ISSN 2756-3855
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Quantitative analysis of the 2009 pandemic A (H1N1) influenza virus genome at different time course of infection in virion and in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells
Lili Xu, Linlin Bao, Huihui Sun, Qi Lv, Lingjun Zhan, Fengdi Li, and Chuan Qin*
Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC); Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100021, China.
Accepted 28 March, 2019
Abstract
The 2009 pandemic A (H1N1) influenza virus was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and spread world wide over a short period of time. Well validated diagnostic methods that are rapid and sensitive for detection and tracking of this virus are urgently needed. In this study, time course kinetic characterizations of the abundances of all ten genes of the 2009 pandemic A (H1N1) influenza virus in standard virions and infected Madin- Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were monitored. Results showed that the amounts of each gene in infected cells were significantly higher than those in virions, so that cell lysates were more recommended to be the nucleotide materials detection object than virions. Meanwhile, all genes were present in virions in approximately equimolar amounts, whereas the copy numbers of each gene in cell lysates were distinguishing. The abundances of M1 and NP genes were highest and may be the optimized choice for nucleotide detection in infected cells. Furthermore, the most sensitive time point for viral nucleotide detection in cells was 48 to 56 h post infection. In infected MDCK cells, the total RNAs amounts of NP and NS1 genes began to rise at 3 h post infection, whereas other eight genes escalated from 8 h post infection just as the situation of all genes in standard virions. All these data may be useful for more sensitive diagnosis and surveillance of the novel A (H1N1) virus, and might further limit the transmission of this pandemic disease in the future.
Key words: The 2009 pandemic (H1N1) influenza virus, real-time PCR, virions, MDCK cells, abundance, sensitivity.
Huihui Sun, Fengdi Li, Lingjun Zhan, Lili Xu, Qi Lv, and Chuan Qin*, Linlin Bao
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury and in-hospital death following aortic arch surgery based on the RIFLE criteria
Lan Liu, Ying Zhang, Xiaomei Yang, Yamin Zhuang, Hua Liu and Chunsheng Wang*
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 136 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
Accepted 12 April, 2019
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) and death of patients undergoing aortic arch surgery based on the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage kidney diseases) criteria. AKI was diagnosed according to the RIFLE criteria in patients undergoing aortic arch reconstruction with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Clinical data of a total of 70 patients undergoing aortic arch reconstruction with DHCA from January 2009 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Known predictors (age, chronic kidney disease, surgery status, redo, diabetes, hypertension, blood transfusion, bypass, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time) were used in multivariate logistic regression analysis for acute kidney injury and in-hospital mortality. Thirty patients (42.9%) were diagnosed as Class I or F according to the RIFLE criteria, among which 10 patients (14.3%) required dialysis. The mortality rate was 11.4%. Risk factors for acute kidney injury included hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 5.27), postoperative hypoxemia (OR = 13.36) and prolonged vasopressor dependence (OR = 12.49). Risk factors for mortality included AKI (RIFLE class F) (OR = 9.86), post liver dysfunction (OR = 6.42) and prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR = 11.76). AKI is a common complication after aortic arch surgery with DHCA. RIFLE classification provides with a useful diagnostic tool for AKI, and also the chance for further studies on prevention and treatment of AKI after DHCA.
Key words: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, aortic arch surgery, risk factors, acute kidney injury.
Ying Zhang, Hua Liu and Chunsheng Wang*, Lan Liu, Xiaomei Yang, Yamin Zhuang
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-011, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of fungal content of some Arabic nuts to induce kidney toxicity and agonistic action of natural resources
A. A. Saddiq and S. A. Kalifa*
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 18 February, 2019
Abstract
Human and animals are exposed to a great extent of the danger of mycotoxic infection and their toxins due to wide spread of fungal growth on grains and food. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous toxins that are produced by fungi as a secondary metabolic products. This study aims to isolate and identify the fungi from some grains present in Arabian nuts. 30 samples were collected from commercial stores in Jeddah in the period from 2008 to 2009. Histological study was done on female rat kidney that was treated with isolated fungus Aspergillus flavus and the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Results showed the occurrence of several harmful effects of the experimental fungi and AFB1 on the kidney. Effects of “musk” and “sidr” extract as natural treating sources were confined in this study. They proved their effectiveness in treating renal mycotoxicity.
Key words: Arabian nuts, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1, kidney, musk deer, sidr.
A. A. Saddiq, S. A. Kalifa*
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The antitumor effects of Araloside A extracted from the root bark of Aralia elata on human kidney cancer cell lines
Liu Yu1, Liu Jinfeng2, Liu Zhenhong3, Liu Yanju3, Liu Mingna2, Jiang Jing2 and Xu Wanhai1*
1The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
3Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China.
