African Journal of Dentistry

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 3216-0216 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 091-095, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

General principles for achieving adequate bond to all-ceramic restorations

Moustafa N. Aboushelib¹, Mona Ghoniem², Hesam Mirmohammadi³ and Ziad Salameh⁴

¹Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.

²Restorative Dental Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.

³Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

⁴King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 26 August, 2017

Abstract

Achieving strong and reliable bond to all-ceramic restorations is a pre- requisite for long term clinical success. With the great diversity of the available materials, there is a need for establishing general concepts for bonding all-ceramic restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate bond strength to two ceramic substrates using different resin cements in combination with different surface treatments. Zirconia and glass ceramic discs received either airborne particle abraded, etched with hydrofluoric acid and coated with silane coupling agent, or combination of particle abrasion and silane coupling agent. Specimens were bonded to composite resin discs and sectioned into micro -bars to evaluate ceramic resin micro-tensile bond strength ( = 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed that the type of ceramic substrate (polycrystalline - glass ceramic), type of resin cement (MDP or non MDP containing), type of surface treatment, and their interaction all had a significant influence on ceramic resin micro-tensile bond strength. Combination of adequate micro-mechanical retention (particle abrasion) and chemical bonding (MDP for zirconia and silane for glass ceramic) is a pre-requisite for achieving reliable ceramic resin bond strength. Proper selection of type of resin cement and type of surface treatment that match the ceramic substrate will result in significant improvement of ceramic resin bond strength.

Key words: MTBS, zirconia, glass ceramic, bond strength.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 3216-0216 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 076-080, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Oral health knowledge, practice, oral hygiene status and dental caries prevalence among visually impaired students in residential institute of Aligarh

Mohammad Sami Ahmad*, M. K. Jindal, Saif Khan and S. H. Hashmi

Department of Periodontia and Community Dentistry, Dr Z A Dental College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 09897522806, 09760032806.

Accepted 15 September, 2014

Abstract

The study was conducted to detect the preventive and treatment modalities among visually impaired students living in a residential school of Aligarh. A total of 80 visually impaired students were involved in the study in which 55 subjects were males and 25 females. They belonged to the age group of 10 – 35 years. Maximum number of males and females belonged to 16 – 25 years of age. Most of the subjects were cleaning mouth only in the morning with the use of brush and tooth paste. Eighty six percent were having belief that use of sugar leads to dental caries. On oral examination out of total subjects 55.2% were having poor oral hygiene and only 16% were having good oral hygiene. About 28% suffered from dental caries that were having poor oral hygiene and about 57% who were having fair oral hygiene. No one suffered from dental caries that were having good oral hygiene. In disabled individuals the process of developing oral disease does not differ from non-disabled individuals. There is no difference in prevention of the disease and treatment modalities between these groups. Since blind students cannot visualize the dental plaque, motivation to keep the mouth clean is less as compared to normal individuals. Hence they need a special way to educate and motivate to keep the oral hygiene better in order to prevent dental caries.

Key words: Visually impaired, disabled, dental caries, oral hygiene, toothpaste.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 3216-0216 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 082-089, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fluoride intake and urinary fluoride excretion in children attending a daycare center in Maracay, Aragua state, Venezuela

Franco Héctor¹, Acevedo Ana Maria², Petrone Margaret³, Volpe Anthony³ and Rojas-Sánchez

Fátima²*

¹Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Santa Maria, Caracas, Venezuela. ²Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. ³Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 30 March, 2014

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine fluoride intake and urinary fluoride excretion levels in children exposed to fluoride from diet and dentifrice. Data were obtained from 31 children from a day care located in Maracay, Aragua State, Venezuela. Fluoride intake from diet was determined by using the “duplicate plate technique”, and estimation of the ingested from dentifrice was made by the difference between fluoride in toothpaste taken for use and the fluoride in toothpaste used but not swallowed. Samples of foods, beverages and dentifrices were analyzed using the micro diffusion method. The results showed that children have a mean daily total fluoride intake for 15 - 35, 36 - 47 and 48 - 72 months-old of 0.07 ± 0.03; 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg /day. Mean urinary fluoride concentrations values were 0.79 ± 0.51, 0.92 ± 0.30 and 0.83 ± 0.40 mg/L in 15 - 35, 36 - 47 and >48 months- old children and were not significantly different (p 0.05) when data from the three groups of children were compared. Age and gender did not affect urine total volume, urinary flow rate, urinary fluoride concentration and fluoride excretion rate (P > 0.05). The results from our study indicate that children have a mean fluoride intake and excretion within the expected value for optimally fluoridated areas.

