International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of gallic acid on kidney and liver after experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rats

Mediha Canbek¹, Mehmet Cengiz Ustüner², Sahin Kabay³, Onur Uysal⁴, Hilmi Ozden⁵*, Gökhan Bayramoğlu¹, Hakan Sentürk¹, Cansu Ozbayar², Aysegül Bayramoglu², Derya Ustüner⁶ and Irfan Degirmenci²

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey.

²Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey.

³Department of Urology, Treating and Research Hospital, Dumlupınar University Kütahya, Turkey.

⁴Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey.

⁵Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey.

⁶Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey.

Accepted 24 June, 2016

Abstract

To investigate the effect of gallic acid (GA) on kidney and liver against oxidative stress during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, by determining biochemical parameters and evaluating histological examinations.

Key words: Gallic acid, ischemia-reperfusion, kidney, liver, antioxidant enzyme.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of roasting, boiling and microwaving cooking method on Doxycline residues in edible tissues of poultry by microbial method

Javadi A.

Food Hygiene Department, Veterinary Science Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran, 5157944533. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +0914-116-5059.

Accepted 21 October, 2016

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking processes like boiling, roasting and microwaving on Doxycline residues in chicken muscle, liver and gizzard tissues of broiler chickens. Each chick was fed by water and food with 0.1% of Doxycline in their drinking water for 5 consecutive days. Then, three locations were sampled aseptically from each carcass: Breast muscle, liver and gizzard. Doxcycline residue was analysed using microbial inhibition method by plates seeded with Escherichia coli. After doing different phases of the test on raw samples, the positive raw samples were cooked by various cooking procedures and we surveyed the cooked samples with a similar method again for the detection of residue. The results showed a reduction in the concentration of Doxycline residue after different cooking processes and a part of the residue in the boiling process were excreted from the tissue to the cooking fluid. Between the various agents affecting antibiotics residue after the cooking process, cooking time and temperature can play a major role in antibiotic residue reduction while cooking food. Regarding the results of this study, we can conclude that cooking processes do not guarantee a full elimination of these drugs present in condemned animals and it can only decrease its amounts.

Key words: Cooking, Doxycline, residue, poultry, edible, tissue.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN 2167-0404 Vol. 6 (9), pp. 345-355, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Microbial, biochemical and hematological indices of  antiretroviral (ART) treatment naïve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients

^*1Obimba, Kelechukwu Clarence, ²Alisi, Chinwe Sylvanus, ³Ozougwu, Jevas Chibuike, ⁴Eziuzor, Chukwunyelum Samuel, ⁵Obasi, Kingsley Uchechi, ⁶Nwufo, Kanayo Chekwube

^*1,2,5,6Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri. Imo State. Nigeria.

^3,4Department of Biological Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Rhema University Aba, Abia, State, Nigeria.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel. 07034851899.

Received 17 September, 2016; Revised 23 September, 2016; Accepted 26 September, 2016; Published 27 September, 2016

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the use of microbial, biochemical, and hematological indices as diagnostic and prognostic parameters of antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients. The experimental design was a single factor completely randomized design (CRD). Twenty (n=20) healthy seronegative human subjects (control) and fifty (n=50) HIV seropositive patients were subjected to in vitro qualitative HIV-1/HIV-2 assay, HIV viral load (vl) test, CD4+ T lymphocyte cells count, serum albumin (A), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum total bilirubin (Tb), serum total cholesterol (C), serum triglyceride (T), Hemoglobin (Hb) tests, and blood group and genotype tests (of the HIV seropositive patients) . Results on the HIV-1/HIV-2 assay: 35 (70%) HIV-2 seropositive patients, 3(6%) HIV-1/HIV-2 co-infection patients, 12(24%) HIV-1 seropositive patients. Results recorded of the control group  and HIV positive patients, expressed as mean ± standard error (S.E) (unit) were as follows : vl (0.0 ± 0) and (400 ±70) (copies/ml), CD4+ (1100 ± 100) and (350 ± 50) (/μL), A (4.45±0.1) and (2.81 ±0.05) (g/dl), AST (8.3±0.7) and (40.3±0.7) (U/l), Tb (0.62±0.2) and (2.10±0.3) (mg/dl), C (165 ± 3.4) and (100.8 ± 0.3) (mg/dl), T (125.8±4.7) and (150.8±1.7) (mg/dl), Hb (14.25  ±0.1) and (8.1 ± 0.3) (g/dl), respectively. Blood group and genotype test results (n=50): A=6(12%), B= 5(10%), AB=4(8%), O=35(70%); AA=10(20%), AS=40(80%). The mean values of vl, AST, Tb and T were significantly higher (p<0.05), but those of CD4+, A, C and Hb  were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the HIV seropositive patients compared with the control. The statistical regression and correlation between HIV viral copies/ml and Hb (g/dl) of HIV seropositive patients were significant (p<0.05)(r = 0.985), regression equation: Ŷ (copies/ml) = 160000 – 19703.704x_i (g/dl). Incidence of HIV infection correlated positively and significantly (p<0.05) with significant increase (p<0.05) in  vl, AST, Tb, T and significant decrease (p<0.05) in C, CD4+, A and Hb of the ART treatment naïve HIV seropositive patients. These significant differences/alterations could be used as effective criteria/yardstick for the diagnosis and prognosis of  HIV infection.

Key words: Lymphocyte, seropositive, prognosis, infection.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 340-344, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hepatitis B serologic markers among individuals with hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity in Makurdi, Nigeria

^*Odimayo M.S¹ (FMCPath), Nwadioha S.I²  (FMCPath) and Ajayi A. O³ (FWCP)

¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

²Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College Of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Nigeria.

³Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.

Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 30 April, 2016

Abstract

Hepatitis B Viral DNA load determination in our environment is still difficult to attain for general diagnostic and treatment purposes. Available serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are complex in interpretation. We determined the pattern of HBV serologic markers in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositive patients between June 2011 and March 2015. HBsAg seropositive patients were screened for other HBV serologic markers namely, antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), HBV e antigen (HBeAg), antibody to HBeAg (HbeAb) and antibody to HBV core antigen (HBcAb). Liver enzymes (AST, and ALT), age, sex and complaints of subjects were also documented. Sixty-three HBsAg seropositive patients consisting of 65.1% males and 34.9% females with age ranging from 15 to 80 years were enrolled. Majority (70%) was between 20-40 years old. All patients with HBsAg seropositivity were sero-negative for HBsAb. HBeAg seropositivity was seen in 4.7% (n=3/63). Among the 8% (n= 5/63) which were seropositive for HBeAb, 2 of them were also HBeAg seropositive. HBcAb seropositivity was 95.2% (n=60/63). Serum transaminase enzymes level was normal in 80% of patients. Commonest complaint (over 80%) was upper abdominal pain. We conclude that in absence of Hepatitis B Viral DNA load determination, understanding of serological markers of HBV is important in the management of patients with chronic HBV infection.

Key words: Hepatitis B Virus, sero-markers, laboratory diagnosis, Nigeria.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences ISSN: 2167-0404 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 332-339, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clinical diagnostic indices of obese patients

^*1Obimba, Kelechukwu Clarence, ²Ozougwu, Jevas Chibuike, ³Emejulu Ada A, and ⁴Ihedimbu, Perpetua Chiamaka

^*1,3.4Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology Owerri. Nigeria.

²Physiology and Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Rhema University, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.

Corresponding author. E mail: [email protected]. Tel. 07034851899.

Received 22 April, 2016; Accepted 13 May, 2016; Published 22 May, 2016

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the use of biochemical, hematological, blood pressure and anthropometric indices as diagnostic parameters of obesity. The experimental design was a single factor completely randomized design (CRD). Twenty (20) normal human subjects and thirty (30) obese patients were subjected to systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), serum glycated albumin (GA), fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum leptin (L), serum total cholesterol (C) and serum triglyceride (T) tests. Results recorded of the normal human subjects and obese patients, expressed as mean ± standard error (S.E) (unit) were as follows : SP (120.52 ± 9.14) and (146.87 ± 11.23) (mmHg), DP (75.6±1.7) and (90.11±0.9) (mmHg), BMI (15.3±0.7) and (30.5 ±1.7) (kg/m²), GA (15.5±0.2) and (13.1±0.3) (%), FBS (68.8±4.7) and (125.8±1.7) (mg/dl), AST (9.2 ±1.9) and (22.5 ±1.0) (U/l), HbA1c  (6.15 ±0.4) and (8.15 ±0.3) (%), L (10.5 ±1.0) and (31.5 ±1.0) (ng/ml.kg), C (170±1.5) and (195±2.0) (mg/dl), and T (175.51±2.3) and (110.2±0.215) (mg/dl), respectively. The mean values of SP, DP, and BMI, FBS, AST, HbA1c, L, C and T   were significantly higher (p<0.05), but that of GA was significantly lower (p<0.01) in obese patients compared with normal human subjects. The statistical regression and correlation between L (ng/ml.kg) and BMI (kg/m²) of obese patients were significant (p<0.05)(r = 0.963). Incidence of obesity correlated positively and significantly (p<0.05) with significant increase (p<0.05) in BMI, FBS, AST, HbA1c, L, C, T and significant decrease (p<0.01) in GA of the obese patients.  These significant differences/alterations could be used as effective criteria/yardstick for the diagnosis, and management/treatment of obesity or monitoring of recovery from obesity.

Key words: Leptin, glycated albumin, glycated hemoglobin.