Accepted 12 April, 2019
Abstract
Aralia elata was used as therapeutic medicine in oriental courtiers a few hundred years ago. As one important constituent extracted from Aralia elata, Araloside A has been shown to treat gastric ulcers, hepatitis, and arrhythmias. It is not yet known, however, whether Araloside A may induce cell apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. We therefore examined the antitumor effects of Araloside A on human kidney cancer cell lines GRC- 1 and 786-O. We found that Araloside A 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 M caused a considerable reduction of cellular viability of GRC-1 1 and 786-O cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The number of Tunnel-positive cancer cells was also higher in cells treated with Araloside A than untreated cells. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques showed that Araloside A was able to increase the expression of bax mRNA and inhibited the expression of bcl-2 mRNA. Conclusively, Araloside A has a remarkably antitumor effect on kidney tumor cells through regulating bax/bcl-2 ratio.
Key words: Araloside A, antitumor, bax/bcl-2.
Liu Jinfeng, Liu Yanju, Jiang Jing and Xu Wanhai*, Liu Yu, Liu Mingna, Liu Zhenhong
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of the effect of Echinacea purpurea extract on the accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney: Apoptotic - mitotic activity of liver cells
Virgilijus Zitkevicius1*, Alina Smalinskiene2, Nijole Savickiene3, Arunas Savickas4, Stanislovas Ryselis4, Ilona Sadauskiene5, Leonid Ivanov5 and Vaiva Lesauskaite2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuanian
2Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuanian.
3Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuanian.
4Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuanian.
5Institute for Biomedical Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania. Kaunas, A.Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307, Lithuanian.
Accepted 12 March, 2019
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an important industrial pollutant, even though its mechanism of toxicity has not been completely clarified. Although Cd2+ is toxic to a wide range of organs and tissues, liver and kidneys are the primary target organs of cadmium toxicity. Cd2+ induces apoptosis, mitotic activity of cells and also causes necrotic cell death in certain pathophysiological situations. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench stimulates the production of immunoglobulins and/or interferons by stimulating one or another link of the immune system. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the liquid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the accumulation of Cd2+ in liver, kidney and on the mitotic and apoptotic activity of liver cells after the chronic intraperitoneal intoxication by Cd 2+. The experiments were performed on white laboratory mice using intraperitoneal injections of 0.05 LD50 of cadmium chloride solution. Two groups of mice were injected with Echinacea purpurea liquid extract of different concentrations - 0.05 LD50 and 0.1 LD50. Mitotic and apoptotic activity of liver cells was expressed as an estimated number of mitotic and apoptotic liver cells in randomly selected reference areas in a histological slide. Cd 2+ concentration in mice liver and kidney was detected using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Long-term injections of Echinacea purpurea extract combined with CdCl2 lead to a significant increase in cadmium concentration in the liver and kidney of experimental mice. Echinacea purpurea decreased the cadmium-induced mitotic activity of liver cells, and increased the apoptotic activity of these cells. Long-term exposure to Cd2+ results in the formation of the foci of necrosis in liver, which may be reduced by the application of Echinacea purpurea extract.
Key words: cadmium, Echinacea purpurea, mice, mitotic and apoptotic liver cells, atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Stanislovas Ryselis, Leonid Ivanov and Vaiva Lesauskaite, Ilona Sadauskiene, Arunas Savickas, Alina Smalinskiene, Nijole Savickiene, Virgilijus Zitkevicius*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The kidney function trends in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients at the Nylon District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
H. L. F. Kamga*, J. C. N. Assob, A. L. Njunda, P. Nde Fon, D. S. Nsagha, M. B.S. Atanga, P. Weledji, D. P. Puinta and E. A. Achidi
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P. O. Box, 63, Buea, Republic of Cameroon.
Accepted 21 February, 2019
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related kidney disease is one of the leading causes of death and affects predominantly people of black descent. Data is unavailable on the presence of kidney disease amongst HIV positive patients in Cameroon and a high prevalence of the disease depicts a high incidence of HIV associated nephropathy. A cohort study was carried out from May to August 2010 at the Nylon District Hospital Douala to investigate the Kidney function trends amongst seropositive individuals. Kidney function tests like serum urea, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, proteinuria and urine chemistry was measured amongst 329 participants amongst whom 100 (30.4%) were HIV negative and 229 (69.6%) were HIV positive. The age range of the study population was 18 to 60 years, with mean age of 35.122 ± 0.543. There were 94(28.6%) males and 235 (71.5%) females. The percentage of HIV seropositivity was higher in females than in males (74.3% vs. 25.7% p < 0.05). Although, Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and proteinuria were significantly higher in the control group than in the HIV infected subjects (p < 0.0001, p = 0.046 and p = 0.001, respectively), these values were not indicative of renal pathology. Considering only HIV positive individuals the mean serum creatinine was significantly higher in the Antiretoviral treatment (ART) naïve group when compared to those who were already on ART. These findings indicate that renal function is not affected by the seropositivity status of individuals.
Key words: Kidney function, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) seropositivity, Cameroon.
A. L. Njunda, P. Weledji, P. Nde Fon, J. C. N. Assob, M. B.S. Atanga, D. S. Nsagha, H. L. F. Kamga*, D. P. Puinta and E. A. Achidi
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