African Journal of Dentistry

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 113-116, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

A case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

James Nwodo

*Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 February, 2011 

Abstract

There is paucity of information on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children in Nigeria. We reported two cases of IRIS in a 7 and 14 years HIV infected Nigerian boys managed at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was diagnosed and managed in 4 out of 1,027 (0.38%) HIV positive paediatric patients started on antiretroviral therapy at the health institution over a 6 years period.

Keywords: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, highly active antiretroviral therapy, Nigeria.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN 3216-0216 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 117-120, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The changing demographics and other issues in medical admission in the tropics

Titilola Adegoke

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adekunle Ajasin University,  Ondo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 22 April, 2016

Abstract

Infectious diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a changing pattern in terms of medical admissions worldwide with an alarming increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) especially in the tropics over the last decade. A regular review and audit of medical admissions is necessary for health policy formulation and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of medical admission in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital and highlight the emerging trend. A retrospective review of medical admission at the LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, South Western Nigeria over a 3 year period (January 2005 to December 2007). 1786 patients were admitted into the medical wards during the period of study. This consisted of 1089 males (61.0%) and 697 females (39.0%) with age range 14-96 years, mean of 51years (±16.89) and a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Elderly subjects (≥ 60 years of age) were the largest age group accounting for 27.3% and 29.8% of male and female admissions respectively. The indications for admission in order of frequency were cerebrovascular disease 239 (27.5%), Diabetes mellitus 194 (22.2%), Chronic Kidney Disease 116 (12.4%) and Tuberculosis 151 (16.6%). NCDs accounted for a significant number of admissions in this study. The elderly constitued the major age group. Non communicable diseases are the commonest indication for medical admission. There is therefore an urgent need for intensification of existing preventive strategies to combat the insurgence of NCDs.

Keywords: Tropics, Medical, Tuberculosis, Infectious diseases.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 3216-0216 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 106-112, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Orthodontic treatment outcome in specialized training Center in Khartoum, Sudan

Al-Sawadi Asmaa¹, Ali Rehab², Mageet AO³

^1,2Orthodontic Residents, Mageet Orthodontic Training Centre, Affiliated to the University of Al-Gezira, Khartoum, Sudan.

³Associate Prof. of Orthodontics, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, UAE.

Visiting Associate Prof. of Orthodontics, Mageet Orthodontic Training Center, affiliated to University of Gezira, Khartoum, Sudan.

Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 20 September, 2017

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the need/outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement in an orthodontic training center in Khartoum, Sudan. Models of 90 patients were referred and treated at Mageet Orthodontic Training Center, Khartoum, Sudan with malocclusions of different types and severity. Three occlusal indices were used. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) dental health component (DHC) showed 71.2% of the cases to have great improvement (grade 4-5), 18.8% moderate (grade 3) and 10% slight (grade 2) and 0% no treatment need (grade 1) while for the esthetic component (EC) 37.7% of  the cases showed great improvement (grade 8-10), 45.5 % moderate (grade 5-7) and 16.6 % slight (grade 1-4). The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) showed 57.5% of the cases with mean percentage reduction greater than 70% (93.4% of the cases shown improvement and 6.6% with no change). The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) showed 14.5% of the cases as not requiring orthodontic treatment and (34.4%) as very difficult to treat. The need for orthodontic treatment in Sudan is similar to the need in European countries, despite the fact that treated cases are more severe as compared to European countries.

Keywords: Occlusal indices; Malocclusion; Orthodontics treatment outcome; Dental esthetics, model analysis.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 3216-0216 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 097-105, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Sex and the agricultural transition: Dental health of early farming females

Misty Fields¹*, Edward E. Herschaft², Debra L. Martin¹ and James T. Watson³

¹Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.

²School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106 USA.

³Arizona State Museum and School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA.

*Corresponding author. E -mail: [email protected]. Tel.: 702-895-3590. Fax: 702-895-4823.

Accepted 22 January, 2016

Abstract

This research considers the long-term relationship between women’s oral health and the transition to agriculture by examining dental caries and tooth loss in a prehistoric skeletal sample. Archaeological research indicates that women in many early agricultural communities experienced more severe dental pathology than male counterparts. Dentition was examined in an Early Agricultural skeletal sample from the La Playa site in Sonora, Mexico. Frequencies of caries and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) were analyzed to test the hypothesis that in an early agricultural population undergoing major cultural changes, females experienced increased oral disease burden due to changes in the oral microenvironment resulting from greater reproductive stress. Adult females and males had similar caries rates, however, there were significant sex-differences in AMTL (p = 0.02). Comparisons across age groups indicate that La Playa women had substantial increases in AMTL, losing considerably more teeth than men. These findings, in light of dental research on oral health and pregnancy, provide an important temporal component to understanding the evolution and history of oral health and agriculture. The results suggest a dynamic process in the development of oral health trends as a function of the shift to agriculture and the burden of increased childbearing that females undertook during this transition.

Key words: Oral health, tooth loss, pregnancy, agriculture.