African Journal of Dentistry

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-014, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

The trend of aetiologies of chronic emaciation in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis

Simon Akhaine¹*, Jeremiah Olalekan Taiwo² and Ameen Saliu Akanni³

¹College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

³Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 27 February, 2021

Abstract

Chronic emaciation reflects the severity and duration of the aetiologies associated with a disease condition. The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the trend and most significant causes of chronic emaciation and cachexia in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis and to evaluate the clinico-pathologic findings. The study was a prospective one. In this particular study, causative factors of chronic emaciation were examined. The purposive sampling technique was used for this study which was carried out at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between September, 2019 and December, 2019. Samples were collected from 100 chronically emaciated off-take cattle of different breeds, sexes and ages, not less than two years old. The diagnostic protocol of complete physical examination and comprehensive laboratory investigations such as parasitology, haematology, serum chemistry and urinalysis amongst others, were followed as well. The study revealed six major groups of aetiologies of chronic emaciation and cachexia. The haematologic parameters of packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophil and platelet count were statistically significant (p<0.05) with differences between the mean values of emaciated cases compared to control subjects. The serum chemistry parameters of albumin, globulin, bilirubin, aspartate amino transferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were statistically significant (p<0.05) with differences between the mean values of emaciated cases and control subjects. The increasing prevalence of dicrocoeliasis and paramphistomiasis as revealed in the study should be of epidemiological and clinical relevance to livestock health institutions and large scale animal practitioners in Nigeria.

Key words: Aetiologies, chronic emaciation, investigation, endoparasitic infection, organ disorders, cattle, Ibadan metropolis.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Awareness on dental radiographic examination and associated health risks among patients visiting a dental clinic in Tanzania

Flaviana J. Nyatu, Karpal S. Sohal and Elison N. Simon*

¹Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.

²Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentisty, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.

Accepted 15 January, 2021

Abstract

The use Dental radiographs has become an integral part of modern clinical dentistry to investigate complaints of patients. This study aimed at determining the level of awareness of dental radiological examination among patients attending dental treatment at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) dental clinic in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included patients who underwent radiological examination. A specially designed questionnaire was used to gather information on the demographics and level of awareness of the patients regarding X-ray examination. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science-V23. The association between variables was assessed by the Chi-square test, and p-value was set at p<0.05. A total of 322 participants were included in the study of which 184 (57.1%) were females. The age range of the participants was 18 to 89 years (mean of 37.2 ± 15.2 years). There was a statistically significant association between self-perceived awareness about dental radiographs and level of education, age and previous experience of the participants. Only 39.4% reported to have had some information regarding dental X-rays and among them, in 89%, the source was dental personnel. Only 36% said there was no problem in exposing a pregnant woman to dental X-rays. 92.7% said there is a need of using special protective gear when exposing a pregnant woman to dental X-ray. Generally, there was a low awareness of dental X-ray examination in this group of patients.

Key words: Awareness, dental X-ray examination, Muhimbili, Tanzania.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-012, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morphological characteristics of indigenous Djallonké sheep in rural areas in the south of Mali

Oumar Ouattara^1*, Aboubacrine Mahamane Touré¹, Drissa Konaté¹, Sognan Dao¹ and Diakaridia Traoré^1,2

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, P. O. Box 3206, Mali.

²National Center for Animal Artificial Insemination, P. O. Box 5451, Bamako, Mali

Accepted 2 January, 2021

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating some morphological traits in Djallonké sheep reared in four localities (Dioïla, Kolondiéba, Yanfolila and Kita) in the south of Mali. Two hundred and sixty sheep (40 males and 220 females) randomly selected from these localities were used for measuring the following traits: Coat color, presence of horns/wattles, height at withers (HW), and live body weight (LBW). Animals belonged to five age groups ranging from < 1 year to ≥ 4 years, with females being predominant in each group. Nearly all males had horns (94%), whereas these were present only in a small subset of females (6%). For all animals, wattles were less frequent (10%) and the dominant coat color was plain white (45%) and white with particularities (38%). HW and LBW values were not significantly different between rams from Dioïla and Kolondiéba but were higher than those of their counterparts from Kita and Yanfolila. Ewes from Kita, Kolondiéba, and Yanfolila displayed comparable values for both HW and LBW but these were lower than those of their counterparts from Dioïla. These findings might serve as a basis for designing and implementing a genetic project aimed at ensuring the sustainable conservation and valorization of Djallonké sheep in Mali.

