International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-013, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the effects of ciprofloxcin or gatifloxacin on neurotransmitters levels in rat cortex and hippocampus

Sayed M. Rawi¹*, Nadia M. S. Arafa² and Mansour M. El-Hazmi¹

¹Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais King AbdulAziz University, Saudi Arabia.

²Associate prof. physiology, Faculty of Education S.D.(Girls) Jazan University Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 07 July 2017

Abstract

The objective of the present work is to study the possible role of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) side effects due to the administration of ciprofloxacin (80 mg/kg body weight) and gatifloxacin (32 mg/kg body weight) in male albino rats for 3, 7 and 14 days.The frontal cortex of ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin treated groups revealed decrease of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine and serotonin levels and elevation of aspartate, asparagine, glycine, serine and norepinepherine levels and acetylecholinestrase (AChE) activities in a time related effect. In the hippocampus area, the results varied in each antibiotic where in ciprofloxacin treated groups, there is an elevation of asparagine, GABA, glycine, serine, taurine, norepinepherine and dopamine levels and a reduction of glutamate, aspartate and serotonin levels and AChE activities in a time related effect. In gatifloxacin treated groups, there is an elevation of glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, GABA, glycine, taurine and norepinepherine and reduction in the levels of dopamine and serotonin and the AChE activities. The histopathological examinations showed sever congestion with perivascular oedema in the blood vessels and capillaries of cerebral cortex as well as of the hippocampus. Overall, the data suggest that there is a shift in the balance between neurotransmitters towards increased production of excitatory potency in groups subjected to ciprofloxacin or gatifloxacin administration.

Key words: Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Amino Acids, Monoamines, Acetylcholinesterase.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation between clinicopathology and expression of heat shock protein 72 in human primary lung carcinomas

Yan Fang, Xiao-Ping Wang*, Huan-Ping Lin and Qiao-Xia Wang

¹Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pathology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P. R. China.

Accepted 20 July, 2017

Abstract

Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 in the development and progression of different carcinomas, but detailed information is still ambiguous. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and immunolocalization of HSP72 in human primary lung carcinoma. The expression of HSP72 was studied in 96 human primary lung carcinomas with or without metastasis, as well as in tissues adjacent to cancer by way of immunohistochemistry. The distribution of HSP72 immunoreactive was examined by continuous cell counting in restricted fields by pathology photograph analysis. HSP72 immunoreactivities were detected in 90 of 96 primary tumors (93.7%). The expression of HSP72 has a correlation with the differentiation of primary lung carcinoma. HSP72 expression in lung carcinomas with lymph node and organ metastasis was significantly higher than those with non-metastasis. The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the expression of HSP72 and the progression of primary lung carcinomas. HSP72 expression were significantly associated with the presence of tumor infiltration, lymph node and remote metastasis. The expression characters of HSP72 in primary lung carcinoma may contribute to study the pathogenesis and progression of lung carcinoma.

Key words: Heat shock protein 72, primary lung carcinoma, clinicopathology, prognosis.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Nutritional and elemental analyses of some selected fodder species used in traditional medicine

Ali Bahadur¹, Zubeda Chaudhry¹, Gul Jan¹, Mohammad Danish¹, Atta ur Rehman¹, Rafiq Ahmad¹, Aman khan¹, Shah Khalid³, Irfan ullah⁴, Zahir Shah⁵, Farman Ali², Tahira Mushtaq¹ and Farzana Gul Jan⁶

¹Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.

²Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.

³Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

⁴Government Post Graduate College for Boys, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 13 May, 2017

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional value and elemental analysis of some fodder plant species. Proximate composition of proteins, crude fibers, fats and oils, moisture, ash contents and carbohydrates and elemental composition of aerial parts have been determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). A total of 16 elements; Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Rb, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ti, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cl have been measured. Their concentrations were found to vary in different samples.

Key words: Nutritional and elemental analyses, fodder species, traditional uses.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Preparation of ambroxol hydrochloride carboxymethyl chitosan micropheres without burst release

Hongfei Liu¹*, Yan He², Zhaoying³ and Peng Ke⁴

¹College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.

²School of Chinese Material Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.

