International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 328-331, January, 2013 © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper

Maternal anaemia impact on maternal and perinatal outcome an observational study at University Hospital of Sindh

Naushaba Rizwan¹*, Syed Farhan Uddin² and Firdous Mumtaz¹

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sindh – Pakistan.

²Department of Physiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sindh – Pakistan.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 19 September, 2012; Accepted 01 January, 2013

Abstract

Anemia in pregnancy constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries and is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy and its impact on maternal and perinatal outcome. The specific plan or protocol for conducting the study is descriptive case series. This retrospective study was carried out from May 2011 to May 2012 in the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Unit-I) of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Sindh. A total 1225 women irrespective of reproductive age, social economic, educational and residential status were included in the study. Women with other medical disorders except anemia were excluded from the study. The women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were interviewed and the data was recorded on a predesigned proforma that recorded the Hb estimation, gest age, BMI, Parity, perinatal outcome (live birth, still birth, intrauterine death( IUD), IUGR (in intrauterine growth restriction).Univariate analysis was performed and also multivariate analysis was undertaken to control for confounding factors. Among 1225 women, 688were anemic (Hb< 11gm) prevalence of anemia was (56.1%). Risk of preterm delivery was 56.25%. Antepartum hemorrhage was found in 44(6.4%) patients. Retained placenta in 9(1.3%). PPH was found in 28(4.1%). Sepsis was noted in 125(18.2%). Maternal death occurred in 6(0.9%). Low birth weight was found in 96(14.0%).Perinatal mortality was 16(2.3%). Intrauterine death in 61(8.9%), low Apgar score at 1 minute was 69(10.0%) and at 5 minute was 16(2.3%) respectively. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome.

Key words: Anemia, Maternal outcome premature birth, perinatal mortality.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 332-338, January, 2013 © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper          

Ethno-botanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery

Johnsy G.*, Beena S. and Kaviyarasan V.

Center for Advanced studies in Botany, University of Madras, Maraimalai campus, Chennai – 600 0025,

Tamil nadu, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Received 30 August, 2012; Accepted 04 January, 2013

Abstract

Traditional uses of medicinal plants in healthcare practices are providing clues to new areas of research; hence their importance is now well recognized. However, information on the uses of indigenous plants for medicine is not well documented from many rural areas of Tamil Nadu including Kanyakumari District. The study aimed to look into the diversity of plant resources that are used by local people for curing diarrhea and dysentery. Questionnaire surveys, participatory observations and field visits were planned to elicit information on the uses of various plants. It was found that 50 plants species are commonly used by the local people for curing diseases. In most of the cases (27.57%) leaves were used. The knowledge on the total number of medicinal plants available in that area and used by the interviewees was positively correlated with people’s age, indicating that this ancient knowledge tends to disappear in the younger generation.

Key words: Indigenous plants, traditional uses, questionnaire, diarrhea, dysentery.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 317-320, January, 2013 © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Plain radiographic pattern of chronic sinusitis in Port Harcourt: our recent experience

Maduforo C. O.¹, Ibinaiye P. ² and Onotai L. O.*³

¹Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, University Of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

²Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 

³Department of Ear Nose and Throat Surgery, University Of   Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author.E-mail: [email protected]   

Received 08 January, 2012; Accepted 26 January, 2013.

Abstract

Chronic sinusitis is a globally common disease found in otolaryngology practice. Whereas, provisional diagnosis could be on the basis of clinical history and physical examination, radiology and sinus endoscopy are necessary in making definitive diagnosis and management protocol. Plain radiography is the mainstay of radiological diagnosis in most developing countries because it is cheap, simple and widely available. This study therefore established plain radiographic pattern of chronic sinusitis and highlighted our recent experience with these radiographs in the management of chronic sinusitis in our setting. A prospective study of radiographs of 120 patients with chronic sinusitis was carried out between May 2011 to March 2012 in Ear, Nose and Throat clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). The patients’ bio-data (age, gender), clinical features and plain radiographic findings were collected and entered into a proforma. The data was entered into the version 16 of the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS16). Simple descriptive statistics in the form of mean, frequency distribution tables and percentages were used to illustrate the data. Out of the 120 patients, 70 (58%) were males and 50 (41.7%) were females giving a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Age range was 1-75 years with average age of 39.1 years. The radiographic abnormalities are haziness or cloudiness, complete opacification, air-fluid level and muco-periosteal thickening. Eighty radiographs (66.7%) demonstrated abnormality in one or both maxillary sinuses; 41 (34.2%) in the ethmoid; 15 (12.5%) in the frontal and 2 (1.7%) in the sphenoidal sinus. The maxillary sinus was mostly involved in the disease process of chronic sinusitis. Besides, chronic sinusitis was found to be commoner in the young adults. However, plain radiographs of the paranasal sinuses are still useful in the management of chronic sinusitis despite its shortcomings in our setting.