Key words: Djallonké sheep, morphological traits, Mali

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 8 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Variation of vertical dimension and prosthetic therapy

Sinda AMMAR¹, Imed OUNI², Bessem MOGAADI¹, Lamia MANSOUR³

¹DDS, PHD. Prosthetic Department, Hospital Mohamed Tlatli, Nabeul, Tunisia.

²DDS, MCA. Prosthetic Department, Dental Clinic of Monastir, University of Monastir, , Avicenna Avenue, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +216 26 737 130; Fax: +216 73 461 150.

³DDS, PHD. Prosthetic Department, Dental Clinic of Monastir, University of Monastir, , Avicenna Avenue, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.

Accepted 26 August, 2020

Abstract

Changes in vertical dimension can be indicated in prosthetic treatment to improve aesthetic and / or oral functions or to simplify the resolution of a case. In some situations, the increase of vertical dimension of occlusion could be an interesting alternative to invasive therapy as surgical or orthodontic treatment. A complete diagnosis is the starting point to planning any modification in occlusal schemes. Variation of vertical dimension and how and when it could be changed has always been a challenging prospect for the general dental practitioner. This article aims to illustrate and to discuss the rationale behind changes in vertical dimension and demonstrate how it can be achieved using a case report.

Keywords: vertical dimension of occlusion, variation, increase, prosthetic treatment, tooth wear.  

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

A diagnostic dilemma-endodontic lesion or keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT): A case report

Rashmi Khanna^1*, Rajeev Khanna², Nagesh Binjoo³, H. L. Gupta¹, Anand Dharams¹ and Pradeep Kumar¹

¹Department of Periodontics, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.

²Department of Pharmacy, Swasthya Kalyan Homeopathy Medical College, Sitapura, Jaipur, India.

³Department of Oral Medicine and maxillofacial Radiology, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.

Accepted 15 May, 2020

Abstract

We present a case of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) in maxillary canine region which was mistaken for a periapical lesion and was treated accordingly that is, root canal treatment of the teeth involved, was attempted, without checking for their vitality status. When the symptoms didn’t subside, the patient was operated under local anesthesia and the lesion was sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of an infected KCOT. Keratocystic Odontogenic tumor may look similar to endodontic lesions.Clinicians should carefully review the cases and consider surgical intervention with biopsy in cases that do not heal.

Key words: Keratocystic odontogenic tumor, Peri-apical lesion, odontogenic keratocyst, lateral periodontal cyst.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

False teeth still a public health problem among children in Kanungu district - South Western Uganda 2006

Sebudde Stephen

Kanungu District Local Government Uganda. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 13 April, 2020

Abstract

False teeth among children are a Public Health problem which has not received adequate attention in Uganda. This study was therefore developed as a community-based descriptive cross-sectional carried out in Kanungu District using qualitative methods of data collection among caregivers of children, Community Owned Resource Persons and Service providers. The objectives of the study were to examine family knowledge on false teeth, paying special attention to the age bracket which is perceived to be commonly affected by false teeth, signs and symptoms and identifying management practices as well as preventive measures of false teeth within this community. False teeth are a common problem among children mainly affecting children of two years old with no sex differences. It is believed to be caused by witchcraft and at times it comes on its own. This disease causes diarrhea, Acute Respiratory infection (ARI), fever and loss of appetite, restlessness and vomiting which are also believed to be key signs and symptoms for the disease. It seems there are no home remedies for the treatment of false teeth. “Oral/dental surgery” was identified as the common form of treatment of “false teeth and rubbing of teeth. The safety of the instruments used during surgery and their sterility plus the procedures used during surgery was not known to the participants. The side effects on the health of the child were identified which ranged from severe bleeding, distortion of dentition, to eruption of teeth. Preventive measures like the use of local herbs were identified. In conclusion, False teeth are still a community Oral Health problem among children which needs emergency action especially in this era of AIDS/HIV.

Key Words: False teeth, Peadiatric Oral surgery, Dangers and risks