International Journal of Urology and Nephrology

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-006 April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the antibacterial potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from bignoniaceae and moraceae species

Luciane Costa-Campos^1,2*, Dayana Gomes Ricken², Sumaya Ribarsky Scalco² and Vanilde Citadini-Zanette²

¹Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, Porto
Alegre-RS, 90060-000 Brazil.

²Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária 1105, C.P. 3167, Criciúma-SC, 88806-000, Brazil.

Accepted 27 May, 2023

Abstract

The search for new substances with antimicrobial properties has become necessary due to the bacterial capacity of resistance. Medicinal plants have become an important alternative since many plants exhibit antimicrobial activity. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest contains a huge diversity of plant species, many of which have not been thoroughly investigated. Jacaranda puberula Cham. (Bignoniaceae) and Sorocea bonplandii Baill. (Moraceae) are used popularly to treat conditions associated with bacterial infection such as syphilis, as well as, infections of the skin, kidneys and bladder. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves from J. puberula and S. bonplandii was investigated by the agar-well method. The results obtained show that the hydroalcoholic extracts of J. puberula and S. bonplandii presented a bacteriostatic action against Staphylococcus aureus. J. puberula also exhibited bactericidal activity towards S. aureus at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Therefore, these species represent a potential tool for the production of new phytomedicines with antibacterial action against important agents with high resistance to drugs in current use.

Key words: Ethnopharmacology, antibacterials, Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Staphylococcus aureus, agar-well method.
 

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-009 March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The role of paraphenylenediamine in triggering apoptosis in murine myeloma cells through reactive oxygen species generation

Zineb Elyoussoufi^1,2, Norddine Habti², Said Motaouakkil^2,3 and Rachida Cadi¹*

¹Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Genetics associated with CNRST, Department of Biology, Ain Chock Faculty of
Sciences, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
²Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II,
Casablanca, Morocco.
³Medical intensive care unit, Ibn Rochd university hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.

Accepted 17 January, 2024

Abstract

Paraphenylenediamine (p-PD) is the main aromatic amine used in the formulation of hair dyes. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that the use of p-PD based hair dyes might be related to increase risk of human malignant tumors including multiple myeloma and hematopoietic cancers. However, the toxicity of p-PD on myeloma cells has not been well elucidated yet. Therefore, the association between the cytotoxicity of p-PD and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation on murine myeloma cells P3X63Ag8.653 (P3) was evaluated. Treatment with p-PD decreases cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. In addition, p-PD markedly enhanced lipid peroxidation. This increase was accompanied with a decrease in both glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activities. Furthermore, Pre-treatment of P3 cells with antioxidants, reduced glutathione or manganese II chloride, significantly inhibited p-PD induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation. Based on these results, p-PD might induce apoptosis via the involvement of ROS.

Key words: Murine myeloma cells, p-Phenylenediamine, apoptosis, oxidative stress, ROS, antioxidants.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-007 February, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Targeting PLCε to attenuate rat bladder tumorigenesis triggered by mnu through the H-ras signaling cascade

Gang Chen¹, Yao Zhang¹, Chunli Luo², Honglin Cheng¹, Peng jing¹ and Xiaohou Wu¹*

¹Department of Urology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016,

People's, Republic of China.

²Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's, Republic of China.

Accepted 30 December, 2023

Abstract

The crucial role of phospholipase C epsilon (PLC ε) in cancinogensis has been described recently. However, whether or not it decreases the methyl-nitroso-urea (MNU) induced rats’ bladder tumorigenesis and the probable mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the efficacy of PLCε knockdown to MNU induced bladder tumor and its possible mechanism. First, a plasmid contains small hairpin Ribonucleic acid (RNA) against PLC ε was constructed. Then, this plasmid were intravesically installed into SD rats to silence the expression of PLC ε. 40 PLC ε silenced SD rats and 40 normal rats were intravesically installed with MNU, respectively. Another 10 normal SD rats were intravesically installed with saline. 12 weeks after installation, all rats were sacrificed. The bladders were harvested for pathological and histological examination, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting. The pathological and histological examination results showed that 35 rats appeared tumor in normal rats group, while no rats appeared tumor in PLC ε silenced group and saline group. RT-PCR and Western-blotting showed PLC ε , PCNA were overexpressed in 35 tumor appeared rats and lowly expressed in other rats. The results reveal that the PLCε knockdown could interrupt the signal transduction in order to prevent MNU induced rats bladder tumorigenesis.

Key words: PLCε, knockdown, MNU, Ras signal pathway and mechanism.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-009 January, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Targeting PLCε to attenuate rat bladder tumorigenesis triggered by mnu through the H-ras signaling cascade

Gang Chen¹, Yao Zhang¹, Chunli Luo², Honglin Cheng¹, Peng jing¹ and Xiaohou Wu¹*

¹Department of Urology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016,

People's, Republic of China.

²Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's, Republic of China.

Received 12 June, 2023; Accepted 15 October, 2023

Abstract

The crucial role of phospholipase C epsilon (PLC ε) in cancinogensis has been described recently. However, whether or not it decreases the methyl-nitroso-urea (MNU) induced rats’ bladder tumorigenesis and the probable mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the efficacy of PLCε knockdown to MNU induced bladder tumor and its possible mechanism. First, a plasmid contains small hairpin Ribonucleic acid (RNA) against PLC ε was constructed. Then, this plasmid were intravesically installed into SD rats to silence the expression of PLC ε. 40 PLC ε silenced SD rats and 40 normal rats were intravesically installed with MNU, respectively. Another 10 normal SD rats were intravesically installed with saline. 12 weeks after installation, all rats were sacrificed. The bladders were harvested for pathological and histological examination, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting. The pathological and histological examination results showed that 35 rats appeared tumor in normal rats group, while no rats appeared tumor in PLC ε silenced group and saline group. RT-PCR and Western-blotting showed PLC ε , PCNA were overexpressed in 35 tumor appeared rats and lowly expressed in other rats. The results reveal that the PLCε knockdown could interrupt the signal transduction in order to prevent MNU induced rats bladder tumorigenesis.

Keywords: PLCε, knockdown, MNU, Ras signal pathway and mechanism.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 12 (1), pp. 001-006 January, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

From waste to value: Investigating a potential multi-functional pharmaceutical excipient from crab shells

Emmanuel O. Olorunsola¹*, Olubunmi J. Olayemi², Stephen O. Majekodunmi¹ and Unyime B. Etukudo¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
²Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Received 25 June, 2023; Accepted 30 September, 2023

Abstract

An efficient and beneficial waste disposal mechanism is highly desired. This study was carried out to extract and characterize a potential multifunctional pharmaceutical excipient from crab shell wastes. Shells of Pachygrapsus mamoratus were obtained from Oron, a coastal town in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Chitin was extracted from the powdered shell by deproteination and demineralization; and chitosan was derived by alkaline deacetylation of the chitin. The polymer was subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was also evaluated for flow properties, pH and hydration and swelling characteristics. The shells gave a yield of 17% chitosan. FTIR analysis of the polymer showed C-H bond of substituted cyclic hydrocarbon, cyclic C-N bond, C-O bond of glucose molecules, C-H bond of side chain –CH2OH, presence of β-ester linkage, N-H of amides and bonded and free O-H groups. The last transition in the thermogram of chitosan was a polymer degradation exotherm with a peak at 337.9°C. The chitosan had higher bulk density, higher flow rate, lower Carr’s index and lower Hausner’s ratio compared to sodium carboxymethylcellulose. It also had lower hydration and swelling capacities. Therefore, the crab shell-derived chitosan has better thermal stability, better flow properties but poorer swelling properties compared to sodium carboxymethylcelluose.

Keywords: Crab shell, chitosan, physicochemical characteristics, pharmaceutical excipient.
 

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-005 January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant potential of Citrus maxima fruit juice in rats

Oyedepo, T. A.

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Adeleke University, P.M.B. 250, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 04 November, 2022

Abstract

In the etiology of many pathological conditions increased levels of oxidative stress may be implicated. The protective antioxidant action imparted by many plant extracts and plant products make them promising therapeutic drugs for free radical induced pathologies. In this study the antioxidant potential of Citrus maxima fruit juice was assessed. Experimental rats were divided into two groups: Control and Citrus maxima treated. Treated rats received C. maxima fruit juice at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day for 8 weeks. After the treatment period of 8 weeks, lipid peroxidation (LPO), vitamin C, uric acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in plasma and antioxidant enzymes: Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also assayed. Genotoxicity of Citrus maxima fruit juice was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) of lymphocytes under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The protective role of Citrus maxima juice against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), streptozotocin (STZ) and nitric oxide generating system induced lymphocyte DNA damage was also assessed by SCGE. Citrus maxima treated rats showed a significant decrease in plasma LPO and a significant increase in plasma vitamin C, uric acid, GSH levels and GPx, CAT and SOD activities. SCGE experiment reveals that Citrus maxima fruit juice was devoid of genotoxicity and had a significant protective effect against induced lymphocyte DNA damage by H₂O₂, STZ and nitric oxide (NO). The results suggest that consumption of Citrus maxima juice can be linked to improved antioxidant status and reduction in the risk of oxidative stress.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Citrus maxima, lymphocytes, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE)