International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 365-370, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
 

Full Length Research Paper

Screenplay of pharmacovigilance among nursing staff in Bangalore

Padmavathi G. V.¹*, Beere Nagaraju², Divakara P.³, Suresh Kumar P.⁴, Surendranath A.⁵

and Sunil R. Patel⁶

¹Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Hina College of Nursing, Bangalore 560064, India.

²Medical Department (Pharmacy), South Western Railway Divisional Hospital, Bangalore 560023, India.

³BE Centre of Clinical Operation, Apotex Pvt Limited, Bangalore 560099, India.

⁴Wintac Limited, Nelamangala, Bangalore 562123, India.

⁵Department of Pharmacy, Sri Devraj Urs Medical College and Hospital, Kolar563101, India.

⁶Medical Affairs department, Micro Labs Limited, 27 Race course Road, Bangalore- 56000, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +91 9341228168.

Received 08 October, 2012; Accepted 01 February, 2013

Abstract

Pharmacovigilance is an important and integral part of clinical research. With burgeoning reports of adverse drug reactions (ADR) due to pharmacotherapy, pharmacovigilance (PV) is the buzz word in health care circles. India has 15 thousand hospitals having bed strength of 6lakh, 24 thousand. It is the fourth largest producer of pharmaceuticals in the world. It is emerging as an important clinical trial hub in the world. Many new drugs are being introduced in our country. Adverse drug reactions enhance suffering of patients and increase morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness of nursing staff working in Bangalore regarding PV, and its reporting. A questionnaire containing 27 questions was prepared and distributed to 230 nurses. Response rate of this survey was 64.35%. Out of these, 31.76% were hospital nurses, 26.35% were community nurses and 41.89% were teaching field nurses. Only 40.54% of nurses were found to know the broad meaning of pharmacovigilance. The correct meaning of the term 'adverse drug reaction' was known to 27.70% nurses. Majority of nurses (77.03%) did not report the ADRs noticed by them. Only 4.05% nurses had tentative information that reporting can be done at national monitoring center and/or regional monitoring centers and/or peripheral monitoring centers. Further, only 3.38% nurses knew Victoria Hospital/Bangalore Medical College as the ADR monitoring centers of Bangalore. Out of these, only 0.68% nurses had the phone number and/or address of these centers. It indicates that the ADR reporting is done by nurses at places other than official monitoring centers. Nurses reported ADRs to physicians, Head Nurse, product management team, Pharmacist and chief pharmacist. Nurses in Bangalore have poor basic knowledge of Pharmacovigilance, ADR and its reporting. Nurse's participation in ADR reporting is negligibly low. Education and training of nurses is essential to improve the ADR reporting. Nurse's active participation along with other healthcare providers would increase the ADR reporting rate. Pharmacovigilance should be included in the nursing curriculum.

Key words: Adverse drug reaction, adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting, pharmacovigilance, nurse.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 357-360, February, 2013.  © International Scholars Journals

Case report

Coexistence of anaplastic and papillary thyroid carcinomas and diagnostic pitfalls of fine needle aspiration

Eid Alfadhli¹*, Mahmoud Alawadhi² and Aysha AlJassar³

¹Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait.

²Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Amiri Hospital, Kuwait.

³Depatrment of Pathology, Kuwait Cancer Centre, Kuwait.

 *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel (+965) 2245005, Ext-2079. Fax: (+965) 2 2447584

Received 12 August, 2013 Accepted 07 February, 2013

Abstract

 Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly aggressive thyroid cancer with a dismal prognosis. We report a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma coexisting with papillary carcinoma. This is an extremely rare occurrence and is considered to have negative prognostic significance.

Key words: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, fine needle aspiration.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 351-356, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Review 

Effect of human papilloma virus in HIV infected person: A mini review

Solomon Sisay¹, Woldaregay Erku², Mulugeta Belay³, Zufane Sisay², Moges Tiruneh⁴, Desalegn Woldeyohannes⁵*

¹Department of Biomedicine, School of Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia

²Department of Medical Microbiology,  Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

³Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

⁴Department of Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

⁵Department of Public Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

*Corresponding author. E-mail:[email protected]

