International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the evaluation of the anti-ulcerogenic activity of hyaluronic acid against ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

Yatim R.A, Rais B.B and Shah N.S

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, ombak, Selangor, Malaysia.

Accepted 01 January, 2020

Abstract

The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of hyaluronic acid against ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Four groups of adult Sprague Dawley rats were orally pre-treated respectively with distilled water (ulcer control groups), omeprazole (reference group), high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and 0.8% hyaluronic acid gel (experimental groups) one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with omeprazol, and both types of hyaluronic acid gel, exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury. Histological studies of the gastric wall revealed that ulcer control group exhibited severe damage of gastric mucosa; along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with hyaluronic acid gels which showed comparatively gastric mucosal protection, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer. The present finding suggests that high molecular weight hyaluronic acid gel promotes higher ulcer protection.

Key words: Hyaluronic acid gel, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, histology.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of anti-ulcer, anti-secretory and anti-helicobacter pylori effects of folkloric medicinal plant, Fumaria vaillantii L, in rats

Ali Z.A,* Bhutto M.A and Zulfiqar J.P

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicinal Plants and Alternative Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Accepted 03 January, 2020

Abstract

This paper evaluated anti-ulcer, anti-secretory and anti-helicobacter pylori effects of folkloric medicinal plant, Fumaria vaillantii L, in rats. Different toxic agents; ethanol (80%), NaOH (0.2 mol/L), NaCl (25%) and indomethacin (30 mg/kg, body weight) were used to produce acute gastric ulceration in rats. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken by using pylorus-ligation, Shay rat technique. F. vaillantii L aqueous extract (Aq-FV) was used in three doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight). Aq-FV was further tested for anti-H. pylori activity. Extract significantly attenuated gastric mucosal damage induced by toxic agents and indomethacin in rats. Aq-FV restored partially mucus secretion in indomethacin model. In pylorus-ligated rats, Aq-FV significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and ulceration. Aq-FV possesses significant and more potent anti- ulcer and cytoprotective activities against experimentally-induced gastric ulcers in comparison to Omeprazole. Extract showed significant but less potent anti-H. pylori activity in comparison to Clarithromycin. Evaluation agreed with the folkloric use of F. vaillantii L as anti-ulcer and anti-secretory tool.

Key words: Fumaria vaillantii L, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, gastric secretion, gastric wall mucus, anti-helicobacter pylori.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on anti-ulcer potential of the ethanol extract of stem bark of F. religiosa against in vivo indomethacin

Akor M.S, Jess Silva and Purri D.A

Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Accepted 02 January, 2019

Abstract

Ficus religiosa is being used in Ayurvedic and Malay traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including gastric ulcer. Considering the above claims, the present work was undertaken to validate the anti-ulcer potential of the ethanol extract of stem bark of F. religiosa against in vivo indomethacin- and cold restrained stress-induced gastric ulcer, and pylorus ligation assays. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the ulcer index in all assays used. The extract also significantly (P<0.05) and increased the pH of gastric acid while at the same time reduced the volume of gastric juice and, free and total acidities. In conclusion, the present study provide preliminary data on the antiulcer potential of F. religiosa stem bark and support the traditional uses of the plant for the treatment of gastric ulcer.

Key words: Ficus religiosa, stem bark, ethanol extract, gastric ulcer, pylorus ligation, indomethacin, cold stress induced gastric ulcers, ulcer index.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of Ethanol extract of dietary vegetable, Gongronema latifolium, for anti-ulcer activity

Ikoro J.L

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.

