ISSN 2756-3855
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of acute toxicity and the effect of single injected doses of zerumbone on the kidney and liver functions in Sprague Dawley rats
Mohamed Yousif Ibrahim1, Ahmad Bustamam Hj Abdul 1,2*, Tengku Azmi Tengku Ibrahim3,4, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab1, Manal Mohamed Elhassan1 and M. M. Syam1
1UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Microscopy Unit, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
4Department Of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 29 April, 2018
Abstract
Zerumbone is a natural monosesquiterpene isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet Smith. This bioactive compound has been previously shown to have chemo-preventive, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. This study was designed to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of zerumbone and the effect of three different single doses of zerumbone below the LD50 on blood biochemistry, hepatic and renal histopathologies and lipid peroxidation in rats. In the LD50 experiment, eight groups of animals (n = 5) were injected with various doses of zerumbone (100 - 3000 mg/kg, i.p). The animals were observed continuously for clinical change and mortality. Next, zerumbone was injected in single doses (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) and sacrificed 24 h later. Probit analysis of this study showed that the LD50 of this compound is 1.84 gm/Kg. Results from this study further suggested that single injected doses of zerumbone at 100 - 200 mg/kg had no ill effect towards the liver and renal tissues of female Sprague Dawley rats. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the toxicity effects of zerumbone in rodents.
Key words: Zerumbone, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Ahmad Bustamam Hj Abdul*, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab, Mohamed Yousif Ibrahim, Tengku Azmi Tengku Ibrahim, Manal Mohamed Elhassan and M. M. Syam
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Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A novel rat model of 1/4 partial nephrectomy and its application in ischemia-reperfusion research in residual kidney
Qianglin Duan1, 2, Guangchun Wang2 and Junhua Zheng2*
1Department of Scientific Research, Tongji HospitalTongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China.
2Department of Urology, Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
Accepted 11 June, 2010
Abstract
This study established a new rat model of 1/4 partial nephrectomy for research on ischemia-reperfusion injury in residual kidney. Thirty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally anesthetized by pentobarbital sodium. A lumbar oblique incision was made, and then the right renal pedicle was isolated and clamped by a smooth microclip. The kidney size was measured and the upper pole of the right kidney (about 0.5 × 1.0 cm) was resected by a scorching knife and then SURGICEL* FIBRILLAR Absorbable Hemostats (oxidized regenerated cellulose) was used for rapid haemostasis. Mean kidney size was 2.0 × 1.1 cm, and mean kidney tissue removed actually was 0.6 × 1.0 cm. Mean operation time was 3.2 ± 0.5 min (2.6 - 5.2 min), and mean haemostasis time after resection was 1.2 min (0.8 - 1.5 min). Three minutes after partial nephrectomy, the smooth microclip was removed for reperfusion, without rebleeding in all cases. No rats died during the operation. A new 1/4 partial nephrectomy rat model was successfully established in our study, which can be used for research on ischemia-reperfusion injury in residual kidney. Rapid haemostasis could be achieved by SURGICEL* FIBRILLAR Absorbable Hemostats, which is suitable for application in surgical experiments in rats.
Key words: Partial nephrectomy, ischemia-reperfusion injury, haemostasis, rat model.
Qianglin Duan, Guangchun Wang and Junhua Zheng*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-diabetic effects of aqueous fruits extract of Diospyros lotus L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the possible morphologic changes in the liver, kidney and heart
Mohammad Azadbakhta1*, Shohreh Safapour2, Amirhossein Ahmadi2, Maryam Ghasemi3 and Mohammad Shokrzadeh4
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
4Department of Toxico-pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Accepted11 September, 2018
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess hypoglycemic effect of aqueous fruits extract of Diospyros lotus L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the possible morphologic changes in the liver, kidney and heart. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Animals were post-treated with different doses of D. lotus L (500, 750, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) by oral administration (gavage) for 16 consecutive days after induction of diabetes. In the special days (before treatment and 1, 8 and 16 days after induction of diabetes) , according to a pr-planned schedule, animal's weight and their Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), were determined in different groups under treatments. Also at the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and their livers, kidneys and hearts were removed for histopathological examination. Administration of different doses of D. lotus L (500, 750, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) to diabetic animals caused significant decrease in glucose level, since the maximum reduction was observed in the animals group with 1000 mg/kg after 16 days post-treatment. (P < 0.001) Aqueous fruits extract of D. lotus L. at dose of 1000 and 1500 recovered significantly the body weight towards the control level. Histological comparison has shown that D. lotus L. in parenchymal and portal inflammation and lymphocytes had also been replaced by few eosinophils in the liver. These results suggest that the product of D. lotus L. may provide a new therapeutic avenue against diabetes and diabetes-related complications-a global burden.
