ISSN 2167-0404
Research Article
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 5 (8), pp. 258-269, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Socio-economic, demographic and geographic indicators on the malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT)
*Trevor F. Vermaak, Bokang Schmidt and Jano Majoro Mixwell
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 18 July, 2015
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of socio-economic, demographic and geographic indicators on the malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT), using the baseline malaria indicator survey of 2007. This survey covered the Amhara, Oromiya and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. A total of 224 clusters of, on average, 25 households each were selected. In total, 28,994 individuals participated in the survey. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the data where the response variable was the presence or absence of malaria using the RDT. The results showed that for households with toilet facilities, clean drinking water and more living space, the chances of testing positive for malaria RDT decreased. Moreover, using malaria nets and spraying the house walls with anti-mosquito were found to be effective control measures.
Key words: Cluster sampling, interaction effect, mixed model, odds ratio, rapid diagnostic test.
Bokang Schmidt and Jano Majoro Mixwell, *Trevor F. Vermaak
Page: 258 - 269
Research Article
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 5 (8), pp. 247-257, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of the co-infection of Malaria and HIV virus in a case-cohort study of women in Anambra, Nigeria
*Ogbonnaya I. K, Majimete Ochuko and Onokpasa D. A
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 24 August, 2015
Abstract
The daily increasing incidence of malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection and associated poor maternal and obstetrical outcomes among pregnant women in the malarious zone of Anambra east, southeast Nigeria, and the paucity of laboratory-based data on the deadly duo, necessitated this study on the prevalence of the co-infection in a case-cohort study of 450 women (15 to 45 years) from whom placental and peripheral blood samples were collected. Screening for HIV antibodies was by the DETERMINE and GENIE–II, confirmed at 95% confidence interval. Pregnancy screening was by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) one step pregnancy test strip. Placental malaria was determine by Pooled-biopsy; peripheral malaria, from maternal venous blood. Giemsa stain of thin and thick blood smears were assayed; results were confirmed by dipstick rapid test. Anaemia estimation was by packed cell volume. Population attributable fraction-associated co-infection was 62% (P-value, 0.019). Acute malaria (+++) was highest among dually infected multigravidas (53%) (P-value, 0.0672), and multiple infections highest in second trimester (mean parasite density, 3,471.1 ± 101.0 parasites/µl), with preponderance in the 25 to 29 age bracket (4,720.51 ± 110.3 parasites/µl). Gravidity-associated co-infection was prevalent among the multigravidas, with mean parasite density of 19,224.1 ± 136.0 parasites/µl. Placental malaria was a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity (P < 0.01), and maternal anaemia which is the single most important adverse pregnancy outcome. Significance of abortion, pre-term delivery and low infant birth weights as serious adverse maternal outcomes were further established in the study.
Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), placental malaria, gravidity-associated malaria, pregnancy outcomes.
*Ogbonnaya I. K, Majimete Ochuko and Onokpasa D. A
Page: 247 - 257
Research Article
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 245-246, August, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of prevalence of prostatic cancer among forensic autopsy cases
*Kam C.W, Saich T.A and Tien S.O
Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. E-mail: [email protected].
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Accepted 27 January, 2015
Abstract
In the aging society, elderly people often suffer cancer, which is associated with increased rates of fractures due to osteoporosis from cancer. In the present study, the prevalence of prostatic cancer, so-called “latent adenocarcinoma”, is investigated among forensic autopsy cases. Retrospective histo-pathology was performed on 114 subjects (61.8 ± 13.3 years old). Forth-four specimens (38.6%) harbored carcinomas with Gleason combined scores ranging from 3 to 9. The detection rate increased in accordance with age, in which the highest rate (8/13, 61.5%) was evident in the group of ≥ 80 years of age. However, no significant associations were apparent to age (P = 0.13) or body mass index (P = 0.36). Majority (34, 77.2%) displayed solitary lesions that were located mainly in the peripheral zone. Advanced capsular invasion was evident in five cases. The prostate that is not familiar to forensic pathologists should be examined in extrinsic fractures of the elderly because cancer might affect injury severity.
Key words: Forensic pathology, prostate, gleason score, histopathology, elderly.
Saich T.A and Tien S.O, *Kam C.W
Page: 245 - 246
Research Article
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 238-244, August, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Clinical diagnostic indices of hypertensive patients
*1Obimba, Kelechukwu Clarence, 2Ozougwu, Jevas Chibuike, 3Ihedimbu, Chiamaka Perpetua and 4Nwakamma, Gerald
1,3Department of Biochemistry, School of Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
2Physiology and Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Rhema University Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.
4Department of Optometry, School of Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Imo State. Nigeria.
