International Journal of Urology and Nephrology

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

A Rare Case of Prostate Cancer Complicated by Schistosomiasis: Clinical Findings and Literature Review

Agabus N. Manasseh*, Godwins O. Echejoh, Matthew N. Tanko, Olugbenga O. Silas, Nuhu K. Dakum and Barnabas M. Mandong

Departments of Anatomical Pathology and Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos. Nigeria.

Accepted 25 February, 2025

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the commonest form of cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death. Not much is known about the aetiology of prostatic cancer. We report a rare case of prostatic adenocarcinoma coexisting with schistosomiasis of the prostate, and review of literature. The association between schistosomiasis and cancer has been well documented in bladder cancer, implicating the genotoxic effect of chronic inflammatory process from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the nitrosating action of bacterial infection. There are no data yet proving the association of this disease with prostate neoplasia. The theory of the genotoxic effect of chronic inflammatory process may explain a “cause and effect” association between prostate cancer and schistosomiasis. A pertinent question therefore is, does schistosomiasis cause tumorigenesis in all tissues affected? This is the first record of prostatic schistosomiasis in association with prostatic cancer in our centre.

Key words: Tropical disease, parasite, carcinoma, prostate.
 

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Nutritional Bioactives and Health Benefits of Brassica napus

Soodabeh Saeidnia and Ahmad Reza Gohari*

Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 13 October, 2024

Brassica napus L. (B. napus L) (Cruciferae), is one of the cultivated medicinal food plants in Middle Asia, North Africa and West Europe. In Iranian traditional medicine, the root parts of this plant were used for the therapeutic properties as diuretic, anti-scurvy, anti-inflammatory of bladder and anti-goat. The usage of rapeseed oil as a food product as well as in the production of non-nutrition products such as greases, lubricant oils and especially bio-fuel may cause the increasing in rapeseed production in the world with FAO estimation of 58.4 million tons in the 2010-2011.The presence of a high quantity of erucic acid in natural rapeseed oil makes it toxic for consuming and the edible rapeseed oil is prepared from plant’s hybrid (contained little or no eurcic acid) which used as cooking oil. Unfortunately, the medicinal properties of this plant have not been considered and are going to forget by expert scientists except the seed oil. Alongside the world trend to increase the cultivation of this plant, more evaluations on the pharmacological and biological activities of B. napus L. is recommended especially using traditional and folk experiences based documents. In this paper, the important achievements of phytochemistry and pharmacology for this plant are reviewed.

Key words: Brassica napus, canola, eurcic acid, anti-inflammatory, bio-fuel.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Detection of Helicobacter DNA in Liver Tissues of Dogs with Indeterminate Hepatic Conditions

Marcasso R. A., Takemura L. S., Camargo P. L., Alfieri A. A. and Bracarense A. P. F. R. L.*

Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.

Received 28 April, 2024; Accepted December 11, 2024

Infection of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter spp. is an important cause of gastric diseases and neoplasms in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the livers of dogs with nonspecific histological changes. The association between Helicobacter spp. infection, hepatocyte proliferation and E-cadherin expression was also evaluated. Liver samples from 39 dogs were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify Helicobacter spp. Hepatocyte proliferation was evaluated by the AgNOR method. The Helicobacter genus was detected in seven (17.9%) animals that exhibited liver histological changes. Twenty-six animals were PCR negative and exhibited microscopical changes, while six animals demonstrated no histological changes and were PCR negative. Infected animals showed a significant increase in liver lesional score and the area of NORs compared to non-infected dogs. E-cadherin expression showed no significant difference among groups. The results suggest that Helicobacter spp. and hepatocytes injury in the livers of dogs could contribute to increased cell proliferation, thereby influencing hepatocarcinogenesis.

Key words: Dog, helicobacter, liver, AgNOR, immunohistochemistry, E-cadherin.
 