Key words: Plain radiography, pattern, chronic sinusitis, Paranasal sinuses, Port Harcourt.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 307-316, January, 2013 © International Scholars Journals

Review

Biomolecular basis of the role of chronic psychological stress in the susceptibility of HIV infection and progression of AIDS

Mahbub E. Sobhani¹, Bipradas Roy¹, Tauhidur R. N¹, Shirin Pervin¹  and Md Mahmudul Hasan²

¹Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.

² Biotechnology, Claflin University, 400 Magnolia Street, Orangeburg, South Carolina, USA-29115

*Corresponding author.  E-mail: [email protected]

Received 02 December, 2012; Accepted 14 January, 2013

Abtract

Chronic Psychological stress (CPS) has several adverse effects both on HIV people and on HIV⁺ patient. HIV^- people with CPS are more susceptible to HIV infection than the HIV^- people without CPS. T-cells have CXCR4 receptor and Macrophages have CCR5 receptor which can bind with both glucocorticoid and catecholamine hormone. HIV has GP120 residue which is able to bind with both CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5 receptor for its entry into the host cells. CPS increases glucocorticoid and catecholamine concentration in blood and thereby activates cAMP signaling pathway through binding the CXCR4/CCR5 receptors expressed on T cells and macrophages. This signal transduction pathway leads to the synthesis of more CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors by those cells, and in turn the cells become more susceptible to HIV infection. On HIV⁺ patient stress hormones arrest the infected cell in G2 phase which is favorable for HIV replication. At the same time T-cells and macrophage are more susceptible to HIV, so HIV can infects a lot of immune cells and thereby makes the immune system weak. Stress also inhibits Th2 when the cell produces INF-γ as a response to viral attack. So that other cells remain vulnerable to viral infection. When T-cell count is decreased in the blood, the body cannot protect itself from other opportunistic infectious pathogens. As a result progression of AIDS increases rapidly.

Key words:  HIV, chronic stress, IFN, CCR5, CNS, glucocorticoid.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 321-372, January, 2013 © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Severity index by gender in adult patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)

Irene Aurora Espinosa de Santillana¹*, Maricruz Adauta García², Verónica Anuette Mayoral García² and Teresita Romero Ogawa³

¹Maxillofacial Surgery Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla,  Mexico

Research Scholar Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences University at Buffalo, USA

 ²Faculty of Stomatology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México.

³Department of Genetics Research: Behavioral Sciences Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, México.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 12 September, 2012; Accepted 06 January, 2013

Abstract

Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are conditions characterized by pain or dysfunction of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles. Females have been identified as the group most at risk of developing this pathology and the data indicate that females more frequently present grave symptoms, with greater tendencies to chronicity. The objective of this study is to determine the severity of TMD by gender in a group of outpatients of the clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry of Puebla. Observational study design, with 75 patients included (65% female). The severity of TMD, was evaluated with the Temporomandibular index (TMI) with three domains (function, articular, muscular), using the standardization of the researcher (kappa=0.96). Percentages and the mean of percentages of severity of TMD were calculated.  The outcomes of TMI were compared by gender. Total of severity index between gender shows that the means of the three sub-indices and the total index were higher in women, but only the muscle index showed significant differences (p=0.022). The total of severity Index showed marginal differences between the gender (p=0.074). The women reported more grave signs and symptoms of TMD, specifically in the perception of pain.

Key words: Temporomandibular disorders, gender, orofacial pain, severity of illness index, temporomandibular index, research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). 

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 2 (12) pp. 296-300, December, 2012.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Elevated circulating plasma adiponectin in normal weight male patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Zhao Jian Jun, Song Yu Ming, Wang Jing, Zhao Feng Qin, Tan Ping and Yang Lei*

Respiratory Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun 130033.

Ji Lin Province, China.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 26 September, 2012; Accepted 19 December, 2012

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a multi-component disease these days. There is growing evidence that persistent low-grade systemic inflammation present in COPD may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin (APN) is a secretory protein synthesized by adipocytes and has important anti-inflammatory as well as anti-atherosclerotic and anti-obesity effects，while little is known before regarding the importance of APN in pulmonary inflammation of human or animal subjects and to determine whether hyperadiponectinemia could be an underlying mechanism for COPD and whether there is a relationship between plasma adiponectin level and pulmonary function. Plasma samples were obtained from 68 normal weight male patients with stable COPD and 36 healthy control subjects. Plasma concentrations of APN were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary function testing and body mass index (BMI) were performed in all patients and control subjects. We found that plasma adiponectin levels in patients with stable COPD were significantly higher than that in control subjects (18.6 ± 2.4 μg/mL vs. 4.2 ± 0.8 μg/mL, P＜0.01). There was no correlation between adiponectin and FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC in COPD patients. Our data indicate that COPD patients exhibited higher plasma APN levels compared with healthy control subjects, suggesting a peculiar role for this protein in COPD pathogenesis.

Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), pulmonary function, adiponectin, plasma