide for the teeth. A mode of treatment of sensitive teeth is the use of toothpaste that specifically takes care of sensitive teeth. These toothpastes contain potassium nitrate which acts on the sensitive teeth (or tooth). The purpose of the study is to determine the presence of potassium ion and its concentration in some selected toothpastes for sensitive teeth. Samples from seven different sensitive tooth pastes were prepared. The potassium ion concentration (n=3) from the samples were measured using a Flame Photometry (a chemical technique) at the Chemistry Department of Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). Data were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) from Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (SPSS, version 22). Potassium ion concentrations in all the samples were within the standard required range of 0.08% to 5%. Enaguard and Sensodyne gel sensitive tooth pastes recorded higher potassium ion concentration values 5.05% and 5.35% respectively and Kojach F-mild the lowest concentration 2.21%. All the seven sensitive tooth pastes would be clinically effective in the treatment of sensitive teeth (or tooth).

Keywords: Potassium nitrate, ion, tooth sensitivity, enamel, gingivitis,abrasion.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro study of staining agents effects on optical properties of esthetic restorative materials

Welingtom Dinelli¹*, Renata Vidal Fernandes², Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade³, Norberto Catanzaro Guimaraes⁴ and Flavia Magnani Bevilacqua⁵

¹School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University at Araraquara (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

²Resident in of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University at Araraquara (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

³Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University at Araraquara (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

⁴Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Sao Paulo State University at Araraquara (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

⁵University Center at Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

Accepted 03 November, 2018

Abstract

The authors have studied the effect of four staining agents on the optical properties of esthetic restorative materials through translucency tests. Two commercial brands of composite resins were used: Point 4 (Kerr) and Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer). The liquids tested were: wine, cola, chlorhexidine solution and nicotine solution. The translucency was measured at different periods of time: P0 – before immersion (baseline), P1 - 1 h after immersion, P2 - 2 h after immersion and successively, P3 – 24 h after immersion up to a period of 7 weeks. ANOVA statistical analysis was applied to the data (p < 0.05). The results lead to the following conclusions: (1) Composite resins submitted to the tested immersion mediums were stained, (2) the lower percentage of translucency was observed for nicotine containing solution, (3) The percentage of translucency decreased with the period of immersion.

Key words: Composite resin, dental materials, translucence.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Therapeutic effect of topical applications of trichloroacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide for aphthous ulcers minor

Ahmed M. Al-Abbasi

F.I.C.M.S. Basrah College of Medicine, Basrah-Iraq. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 12 October, 2018

Abstract

The author attempted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of local application of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and normal saline for aphthous ulcers minor (AUM) . Fifty four patients with AUM were enrolled in this study between January, 2002 and December, 2004. They were divided blindly into 3 equal groups , 18 patients managed with local application of 30% TCA ,18 treated by local 6% H₂O₂ and the last group by 0.9% normal saline locally also (control group), all patients were followed up after 3 - 7 days. Assessments by clinical examination were performed, depending on 3 criteria, tingling and pain, tenderness and surrounding erythema. Thirty two patients = 42.5% belong to (20 - 29) years age group, the male to female ratio was 0.6:1. Commonest site of AUM was labial and buccal mucosa (14 patients = 25.9%), 38 patients =70% were non smoker, there were 3 male patients and one female affected when they give up cigarette smoking, 19 out of 54 patients (35%) treated with the three agents went into remission. Treatment success was observed in 13 out of 18 (72.2%) patients with 30% TCA, whereas only 5 out of 18 (28%) patients treated by local application of 6% hydrogen H₂O₂ went into remission and only one patient improved in control group (5.5%) . Based on our findings, 30% TCA was a potential agent with minimal side effects for treatment of AUM. Further extensive prospective controlled study is warranted to verify our statements. However, as for local application of (H₂O₂), further investigation with different concentration is compelling.

Key words: Trichloroacetic acid, aphthous ulcer, hydrogen peroxide.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro evaluation of eroded enamel treated with fluoride and a prospective tricalcium phosphate agent

Robert L. Karlinsey¹*, Allen C. Mackey¹, Emily R. Walker¹, Katherine E. Frederick¹ and Christabel X. Fowler²

¹Indiana Nanotech, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.

