International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An investigation into the therapeutic effect of local application of Trichloroacetic Acid, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and normal saline for aphthous ulcers minor

Mohammed A.A

Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 14 September, 2019

Abstract

The author attempted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of local application of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and normal saline for aphthous ulcers minor (AUM) . Fifty four patients with AUM were enrolled in this study between January, 2002 and December, 2004. They were divided blindly into 3 equal groups , 18 patients managed with local application of 30% TCA ,18 treated by local 6% H2O2 and the last group by 0.9% normal saline locally also (control group), all patients were followed up after 3 - 7 days. Assessments by clinical examination were performed, depending on 3 criteria, tingling and pain, tenderness and surrounding erythema. Thirty two patients = 42.5% belong to (20 - 29) years age group, the male to female ratio was 0.6:1. Commonest site of AUM was labial and buccal mucosa (14 patients = 25.9%), 38 patients =70% were non smoker, there were 3 male patients and one female affected when they give up cigarette smoking, 19 out of 54 patients (35%) treated with the three agents went into remission. Treatment success was observed in 13 out of 18 (72.2%) patients with 30% TCA, whereas only 5 out of 18 (28%) patients treated by local application of 6% hydrogen H2O2 went into remission and only one patient improved in control group (5.5%) . Based on our findings, 30% TCA was a potential agent with minimal side effects for treatment of AUM. Further extensive prospective controlled study is warranted to verify our statements. However, as for local application of (H2O2), further investigation with different concentration is compelling.

Key words: Trichloroacetic acid, aphthous ulcer, hydrogen peroxide.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the comparative value of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root decoction vs. omeprazole and misoprostol for the treatment of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats

Serif M.S, Biraz V.S and Vitro F.A

Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 12 August, 2019

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root decoction vs. omeprazole and misoprostol for the treatment of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Animals were randomly assigned first to the “prophylaxis” and “treatment” groups and then to the test and the control groups. Liquorice decoction (25 ml/kg; i.g.); omeprazole (2.3 mg/kg; i.p.) and misoprostol (50 g/kg; i.g.) were administered for 3 consecutive days 30 min before aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.g.) administration, in the prophylaxis group. In the treatment group, aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.g.) was administered for 3 consecutive days, and then other drugs were administered at the same doses as the prophylaxis group daily for 4 weeks. According to histopathologic evaluation, misoprostol showed significant protection; however, liquorice decoction and omeprazole failed to protect. In the treatment group histopathological examinations showed no significant difference among liquorice decoction, misoprostol and omeprazole regarding aspirin-induced ulcer treatment; ulcers in all treatment groups were completely cured. The results of this study suggest that Glycyrrhiza glabra can be used for the treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers as an inexpensive alternative to misoprostol and omeprazole.

Key words: Aspirin, liquorice, misoprostol, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs induced ulcers, omeprazole.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An assessment of the prevalence and factors associated with healing outcomes of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers among patients with spinal cord injury in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Okoro K.A, Komoni H.D and Precious Edoka Phillips

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.

Accepted 03 July, 2019

Abstract

Pressure ulcers remain a perennial challenge in the management of patients with spinal cord injury in developing countries due to lack of preventive facilities and trained personnel. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with healing outcomes of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers among patients with spinal cord injury in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. A retrospective case chart review of patients with spinal cord injury between January, 1997 and December, 2006 was carried out. Data were gleaned on gender, age, marital status, presence and number pressure ulcers per patient, worst hit body site by pressure ulcer, cause of spinal cord injury, spinal cord injury level, American spinal injury association impairment score (AIS), diabetes status, stage of worst hit body site and outcomes of healing. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics at α 0.05. The prevalence of pressure ulcers in the study was 51.58%. The sacrum and coccyx (56.20%) were the worst hit body sites by pressure ulcers. Gender (p = 0.00), aetiology of spinal cord injury (p = 0.01) and stage of worst hit body site by PU (p = 0.00) were associated with healing outcomes. The prevalence of pressure ulceration was high with a high majority of the ulcers not healing.

Key words: Pressure ulcers, retrospective, spinal cord injury.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Review 

A detailed description of the assessment of ulcer and its causative factors along with medicinal plants having antiulcer efficacy

Mittal F.A, Azim V.O and Lakshmi M.M

Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 12 August, 2019

Abstract

Gastric ulcer generally results from persistent erosions and damage of the stomach wall which become perforated and develops into peritonitis and massive haemorrhage as a result of inhibition of the synthesis of mucus, bicarbonate and prostaglandins. The commercially available antiulcer drugs usually have various side effects. Due to these side effects, there is a need to find new antiulcerogenic compound(s) with potentially less or no side effects and medicinal plants have always been the main source of new drugs for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Several hundred plant genera are used medicinally mainly in the form of herbal preparation in indigenous system of medicine in different countries for the treatment of ulcers. In this review, we have given a detailed description of ulcer and its causative factors along with medicinal plants with antiulcer potency.

Key words: Helicobacter pylori, Meckel‟s Diverticulum ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the determinants of the effects of Aloe vera on indomethacin induced ulcers in rats

Borris N.K*, Arriel J.S and Roa B.S

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India.

Accepted 13 July, 2019

Abstract

This study was performed to determine the effects of Aloe vera on indomethacin induced ulcers in rats. Albino rats (Wister strain) of either sex weighing between 150 and 200 gms were randomly allotted into four groups with six animals each. Indomethacin was administered orally in the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight and kept fasting for 6 h. A. vera powder was mixed with gum acacia, the solution was administered orally through the oral gavage to rats in the dose of 200 mg/kg. Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally as a standard drug for present study. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and stomachs were opened and stored in 5% formalin solution, ulcer index and histological changes were studied. Student-‘t’ test analysis was used for the present study. It was found that A. vera showed statistically significant anti-ulcer activity comparable to standard drug omeprazole. The mean ulcer indexes of two drugs were statistically significant (P value is < 0.001). Therefore, the results were suggestive of anti ulcerogenic activity of A. vera.

Key words: Aloe vera, gastric ulcer, indomethacin, omeprazole.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10(1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Knowledge of hypertension among the staff of University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Ali Arazeem Abdullahi¹ and Jimoh Amzat²

¹Department of Sociology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

²Department of Sociology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.

Accepted 26 March, 2019

Abstract

Several lines of evidence have suggested that hypertension and its related complications are major health problems not only in Nigeria but the entire world. Thus, this study examined the awareness about the risk factors and complications associated with hypertension at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Questionnaire instrument was used to collect data from a randomly selected 556 subjects selected across faculties, departments and sectional units of the University. The descriptive statistics showed that some members of staff demonstrated a relatively high level of knowledge about the complications associated with hypertension but knowledge about the risk factors and attitude towards the illness was still low. However, level of education significantly influences awareness of complications (at 0.05) and knowledge of risk factors (at 0.05). On-job screening and educative programmes are fundamental ways to improve knowledge about hypertension at the work-place.

Key words: Awareness, knowledge, hypertension, high blood pressure, risk factors, complications.