African Journal of Dentistry

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Low dietary diversity among older Japanese adults with impaired dentition

Masanori Iwasaki^1,5*, Yumi Kimura², Akihiro Yoshihara⁴, Hiroshi Ogawa¹, Takayuki Yamaga¹, Taizo Wada², Ryota Sakamoto ², Yasuko Ishimoto², Eriko Fukutomi³, Wenling Chen³, Hissei Imai³, Michiko Fujisawa², Kiyohito Okumiya², Michael C. Manz⁶, Toshihiro Ansai⁵, Hideo Miyazaki¹ and Kozo Matsubayashi^2,3

¹Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.

²Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.

³Department of Field Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.

⁴Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.

⁵Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.

⁶Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.

 Accepted 16 January, 2022

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship of dentition status, defined by the number of occluding pairs of natural teeth (OPNT) and removable denture fit, to food diversity among older Japanese adults. The study participants were 268 Japanese (mean age: 81.7 years) classified into four groups: (i) good dentition (n = 91; ≥ 5 OPNT), (ii) compromised dentition (n = 43; <5 OPNT), (iii) well-fitting dentures (n = 104; self -reported), and (iv) ill-fitting denture (n = 30; self-reported). Food diversity was assessed as a measure of dietary quality using the 11-item Food Diversity Score Kyoto (FDSK-11), which evaluates frequency of consumption of 11 main food groups (grains, potatoes, beans and soybean products, meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, milk and dairy products, vegetables, seaweed, nuts and fruits). Multivariable analysis of the differences in FDSK-11 score ranging from 0 to 11, with a higher score indicating greater food diversity, among the four groups was conducted using linear regression models with robust standard errors. The compromised dentition and self-perceived ill-fitting denture groups had significantly lower FDSK-11 scores than the good dentition group after adjusting for confounders (P < 0.05). A less-varied diet, as indicated by low FDSK-11 score, was observed in participants with fewer OPNT or ill-fitting dentures. Impaired dentition was associated with poor diet quality among older Japanese.

Key words: Epidemiology, elderly, diet, dental health.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children of Western Maharashtra

Patil Snehal¹*, shivakumar KM¹, Siddhi Hathiwala², Samuel Raj Srinivasan³ and Sachin Khatri⁴

¹Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India. ²Department of Public Health Dentistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Dental Sciences and Research, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

³Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thaimoongambika Dental College, Chenai, Tamil Nadu, India.

⁴Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

 Accepted 15 November, 2021

Abstract

Optimum oral health is required to eat, socialize without discomfort or embarrassment. Untreated dental caries is a common problem faced by the population in developing countries affecting the development of the child. A cross sectional study was conducted among 3 to 5 years old preschool children to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and consequences of untreated dental caries. Dental caries was measured using ‘dmf’ and ‘pufa’ index. Descriptive statistics was computed to assess the prevalence of the untreated dental caries. Chi square test and z test were used to assess the statistical difference among the variable means in between the groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver 20.0. The prevalence of dental caries in the study population was 32% and that of the untreated dental caries with clinical consequences was 24%. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for prevalence of untreated dental caries. The mean ‘dmf’ and ‘pufa’ scores increased over the ages of 3, 4 and 5 years in the study sample. ‘pufa’ index can be used as a useful epidemiological tool to assess the prevalence of untreated dental caries. Proportion of untreated dental caries was substantial which points to the need for diverting attention to care of deciduous dentition.

Key words: Untreated dental caries, ‘pufa’, preschool children.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of obesity among preschool children and its relation with dental caries

Heba Elkhodary^1,2*, Deema Farsi¹, Leena Merdad³, Najat Farsi¹, Sumer Alaki¹, Najlaa Alamoudi¹, Dania Bahdaila¹ and Hammam Bahammam¹

¹Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 17848, Jeddah 21494, Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

³Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University. P. O. Box 17848, Jeddah 21494, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 23 July, 2021

Abstract

There is increasing interest in investigating the association between dental caries and childhood obesity, particularly among preschoolers where the evidence is limited. We aimed to measure the prevalence of obesity/overweight among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years, and to determine the relationship between obesity and dental caries in the primary dentition. A cross-sectional study was carried out in eight public and private preschools using a multi-stage stratified sample of 820 children. Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) measurements were obtained. Caries was assessed using the National Institute of Dental Research’s decayed, missed or filled score (dmft). Based on BMI, 15% of children were obese and 10% were overweight. Based on WC, 13% of children were obese. The prevalence of obesity/overweight based on BMI was significantly higher among girls (p-value=0.014) and private preschools (p-value<0.001). Based on BMI, obese and overweight children had lower dmft scores than underweight and normal children (p-value<0.001). Based on WC, obese children had lower dmft scores than non-obese children (p-value<0.001). Obesity prevalence was high, particularly among girls and private preschool children. Caries activity was lower in overweight and obese children. Longitudinal studies are essential to investigate the association between caries and obesity in preschool children.