Received 12 December, 2012; Accepted 14 February, 2013

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected person has greater frequency and severity of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cervical dysplasia than uninfected person. One of the risk factors for HPV infection and subsequent neoplasia of lower genital tract is impaired cell mediated immunity like in HIV patients. There is no clear information about infection of HPV and HIV in the same cell, but there is evidence which indicates role of HIV on HPV at molecular level.  The impact of HPV on HIV is not also clearly understood. Currently, no data suggest that HPV acts differently in HIV positive person, but HPV persist in the lesion. Treatment for HPV in HIV patients involves both correction of immuno-suppression and combination of standard treatment use to clear HPV. HIV sero-positivity is known to be associated with an increased prevalence of ano-genital HPV infections in both sexes. Little is known whether HPV vaccine in HIV positive person can mount and maintain protective antibody titer against HPV infection. HIV positive women should undergo gynecological examination and vaccination against HPV genotypes to prevent the development of cervical cancer. The objective of this review is to indicate the interaction of HPV with HIV in modulating pathogenesis and disease progression in co-infected individuals.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), HIV infected person, effect, risk factor.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 361-362, February, 2013.  © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

A case of involuntary spasm movements in amputation stump

Sevda Erer Ozbek¹, Mehmet Zarifoglu¹, Necdet Karli¹

¹Department of Neurology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Parkinson

Disease & Movement Disorders Clinics. Bursa, Turkey.

*Corresponding author. E-mail:[email protected]. Tel:+ 90 224 295 17 21

Received 08 January, 2012; Accepted 28 February 2013.

Abstract

Painful jumping stump is characterized by persistent choreiform or myoclonic involuntary movements and severe neuropathic pain in the stump of a limb following amputation. This syndrome is also defined as„ trepidation du moignon‟, convulsive movements of the stump” or“jumpy stump”.The pathophysiology and etiology have not yet been clearly defined. We describe a seventy four year old man, who has severe neuropathic pain and involuntary muscle contractions in the amputation stump. We suggest that, there is a need for further clinical and electrophysiological investigations in order to understand that exact mechanisms play a role in the devolopment of the disorder.

Key words: Jumpy stump, chorea, myoclonus, painful limbs, neuropathic pain.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 339-350, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals

Review 

Biomolecular basis of the role of chronic  psychological stress in the development and progression of Atherosclerosis

Bipradas Roy* and Mahbub E Sobhani

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

*Corresponding Author. E-mail:[email protected] . Tel: +8801737260794

Received 18 August, 2012; accepted 21 February, 2013

Abstact

Psychological stress has extreme adverse consequences on health. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate and accelerate the process of atherosclerosis due to stress hormone are not well defined. This review has focused on diverse molecular paths that come out in response to chronic psychological stress via the release of excessive glucocorticoids (GCs), involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. GCs acts as a pathological agent of insulin resistance (IR), inhibition of NO and prostacyclin synthesis, over synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Angiotensin-II (AT-II). All these processes may induce changes in blood pressure through different mechanisms. In one side high blood pressure may disrupts the arterial endothelial cells and on the other side IR triggers the increased production of very low density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL penetrates through the disrupted endothelial linings into the sub-endothelial space and converts into oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL).Ox-LDL binds to the arterial endothelial cells and signals for the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules and other peptides. Circulatory monocytes bind to the vascular cell adhesion molecules and penetrate through the endothelial layer and convert into macrophage within the sub endothelial space. Macrophages and some vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the medial layer engulf the Ox-LDL and convert into foam cells. VSMC also migrate from the medial layer and arrange around the dead necrotic core of the foam cells to form a fibrous cap as well as atherosclerotic plaque.

Key words: Chronic psychological stress, Glucocorticoid, Insulin Resistance, LDL,AG-II, VSMC, Atherosclerosis. 

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 363-364, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
 

Case report

Role of clinical auditing and supervision in diagnosing lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in a child with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report of a 6 year old boy from Yola, Nigeria

¹Baba Usman Ahmadu, Adamu Ijapa Apagu¹, Rabasa Adamu Ibrahim²

¹Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Nigeria.

²Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno, Nigeria

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].Tel:+2348033668948        

Received 20 December, 2012; Accepted 23 February 2013

Abstract

Cases of Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus are now becoming more common than was previously thought off. The pneumonitis responds well to systemic steroids, and fatal cases are rare if diagnosed and commenced on appropriate therapy. The diagnosis of lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in this case report was achieved through our clinical auditing and supervision as part of risk management of patients. Our patient did well on prednisolone before antiretroviral drugs was introduced based on WHO clinical stage 3 disease, and we present details of the case herein.

Key words: Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, Human immunodeficiency virus, risk management, Yola, Nigeria.