International Journal of Urology and Nephrology

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Fe (III) complex of mefloquine hydrochloride: Synthesis, antimicrobial and toxicological activities

Adediji, J. F.¹*, Obaleye, J. A.², Adediran, G. O.¹, Adebayo, M. A.¹ and Olayinka, E. T.¹

¹Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 4 September, 2020

Abstract

As part of the ongoing research for more effective antimalarial drug, Fe (III) complex of mefloquine hydrochloride (antimalarial drug) was synthesized using template method. Mefloquine was tentatively found to have coordinated through the hydroxyl and the two nitrogen atoms in the quinoline and piperidine in the structure, respectively. Characterization has been done on the basis of analytical, conductance, atomic absorption, magnetic measurement, electronic and Infra-red spectrometry. From analytical data, the stoichiometry of the complex has been found to be 1:1. Infra-red spectral data also suggest that the ligand (mefloquine) behaves as a tridentate ligand with N:N:O donor sequence towards the metal ion. On the basis of the above physico-chemical data it is proposed that the complex is assigned octahedral geometry. The antimicrobial activities of mefloquine metal complex exhibited greater inhibition than the parent ligand. The ligand and metal complex were screened for their toxicological activities at the dose of 6.66 mg/kg body weight twice daily for seven days on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities of rat serum, liver and kidney. Overall, it was revealed that both mefloquine and its metal complex might show mild toxicity particularly on the liver and kidney.

Key words: Fe(III) complex, synthesis, anti-malarial drug, antimicrobial, toxicology.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Toxicopathological effects of Guiera senegalensis extracts in wistar albino rats

Azza, O. Fatih Elrahman¹, Afaf, I. Abuelgasim¹ and Galal, M².

¹Departement of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

²Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, Sudan.

Accepted 17 December, 2020

Abstract

Toxicity of methanolic and water extracts of the plant Guiera sengalensis has been tested on rats. The methanolic extract was injected intramuscularly while the water extract was given orally. Rats receiving 1000 and 500 mg/kg/day of the methanolic extract died within one week. The 250 mg/kg/day dose resulted in enlargement of the liver and kidneys, although body weights of the treated rats were not significantly different from the control. Alterations of haematological and serological parameters were evident. The effect of water extract was less marked compared to that of methanolic extract. Treatment with G. senegalensis resulted in endotheliotoxicity, hepatonephropathy and pancreatic hyperplasia.

Key words: Guiera sengalensis, toxicology, pathology.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of vitamin C and cobalt supplementation on antioxidant status in healthy and diabetic rats

Özlem Yildirim

Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey. E -mail: [email protected] Tel: +90-312-212-6720 ext. 1090. Fax: +90-312-223-2395.

Accepted 18 August, 2020

Abstract

In the present study, liver, lung, heart and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities, lipid peroxidation, nitrite and vitamin C levels were investigated in diabetic rats. Diabetes induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) and the treated rats were received 1 g/l vitamin C with 0.5 mM CoCl₂ in drinking water for eigth weeks. In all tissues, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities, lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels were significantly increased in diabetic rats at the end of 8^th week (p < 0.05) whereas vitamin C level was decreased compared to those of controls. Cobalt with vitamin C treatment of diabetic rats resulted in partial restoration of SOD and CAT activities, thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARS), vitamin C and nitrite levels at all times studied, whereas treatment did not significantly change GSH- Px activity compared to diabetics. These results suggest that cobalt with vitamin C, effectively but could not completely restore the altered endogenous defense systems in diabetic rat liver, lung, heart and kidney tissues.