Key words: Fluoride intake, dental fluorosis, rate fluoride excretion, children.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2167-0405 Vol. 4 (5), pp. 058-062, December, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A review on the sterilization process of endodontic and surgical equipment at the Municipal Center of Oral Health of Ouagadougou

Sankara Fanta Maurice^1,2*, Gaston D. Compaoré², Joseph Jay Jay², Dani Iboudo Traore³, ,Fulgence Francis¹ and Sekou O. Koala³

¹Department of Health (UFR/SDS), Pr Joseph Ki Zerbo Ouaga I University 03 P. O. Box 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. 

²Municipal Center of Oral Health of Ouagadougou (CMSBD), 01 P. O. Box 85 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso. ³Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Cheikh Anta Diop University - Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal.

E-mail: [email protected] 

Accepted 12 November, 2016

Abstract

Daily oral endodontic and surgical care requires careful management of infection risks to prevent both patient and medical staff from nosocomial infection by cross-contamination. The purpose of this study is to review the sterilization process of endodontic and surgical equipment at the Municipal Center of Oral Health (CMSBD) of Ouagadougou. This is a cross-sectional study carried out during January 2016. Data were collected from the staff responsible for the sterilization of endodontic and surgical equipment and the head of the aseptic chain. Various steps of the aseptic chain at CMSBD were generally complied with. However, weaknesses in the system include packaging and sterilization of rotary equipment. Though, sterilization rules at CMSBD were satisfactory, they should be further strengthened. Quality check- ups are necessary regarding the importance of the field.

Key words: Hygiene, sterilization, endodontic, surgical equipment.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2167-0405 Vol. 4 (4), pp. 052-057, November, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

 Full Length Research Paper

Salivary flow rate (SFR) in adult Kenyans and relationship with chronic periodontitis

George Eric Shah*, Richard Kiran Saitoti and Goeffery Boit Birir

Department of Periodontology, Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 10 October, 2016

Abstract

The study is aimed at determining the salivary flow rate (SFR) in adult Kenyans and investigates its relationship with chronic periodontitis. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 333 participants (age between 18 and 45 years) among the patients attending Nairobi University Dental Hospital over a period of five months. Three groups were identified based on their periodontal status as healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected using the spit method. The British Society of Periodontology Basic Periodontal Examination index was used to determine the periodontal status of the participants. The salivary flow rate (g/min) ranged between 0.14 and 1.98 g/min in males and 0.08 and 1.68 g/min in females. The mean SFR was 0.66 ±0.31 g/min SD with a mode of 0.30 g/min. 256 participants were normal secretors within the range of 0.3 and 1.0 g/min, 43 were high secretors with over 1.0 g/min while 32 were low secretors with a range of 0.1 and 0.29 g/min. Participants with chronic periodontitis had a statistically significant higher salivary flow rate (M=0.68+0.33 SD) than those who had gingivitis (M=0.62+0.28 SD) with p=0.039. The unstimulated salivary flow rate in adult Kenyans is 0.66 g/min, which falls within the reported normal range. The salivary flow rate was found to increase with the severity of periodontitis suggesting a link between the two 

Key words: Saliva, salivary flow rate, chronic periodontitis.

African Journal of Dentistry ISSN: 2167-0405 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 044-051, October, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Effects of socio-demographic and hygiene factors on tooth brush replacement frequency  

Zardari Malala Khan*, Asif Khan Ali, Imran Rahat Saeed and Abdul J. Bhutto

Department of Community Dentistry, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.

E-mail:  [email protected]

Accepted 10 September, 2016

Abstract

Proper tooth brushing technique along with tooth brush replacement at recommended intervals may help to protect the accumulation of plaque and reduce the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis. We aimed to determine the frequency of tooth brush change and the variables associated with this practice in population living in Karachi. A cross sectional study was conducted among dental Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry (OPD) visitors of DIKIOHS in Karachi, from, March to May, 2015. A total of 232 participants were selected by using consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected by using a semi structured pretested questionnaire. Socio-demographic and behavioral factors related to tooth brush changing were identified by applying logistic regression model. Majority of participants (65%) were changing tooth brush at every 3 months. After adjusting socio-demographic and dental variables, the odds of changing tooth brush within 3 months among participants who brush more than twice a day, were 3 times more (AOR= 3.49, CI= 1.054 – 11.571) as compared to those who brush once a day. The other factors that showed significant association in multivariate analysis were people who had monthly income >50,000 Pakistan rupees, users of other mouth cleaning aids and people using tooth brush with soft bristles. This study concluded that majority of the participants were changing their tooth brush at recommended intervals and different variables (demographic, socioeconomic and dental) are associated with the frequency of tooth brush changing. 

Key words: Tooth brush change, oral hygiene variables, Karachi.