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 11 August, 2015
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the use of some clinical indices as diagnostic parameters of hypertension. Twenty (20) healthy, normotensive human subjects and twenty (20) hypertensive patients were subjected to diastolic (D) and systolic (S) blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), serum creatinine (C), serum magnesium (Mg2+), serum sodium (Na+), serum total cholesterol (Ch), serum triglyceride (T), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) analyses. The experimental design is a single factor completely randomized design (CRD). Results recorded of the healthy human subjects and hypertensive patients, expressed as mean ± standard error (S.E) (unit) were as follows : (D) 75.6±1.7 and 98.11±0.9 (mmHg), (S) 120.52 ± 9.14 and 156.87 ± 11.23 (mmHg), (BMI) 15.3±0.7 and 27.01±1.7(kg/m2), (C)1.2 ± 0.1and 1.8 ± 0.2 (mg/dl), (Mg2+) 2.4 ± 0.1 and 1.11±0.63 (mm/L), (Na+)138 ± 1.16 and 149± 0.23, (Ch) 175±1.2 and 225±8.1(mg/dl), (T) 76±1.3 and 125±2.1(mg/dl), (AST) 12.18 ± 1.16 and 22.5 ± 2.16 (U/l), (FBS) 82.18 ± 9.16 and 98.87± 14.23 (mg/dl). The mean values of D, S, BMI, Na+, Ch, T, AST and FBS were significantly higher (p<0.05) : but those of Mg2+ were significantly lower (p<0.01) in hypertensive patients compared with healthy human subjects. Incidence of hypertension correlated positively and significantly (p<0.05) with significant increase (p<0.05) in S, D, BMI, FBS, AST, Ch, T, and Na+; and significant decrease (p<0.01) in Mg2+. The statistical regression and correlation between serum total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure of hypertensive patients were significant (p<0.05), r = 0.975. Observed values of systolic blood pressure could be used with high precision to predict serum total cholesterol levels of hypertensive patients.
Key words: Normotensive, hypertension, diastolic, body mass index, high blood pressure.
Jevas Chibuike, Gerald , *Obimba , Kelechukwu Clarence, Ozougwu , Chiamaka Perpetua and Nwakamma, Ihedimbu
Page: 238 - 244
Research Article
Full Length Research Paper
Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Özge Tandoğan Aydoğan, İhsan Çetin and Yağmur Köklükaya
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
E-mail: Ö[email protected]
Accepted 30 July, 2015
Abstract
Ninety four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (N= 37) and Otolaryngology (ORL) (N= 57) during one year (2001-2002) at the Rabta hospital (Tunisia) have been investigated by using serotyping, pyocintyping, drug susceptibility, M13-PCR and PFGE typing. Result shown that most of the isolates at the ICU belonged to serotype O:12 (11/37) that showed high resistance to commonly used antimicrobials ( -lactamins, aminosids, and quinolone) and a predominance for pyocinotype P10. Despite the frequent occurrence of identical serotypes and pyocinotypes, most of the isolates represent unique RAPD-M13 genotype (88/94). PFGE typing detected three distinct clusters amongst the O12 isolates, suggesting a clonal relatedness among multiresistant O12 isolates. This study illustrates the importance of phenotypic and genotypic epidemiological surveillance of predominant O12 serotype clones in such service in local hospital.
Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, epidemiology, clonal diffusion, multidrug resistance.
İhsan Çetin and Yağmur Köklükaya, Özge Tandoğan Aydoğan
Page: 232 - 237
Research Article
Full Length Research Paper
Allergic rhinitis clinics caused by house dust mites (HDM) and pollens
Özge Tandoğan Aydoğan
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Email: Ö[email protected]
Accepted 3 June, 2015
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare allergic rhinitis clinics caused by two most common allergens: house dust mites (HDM) and pollens. Three hundred and fifty patients were evaluated. These patients were pure pollen or HDM allergic according to skin prick test (51 HDM+, 299 Pollen+). Mainly, HDM were allergens for perennial allergic rhinitis, while pollens were for seasonal allergic rhinitis (p < 0.01). Both groups were found with similar symptom frequency except palatal, ocular, throat itching and eye redness indicating mostly pollen allergy (p < 0.05). Seasonal exacerbations used for the differential diagnosis were found to be very significantly different. Spring and autumn were the seasons where pollen allergy symptom exacerbation was mainly seen (p < 0.01) . HDM allergy was uniquely found with symptom exacerbations in winter (p < 0.05). Rural area visit was found dominating triggering factor for pollen allergy (p < 0.05). The most common triggering factor was house dust exposure in HDM+ group (p < 0.05). HDM allergy being mostly mimicking pollen allergy in allergic rhinitis, however, differs from it with some clinical features. This could be detected with detailed history taken from the allergic rhinitis patients. While doing definitive diagnosis, prick test may be helpful with a clear patient history in patients hard to diagnose.
Key words: Mite, pollen, allergy, rhinitis.
oğan Aydoğan, Özge T
Page: 229 - 231