Key words: Children, obesity, overweight, dental caries, body mass index (BMI).

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Superstitious knowledge of the phenomena of teeth eruption in rural area of Ferlo in Senegal

Diouf Massamba^1,2*, Boetsch Gilles², Dieng Amadou¹ and Cissé Daouda¹

¹Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

²CNRS-UMI “Environment, Health, Society”, Marseille, France.

 Accepted 4 May, 2021

Abstract

Teeth are physiological phenomenon that appears in child and who begins around 6 to 8 months after birth. The aim of this work was to study superstitious knowledge of the phenomena of teeth eruption in the mothers peulhs of Ferlo in Senegal. The research method was a descriptive and qualitative study; comprising questioning the mothers of children in the phase of active teeth eruption by structured, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Information collected were related to the signs and symptoms of teeth, the superstitions associated with the dental age of eruption, the first type of tooth on the arcade, the rhizalyse and the practices of oral hygiene in the child. Data were analysed manually and presented in framed and of verbatims. From the findings, it is seen that fever, the diarrhoea, the vomiting and the dribbles constituted the principal signs. The native or neonatal tooth and the use of the stick rub-tooth to clean the teeth in the evening and the phenomenon of rhizalyse were related to superstitious interpretations. Programs of information and communication would make it possible to better sensitize the populations to optimize the good practices in the children in active phase of teeth eruption.

Key words: Knowledge, superstitions, teeth, child, mother, Senegal.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Interdisciplinary treatment approaches for cleft lip and palate patients to obtain esthetic and functional results

Dogan E.^1*, Dogan E. I.² and Dogan S.³

¹Department of Orthodontics, Ali Cetinkaya Bulvarı Servet Apartmanı No 14, Kat1, Daire 1, Alsancak, Izmir, Turkey.

²Ali Cetinkaya Bulvarı Servet Apartmanı No 14, Kat1, Daire 1, Alsancak, Dogan private clinic Izmir, Turkey.

³Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

Accepted 15 April, 2021

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present the importance of interdisciplinary treatment approaches for the patients with clefts. In this study, the treatment of four patients with cleft lip and palate were presented. After the completion of fixed orthodontic treatment, proper overjet and overbite relationships were achieved and to obtain the esthetic and functional results, two of the patients had prosthodontic treatment (one of them has removable appliance and another has fixed partial denture). Two of the patients had composite restoration on lateral incisors. Patients with cleft lip and palate require interdisciplinary treatment approaches. Functional occlusion and good dental esthetics can be achieved with a team approach, well-established diagnosis and correct treatment plan.

Key words: Cleft lip and palate, interdisciplinary treatment, esthetic, function.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 2756-3421 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Traumatic dental injuries among a selected population of adolescents in Southern Nigeria

Joycelyn O. Eigbobo¹ and Efetobo V. Orikpete^2*

¹Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

²Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 Accepted 3 April, 2021

Abstract

This work aims to determine the causes, scene and types of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among adolescents, and to compare the findings in males with those in females. Information was elicited from a selected population of junior secondary school students by means of a close-ended, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Information elicited included age, gender, previous experience of trauma to the oral cavity/dentition, cause(s) of injury, scene of injury, type of injury sustained, the number of teeth involved and previous dental visits. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. There were 200 participants, comprising 98 (49%) males and 102 (51%) females. Falls were the most common (40.1%) cause of traumatic dental injuries. There was no significant association between gender and cause of injury (p=0.604). Majority (56.3%) of the injuries occurred at home; though males sustained more injuries in schools, injuries in females were sustained mostly at home. The most common type of TDI reported was luxation (49.5%). Injury related to one tooth was most (62.3%) frequently experienced. Most traumatic dental injuries in the adolescents were caused by falls and they occurred mostly at home among the females, while those in males were more frequent in schools. The commonest type of TDI was luxation injuries.

Key words: Traumatic dental injuries, adolescents, Port-Harcourt, fall, luxation, Nigeria.