Key words: Anti-diabetic, Diospyros lotus L., streptozotocin, morphologic changes.
Shohreh Safapour, Mohammad Azadbakhta*, Amirhossein Ahmadi, Maryam Ghasemi and Mohammad Shokrzadeh
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toxic effect of lead on kidney function in rat Wistar
F. Missoun1*, M. Slimani2 and A. Aoues2
1Departement of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mostaganem 27000, Algeria.
2Departement of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran 31000, Algeria.
Accepted 10 October, 2018
Abstract
Lead is one of the environmental pollutants that can threat the life of living creatures in many ways. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lead exposure on kidney function. Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups; group 1 was given a tap water diet and group 2 was given 1000 ppm lead acetate in drinking water for 8 weeks. Lead concentration in blood was determined by atomic absorption. The results showed an increase of calcium in blood. The same happened for phosphaturia and calcium in rats administered with Pb compared to control group. The increase of these parameters would indicate a renal deficiency which is confirmed by a decrease of creatinine and urea in urine samples and presence of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals observed in samples of urine of exposed rats. All lead-treated rats in the present study have shown intranuclear inclusion bodies in kidney proximal tubular. The determination of the concentration of lead in the blood shows that this factor increases among treated rats. In conclusion, lead administered by oral route causes a renal deficiency to the rats.
Key words: Lead toxicity, nephrotoxicity, chronic lead nephropathy, urine.
F. Missoun*, M. Slimani and A. Aoues
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effects of combined vitamin C and E in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney
Aysel Kukner1*, Neriman Colakoglu2, Candan Ozogul3, Mustafa Naziroglu4 and Tulin Firat1
1Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, 14280 Bolu-Turkey.
2 Fırat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Turkey.
3 Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Turkey.
4 Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Turkey.
Accepted 12 October, 2018
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Vitamins C and E play important roles in the antioxidant defense system. It is likely that both vitamins act in a synergistic manner, with vitamin E primarily being oxidized to the tocopheroxyl radical and then reduced back to tocopherol by vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of vitamins C and E (VCE) on diabetic rat kidney. Adult female Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I: the control group; Group II: diabetic group, streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) was administered group; Group III: diabetes+VCE group, received a diet containing a combination of ascorbic acid and di- -tocopheryl acetate per kg of feed. Rats were killed on day 21 and renal tissues were taken and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for electron microscopic examination. When compared with the control group, congestion of the glomerular capillaries, increased mesangial cells and distinct mesangium, shortened podocyte processes and disappearance of filtration slit pore of diabetic rat kidney were observed. In the group treated with VCE, glomerular changes were less distinct than the diabetic group. Lengths of the pedicles were similar to the control group. In conclusion, VCE reduced the changes in the glomerular structures due to diabetes.
Key words: Diabetes, kidney, vitamin C, vitamin E, ultrastructure.
Aysel Kukner*, Mustafa Naziroglu and Tulin Firat, Neriman Colakoglu, Candan Ozogul
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel (Apocynaceae) extract on serum amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and selected indices of liver and kidney functions
M. U. Eteng1*, H. A. Ibekwe2, A. O. Abolaji3, A. I. Okoi4, Onwuka, F. C.1 and N. C. Osuchukwu5
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
2Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria.
3Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Nigeria, P. M. B. 1023, Canaan Land Ota, P. M. B. 1023, Ogun State, Nigeria.
4Department of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar.
5Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, P. M. B. 1115, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 December, 2018
Abstract
In a risk assessment and safety evaluation, the effect of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Afzel (Apocynaceae) extract on serum amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and selected indices of liver and kidney functions were investigated. Ethanolic root and leaf extracts of R. vomitoria Afzel (Apocynaceae) were administered externally by gastric intubation to two groups of rats at dose 524 mg/kg body weight for a 7 day period. The control received 2 ml of saline for the same period. Biochemical and clinical indices of toxicity; serum aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, total bilrubin, albumin and electrolytes were assessed in serum obtained from treated animals as well as those in the control groups. The extract at the doses administered produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum aminotransferases [asparate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], alkaline phosphatase activities, serum conjugated bilirubin and urea concentration but a decrease in serum albumin and potassium concentrations relative to controls. The spectrum of changes in biochemical and clinical indices of toxicity were more pronounced with the root extract than the leaf extract. The results of this present work showed that hepatocellulular derangement and poor renal function is more pronounced in the ethanolic root extracts compared with the ethanolic leaf extracts.
Key words: Rauwolfia vomitoria, biochemical/clinical-indices, hepatocellular derangement, renal function.
M. U. Eteng*, F. C and N. C. Osuchukwu, H. A. Ibekwe, A. O. Abolaji, Onwuka , A. I. Okoi
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