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Insulin Delivery via Pumps for Type 1 Diabetics During Ramadan Observance

Waleed I. AlBaker1, Ammar Khamis2, Ahmed Abu Al-Hamayal

1University of Dammam Consultant of Endocrinology
2University of Dammam, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Consultant of Biostatistics and Genetic Epidemiology
3MD University of Dammam

Accepted 03 January, 2025

The insulin pump has proved to be an effective way to administer insulin in patients with Type 1 Diabetes. However, no data is available to assess its efficacy and safety in fasting diabetics' patients during the fasting time (month of Ramadan) .The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of insulin pump in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus already on the pump, who were fasting during Ramadan, as compared to patients with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily insulin injections and patients on premix insulin. Methods: This was a single center non-randomized trial design study. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who were fasting received three types of treatments: patients received insulin through insulin pump (n =10), patients on multiple daily insulin injections (MDII) (n=5) and patients on premix insulin (CI) (n= 5). All patient groups are comparable in patient characteristics (Table 1). The patients were seen once before Ramadan (pre-Ramadan), and once after (post-Ramadan). Weight change, episodes of hypoglycemia, emergency visits, and days of breaking their fast were evaluated. Biochemical, FBS, HbA1c, and lipid profile were also evaluated. Findings: Most patients on insulin pump were able to complete their fasting during Ramadan (average 2 fast breaking per patient) with minimal episodes of mild hypoglycemia (2 episodes per patient), no episodes of hypoglycemia requiring assistance and no emergency room (ER) visits . No significant difference was found in biochemical profiles of patients on insulin pump who were fasting during the month of Ramadan as compared to patients on MDII. Both groups had better biochemical profiles than the group of patients managed with premix insulin. Conclusion: The insulin pump proved to be effective and safe in patients fasting Ramadan than other insulin regimen.

Keywords: Insulin Pump, Ramadan, Fasting, Type 1 diabetes.
 

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genotyping the NAT2 341T>C SNP Using High-Resolution Melting

Irem Uzonur* and Derya Sultan Karabulut

Biology Department, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Accepted 8 December, 2024

Genotyping N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) for acetylation status of its enzyme is very important for personalized medicine, especially individualized dosing of anti-tuberculosis drugs and in bladder cancer epidemiology. Human NAT2 gene with at least 359 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accessions is highly polymorphic which makes it difficult to design specific primers for allele specific PCR. Because of this, sequencing is the preferred choice to genotype for NAT2. Currently, a common tag SNP (rs1495741) and 7 SNPs (rs1801279, rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208 and rs1799931) are found to be highly relevant with slow acetylation phenotypes. One of the latest contributions to related work is genotyping NAT2 with only two SNPs (rs1041983 and rs1801280) that outperforms the tagging SNP and is equivalent to the conventional 7-SNP NAT2 genotyping strategy. The aim of our work is to decrease the number of samples to be sequenced for one of the aforementioned SNPs (rs1801280 341T>C) using high-resolution melting analysis sequence matching function. It enables a prior elimination of the samples to be sequenced that are above a user-defined confidence threshold when genotypes are auto-called in comparison with sequencing and KASP confirmed reference samples. The workflow in screening type 1 SNP (341T>C) was shown with various remarks to experimental flow, such as improving the usability by gradient facility of thermal cyclers, HRM availability of Rotor-Gene 6000™ real-time PCR instrument and its software with auto-calling genotypes function, the commercially available EvaGreen™ based HRM kits and challenges of method.

Key words: NAT2, SNP, rs1801280, 341T>C, High-resolution melting, sequence matching, 5 × HOT FIREPol® EvaGreen® HRM Mix, SsoFastTM EvaGreen™ Supermix, Type-it® HRM™ PCR Mix, Rotor-Gene 6000™.
 

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the Lack of Correlation Between PTEN Gene Promoter Methylation and Urocystic Tumor Development

Xiao-Feng Sun1, Zhong-Yi Sun2, Bo Pan1, Lan Li1 and Wei Shen1*

1Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China. 2Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Accepted 1 February, 2025

Tumor suppressor gene PTEN plays an important role in cell cycle. Disorder of PTEN protein can cause cell growth and division in an uncontrolled way, which can lead to the formation of tumors. It has been proven that epigenetic mechanisms, such as promoter hypermethylation, may account for inactivation of PTEN in a subset of tumors. PTEN promoter hypermethylation has been found to be involved in many kinds of cancers. Up to date, no report about the relationships between methylation of PTEN promoter region and bladder cancer has been found. To investigate the methylation pattern of PTEN gene transcriptional regulation region (TRR), bisulfite-specific (BSP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing analysis was performed among 15 bladder cancer tissues and five normal bladder tissues. Analysis of PTEN gene TRR methylation showed that the methylation level in bladder cancer had no significant difference with that of normal (P = 0.4307, by unpaired Student’s t test).

Key words: PTEN, promoter methylation, bladder cancer.