Key words: Cobalt, antioxidant enzymes, diabetes, lipid peroxidation, tissue.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevention of renal toxicity from lead exposure by oral administration of Lycopersicon esculentum

Salawu Emmanuel O.¹*, Adeleke Adeolu A.¹, Oyewo Oyebowale O.², Ashamu Ebenezer A.², Ishola Olufunto O.¹, Afolabi Ayobami O.¹ and Adesanya Taiwo A.³

¹Department of Physiology, Ladoke Agential University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

³Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Accepted 08 March, 2020

Abstract

For decades, lead (Pb) has being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems. In the present study, the ability of Pb to lower renal clearance (RC), as an index of renal function, was investigated and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum : source of antioxidants) paste (TP) was administered orally to prevent the Pb’s adverse effects. 54 Sprague Dawley rats, randomly divided into 3 groups (A, B and C) n = 18, were used for this study. Group A animals served as the control and were drinking distilled water. Group B and Group C animals were drinking 1% lead(II)acetate (LA). Group C Animals were, in addition to drinking LA, treated with 1.5 ml of TP/day. All treatments were for 8 weeks. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to analyse the results obtained. The results of this study showed that Pb caused a significant reduction in the weight gain, 24 h urine volume, RC, plasma and tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, but a significant increase in plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Administration of TP, however, prevented these Pb’s adverse effects. These findings lead to the conclusion that oral administration of TP prevents Pb’s adverse effects on the kidney mainly by preventing oxidation.

Key words: Renal clearance, tomato, lead, Lycopersicon esculentum, heavy metals, oxidative stress.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2756-3855 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of acute bilateral adrenalectomy and reserpine on gastric mucus secretion and mucosal injury in pyloric ligated rats

Sadiq Yusuf¹*, Alexander B. Adelaiye², Andrew J. Nok³, Danladi A. Ameh³ and Emmanuel O. Balogun³

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda.

²Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.

³Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.

Accepted 24 November, 2019

Abstract

Adrenalectomy produces many changes in gastric functional parameters including gastric acid secretion, gastric motility and mucosal blood flow. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of acute bilateral adrenalectomy and reserpine on gastric mucus secretion and degradation in the pyloric ligated rats. Groups of Wistar rats of mixed sexes were adrenalectomized or administered with 5 mg/kg reserpine intraperitoneally or given both treatment followed by pyloric ligation. Adherent mucus was assessed by the alcian blue binding technique while erosion of the surface gel was assessed from the appearance of sialic acids and galactose in the gastric juice. Gastric mucosa injury was quantified by measuring the area of gastric mucosa damage. The amount of alcian blue bound to adherent mucus and soluble mucin concentration were not significantly affected by adrenalectomy (P > 0.05). Reserpine diminished adherent mucus secretion and increased soluble glycoprotein in the gastric juice. Adrenalectomized animals (40%, n = 5) developed haemorrhagic lesions as compared to 100% (n = 5) in animals treated with reserpine. Adrenalectomy or propranolol did not protect the animals against the reserpine induced injury. It is concluded that the adrenal glands seem to be of no importance in the secretion of gastric mucus but reserpine inhibits mucus release and stimulates surface mucus gel breakdown via -adrenoceptor stimulation.

Key words: Adrenalectomy, gastric mucus, reserpine, sialic acid.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Protective effect of betaine on changes in the levels of protein, glycoproteins and amino acids in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

B. Ganesan^1,2, R. Rajesh^1,3 , R. Anandan ^2,* and N. Dhandapani^1,4

¹Vinayaka Mission University, Ariyanoor, Salem-636308, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India.

³Quality Assurance and Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India.

⁴Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.V.S College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore-641402, India.

Accepted 21 November, 2019

Abstract

The protective effect of betaine administration on changes in the levels of protein, glycoproteins and amino acids was studied in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats as an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral pre-treatment with betaine significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the isoprenaline-induced rise in the levels of troponin-T and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Oral supplementation of betaine also significantly (P<0.05) counteracted the isoprenaline-induced alterations in the levels of amino acids (taurine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, hydroxy proline and homocysteine), protein content, glycoprotein components (hexose and hexosamine) and lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue and maintained their levels comparable to that of control animals. The results indicated that the overall cardioprotective effect of betaine was probably related to its ability to strengthen the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property.

Key words: Betaine, myocardial infarction, isoprenaline, glycoproteins, lipid peroxidation.