²GlaxoSmithKline, Weybridge, United Kingdom.

Accepted 23 December 2018

Abstract

The anti-erosion effects of 225 ppm fluoride plus an innovative form of tricalcium phosphate (TCP-Si-Ur) relative to 225 ppm fluoride were investigated using a pH cycling model comprising treatment, saliva and acid challenge periods. Polished bovine enamel specimens were initially softened in 1% citric acid (pH = 3.8) and stratified (N = 10) into the following groups according to their Vickers microhardness: water, 225 ppm fluoride and 225 ppm fluoride containing 20, 40, or 80 ppm TCP-Si-Ur. The cycling regimen consisted of three two-minute treatment periods and five two-minute acid challenges (1% citric acid, pH = 3.8) per day for a total of 20 days. Surface microhardness measurements were made at 10 and 20 days. After 10 days, statistical differences (t-tests, p < 0.05) only existed between water and each of the four fluoride-containing groups. After 20 days, significant differences were observed among the fluoride-containing groups, with fluoride plus 20 ppm TCP-Si-Ur providing significant surface strengthening relative to fluoride alone. Cross-sectional microhardness measurements revealed distinctly different strength profiles and infrared spectroscopy was employed to probe possible changes in enamel microstructure. Collectively, our results indicate a synergistic effect can be produced when TCP-Si-Ur is combined with fluoride and administered to eroded enamel.

Key words: Dental erosion, fluoride, tricalcium phosphate, TCP-Si-Ur, microhardness, IR spectroscopy, pH cycling, remineralization.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Dental caries occurrence and associated oral hygiene practices among rural and urban Nigerian pre-school children

A. Adeniyi Abiola¹*, O. Ogunbodede Eyitope ², O. Jeboda Sonny³ and O. Sofola Oyinkan³

¹Dental Department Lagos State University Teaching Hospital 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Street GRA Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria.

²Department of Preventive Dentistry Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria.

³Accepted 22 October, 2018

Abstract

The objective of this research is to assess the prevalence of dental caries in Nigerian preschool children and establish the proportion of treated lesions and to also investigate the association between oral hygiene habits and dental caries prevalence in the study population. Dental examinations were performed on 404 children aged between 18 months and 5 years and an interview were conducted for the mothers to obtain information about the child and her/his household. The children were recruited from primary health centres where pre-school children are routinely immunized in Lagos State. The prevalence of dental caries in the study population was 10.9%. A significantly higher caries occurrence was observed in children older than 3 years than in those less than 3 years of age (p < 0.001). Caries prevalence was not significantly associated with who supervises the child’s tooth-brushing (p = 0.106), type of toothpaste used (p = 0.657) and frequency of tooth brushing (p = 0.774). Oral hygiene score was positively correlated with caries prevalence and the relationship was statistically significant (p < 0.000). While the prevalence of caries in the study was low, the child’s age and oral hygiene score were observed to influence the occurrence of caries in the study population.

Key words: Dental caries, oral hygiene, pre-school children, social class, tooth-brushing.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Reproduction of custom made eye prosthesis maneuver: A case report

Sunil Kumar Mishra¹ and Chowdhary Ramesh²*

¹Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, Dental collage, Azamgarh, India.

²Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Implantology, HKE’S S Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences - Bangalore; Karnataka, India.

Accepted 21 November, 2018

Abstract

Ocular prosthesis is an artificial replacement of the eye. After enucleation, evisceration and exenteration of the eye, the goal is to replace the missing tissues with an artificial prosthesis and restore the facial symmetry and normal appearance of the anophthalmic patient. Therefore the combined efforts of the ophthalmologist, the plastic surgeon, and the maxillofacial Prosthodontist are essential in order to restore the patient’s quality of life. Custom made prostheses provide more esthetic and precise result when compared to stock eye prosthesis. Simplification of the technique with the commonly available materials makes it more ease to make it. This is a case report presenting the fabrication of eye prosthesis in a cost effective manner with a unique impression technique.

Key words: Ocular defect, custom made ocular impression, custom made ocular prosthesis.