³Shenyang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenyang, 110016, China.

⁴School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.

Accepted 22 June, 2016

Abstract

The aim of this article was to fabricate novel ambroxol hydrochloride carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres without burst release. Firstly the blank carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres were fabricated by the emulsion chemical cross-linking method and the blank microspheres showed a controllable biodegradation in vitro in lysozyme solution. Then the ambroxol hydrochloride microspheres were prepared by the column method. The type of bonding between ambroxol hydrochloride and carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres was investigated by X-ray diffraction; the results showed that the drug chemically bonds to the ion exchangeable structure of the microspheres. The evaluation of the microspheres was investigated by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV spectrophotometer. The microspheres were spherical and consistent, and had an average diameter of 7.4 m, the drug content of the microspheres was 15.3±0.7% (w/w). Finally the in vitro drug release was tested in different ionic concentration dissolution mediums. The results showed that the microspheres had a sustained-release profile for 8 h in vitro without obvious burst release.

Key words: Ambroxol hydrochloride, carboxymethyl chitosan, lung-targeting; microsphere, in vitro.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluaion of the effect of malathion on lipid peroxidation on production of MDA

Abdulaziz M. Al-Othman¹, Khaled S. Al-Numair¹, Gaber E. El-Desoky^2,3, Kareem Yusuf², Zeid A. Al Othman², Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud^3,4* and John P. Giesy^5,6,7,8

¹Department of Community Health Sciences, College of College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

²Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

³Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.

⁴College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2245, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

⁵Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

⁶Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

⁷School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.

⁸Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 22 July, 2016

Abstract

Protection from effects of the organophosphate insecticide, malathion on the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats by -tocopherol and selenium was investigated. Significantly greater (P<0.01) mean concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lesser concentrations (P<0.01) of reduced glutathione (GSH) and tissues total proteins were observed in liver and kidney of rats exposed to malathion. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were less in livers and kidneys of rats exposed to malathion. These effects caused by exposure to malathion were reversed when rats were subsequently treated orally with 100 mg/kg b.w. tocopherol and/or 0.1 mg selenium/kg b.w. Both tocopherol and selenium (Se) reduced the concentration of MDA, and increased concentration of total proteins and reduced glutathione and mean activities of SOD, CAT and GPx, to levels that were not significantly different from unexposed, control rats, previous to exposure to malathion. Selenium was significantly ( P<0.05) more effective at recovering activities of SOD and GPx in liver and kidney of malathion treated rats than was - tocopherol, whereas, -tocopherol was significantly (P<0.05) more effective at recovering activities of CAT in liver and kidney than was Se. Both -tocopherol and Se were effective in alleviating oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats caused by malathion.

Key words: Oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E, selenium.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti atherosclerotic effects of verjuice on hypocholesterolemic rabbits

Mahbubeh Setorki¹*, Bahar Nazari², Sedighe Asgary³, Leila Azadbakht^4,5 and Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei⁶

¹Department of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran.

²Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

³Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

⁴Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

⁵Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran.

⁶Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharekord, Iran.

Accepted 22 June, 2016

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of verjuice on atherosclerosis risk factors in rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich diet for how long. Two New Zealand rabbits were used for this study which lasted 8 weeks. The rabbits were divided to four groups and treated as follows normal diet, cholesterol-rich diet, cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with 5 ml verjuice and cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with 10 ml verjuice. The low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), nitrite, nitrate; factor VII, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after experimental feeding. In all groups, fatty streak formation in right and left coronary arteries were determined at the end of the study. Administration of low (5 ml) and high (10 ml) dose of verjuice significantly lowered the levels of fibrinogen (p<0.05) and atherosclerotic lesion in right and left coronary arteries (p<0.05). However, the serum level of nitrite and nitrate increased in both verjuice supplemented groups. Administration of 10 ml verjuice could significantly reduce the amount of MDA, ox-LDL, LDL-C (p<0.05). No significant effects were noted for CRP and factor VII after consumption of both doses of verjuice. We conclude that verjuice could reduce some atherosclerotic risk factors in long term treatment.

Key words: Atherosclerosis, fatty streak formation, fibrinogen, verjuice.