Accepted 22 August, 2019

Abstract

Ethanol extract of dietary vegetable, Gongronema latifolium, was evaluated for anti-ulcer activity. The extract was obtained from air-dried, pulverized leaves of the plant following its maceration in ethanol, filteration with Whatman No. 1 filter paper and drying at 110°C. Fractionation of the dry crude ethanol extract was stepwisely carried out in with n-hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate, respectively, and their residual ethanol extract washed several times in ethanol. The four fractions were dried at low temperature and stored for use. The anti-ulcer activity of the crude extract was tested on indomethacin-induced and acid/ethanol-induced models of ulcer induction in rats. The activities of the fraction of the crude ethanol extract with respect, to reduction of ulcer index was evaluated only on indomethacin-induced ulcer model. The crude ethanol extract significantly (p<0.05) inhibited ulceration dose - dependently in the two ulcer models. This inhibition was higher in acid/ethanol model than in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model. The sub-fractions from the crude extract also inhibited ulcer with the chloroform fraction exhibiting the highest ulcer protection.

Key words: Gongronema latifolium, ulcer, protection, indomethacin, acid/ethanol.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An investigation into the gastro-protective effects of certain antidepressants in relation to ranitidine on indomethacin-induced ulcer in depressed rats

Anwar S.A, Sharif J.O, Yassat L.U and Dodi P.S

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Mansoura, Ad Daqahliyah 35516, Egypt. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 04 August, 2019

Abstract

The study investigated the gastro-protective effects of certain antidepressants in relation to ranitidine on indomethacin-induced ulcer in depressed rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 8). Induction of depression was done by clonidine (0.8 mg/kg; i.p.) for 10 days in all groups except the 1st one (normal control). Depressive-like behavior was confirmed by increased immobility time in forced swimming test. Groups 1 and 2 received saline (normal and depressed controls, respectively). Groups 3 to 6 received p.o. mirtazapine (10 mg/kg), escitalopram (10 mg/kg), venlafaxine (20 mg/kg) and ranitidine (50 mg/kg), respectively for 30 days. After the last treatment, gastric ulcer was induced using indomethacin (25 mg/kg; p.o.) in groups 2 to 6. An additional group received indomethacin alone (control indomethacin). Animals were sacrificed and ulcer scores were determined. Part of the stomach was preserved for histopathologic studies while the other part was used for determination of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) contents. Pretreatment with all antidepressants used ameliorated indomethacin-induced changes in rat stomach. Biochemical findings were supported by histologic studies. In conclusion, the observed gastroprotective effects of mirtazapine, escitalopram and venlafaxine are possibly mediated by modulation of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant effects.

Key words: Mirtazapine, escitalopram, venlafaxine, depression, indomethacin.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404  Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An assessment of bacteriological and empiric antibiotic regimens for diabetic foot ulcers

Julius S.D, Peterside S.P and Morgan G.G

Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, England, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.

Accepted 12 July, 2019

Abstract

Hundred diabetic patients were admitted with clinically infected foot ulcers and were studied during the period of 1^st January 2010 to 30^th June 2011. Pus samples of bacterial culture were collected from 30 patients admitted with diabetic foot infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aerobic isolates was performed by the standard disc diffusion method as recommended by National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards. Micro broth dilution test was arranged for susceptibility of anaerobic organisms to metronidazole and amoxicillin/clavulanate. A vencomycine screen agar (6 µg/ ml) was used to detect vencomycine intermediate isolates of Staphylococci. Clinical grading and bacteriological study of 100 patients revealed, 69 (69.0%) patients had Gram-negative organisms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common, while 21 (21.0%) patients had Gram-positive organisms and Staphylococci was the most common. Infection with anaerobic was found in one patient (1.0%). Both Gram-positive and – negative organisms were seen in 9 patients (9.0%). P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited a high frequency of resistance to the antibiotics tested. All the isolates were uniformly susceptible to fosfomycine, levofloxacin, amikacin and vencomycine. In this study P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, S. epidermidis and Proteus were the most common causes of diabetic foot infections. The rate of antibiotic resistance was 61.86% among the isolates. All the isolates were uniformly susceptible to fosfomycine, levofloxacine, amikacin and vencomycine.

Key words: Diabetic foot Ulcer, Staphylococcus aureus, common pathogens, antibiotic resistance.