International Journal of Urology and Nephrology

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Purification and characterizations of NAD dependent isocritrate dehydrogenase from human kidney mitochondria

Mukaram Shikara

Biotechnology Division, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 12 February, 2019

Abstract

NAD -IDH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide socitric dehydrogenase) has been purified in 1216-fold with a total recovery of 7.5% from the mitochondria of human kidney by using a combination of affinity chromatography with the anion-exchange matrix that allowed obtaining a preparation of high purity. The shape of the peak from Sephacryl S-100 and the results from SDS-PAGE confirm that the enzyme is a tetramer with subunits of 80,000 each, and a native molecular mass of about 320,000. The enzyme shows activity in the absence of any divalent metal ions, but Mn ⁺² is a better activator than Mg⁺² at lower concentrations (0.5 mM), but it will inhibit the enzyme at higher concentrations (2 mM). ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and NADH inhibit the enzyme competitively according to Lineweaver-Burk plot. The NAD-IDH does not indicate a homotropic cooperative effect of isocitrate in either the absence or presence of ADP. Increasing concentrations of NAD decrease the Km of isocitrate while increasing levels of isocitrate lower the Km of NAD. Km of either isocitrate or NAD is lowered further in the presence of ADP. The inhibition by ATP (or NADH) cannot be counteracted by ADP in the presence of isocitrate, so ADP cannot enhance NAD-IDH activity nor reverse inhibition by ATP (or NADH), while isocitrate will bind to the enzyme and prevent it from interacting with ADP. The activity of NAD-IDH in mitochondria is probably controlled in a complex way by NADH, ATP and divalent ions.

Key words: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide socitric dehydrogenase, isocitrate, Adenosine triphosphate, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase, human kidney, purification.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The potential role of flaxseed oil on lead acetate-induced kidney injure in adult male albino rats

Ahmed E. Abdel-Moneim¹*, Mohamed A. Dkhil^1,2 and Saleh Al-Quraishy²

¹Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.

²Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 18 January, 2019

Abstract

Lead (Pb⁺²) intoxication may initiate many disorders in humans and animals. This study investigated the role of flaxseed oil in protecting rats against Pb⁺² exposures. The results showed that the administration of flaxseed oil efficiently protected albino rats against the Pb⁺² caused injury, as revealed by some improvement in the histological structure of kidney as well as the restoration of the body weights loss of Pb⁺² treated animals. At the same time, flaxseed oil decreased the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production with concomitant elevation in glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Thus, this study suggests the possibility of flaxseed oil usefulness in limiting toxicant induced by environmental heavy metals.

Key words: Lead, flaxseed oil, kidney, albino rat.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Trace elements in the kidney tissue of Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L. 1758) in Turkish seas

Ozlem Sogut¹ and Fatih Percin²*

¹Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

²Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

Accepted 13 January, 2019

Abstract

Trace elements, namely lead (Pb), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), found in kidney tissues were analyzed and compared between wild/fattened and female/male bluefin tuna (BFT) in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. One hundred (that is, 50 female and 50 male) individual specimens of wild and fattened tuna were investigated. The mean trace elements of the wild fish were determined to include Pb, 0.166; Cu, 1.683; Mn, 0.252; Ni, 0.322; Zn, 8.974; and Fe, 14.017 (µg g-1 wt wt). The values for the fattened fish were determined to be Pb, 0.116; Cu, 1.279; Mn, 0.208; Ni, 0.231; Zn, 8.507; and Fe, 10.364 (µg g-1 wt wt). The comparison of trace elements between wild and fattened fish was significant (p < 0.05). In terms of gender, the mean trace elements in the kidney tissue of wild and fattened female BFT were determined, respectively, to be Pb, 0.183, 0.124; Cu, 1.947, 1.250; Mn, 0.281, 0.217; Ni, 0.357, 0.229; Zn, 9.641, 9.205; and Fe, 14.351, 11.314. Similar values for wild and fattened male BFT were found, respectively, Pb, 0.149, 0.107; Cu, 1.418, 1.307; Mn, 0.223, 0.198; Ni, 0.286, 0.232; Zn, 8.307, 7.808; and Fe, 13.683, 9.413.

Key words: Bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, trace elements, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, iron, kidney.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Atherosclerosis can be strongly influenced by iron and zinc overload or deficiency in the lung and kidney tissues of rabbits

Mohamed Anwar K. Abdelhalim

Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Accepted 26 October, 2018

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) levels in lung and kidney tissues of rabbits fed high fat diet supplemented with cholesterol (HFD+CHO) for 12 weeks. Twenty male rabbits (New Zealand White) were individually caged and divided into two groups. The control group was fed a normal rabbit diet (NOR). The HFD+CHO group received normal diet supplemented with 1.0% of olive oil and 1.0% of cholesterol. The lung and kidney tissue samples from the control and HDF+CHO rabbits were analysed for Fe and Zn concentrations using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Compared with the control animals the Fe concentration in HDF+CHO rabbits was significantly (p < 0.05) larger in both types of tissue, with percentage normalized changes of 95.29% for lungs and 7.08% for kidneys. The concentration of Zn in lung tissue was decreased, with percentage normalized change of 3.61%, and was significantly (p < 0.05) lower, with percentage normalized change of 71.40% in kidneys of HFD+CHO rabbits in comparison with the control (NOR) animals. The results showed that the high concentration of Fe in lungs was accompanied by the low concentration of Zn, while the high concentration of Zn in kidneys was accompanied by the low concentration of Fe. This suggests that the increase in iron concentrations in lung and kidney tissues may accelerate atherosclerosis probably through the production of free radicals which promote the production of oxidative parameters and that inducing anemia in HFD rabbits may delay or inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. This also implies that zinc may be highly excreted from kidneys, which can be seen as an important risk factor and that using Zn-supplemented diets may retard and/or prevent the progression of atherosclerosis probably by reducing lesion Fe content, intracellular and extracellular lipids in the intima, connective tissue formation and smooth muscle proliferation.

Key words: HDF+CHO, Zn-supplemented diets, connective tissue formation, smooth muscle proliferation.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Preventing of Ehrlich tumor metastasis in liver, kidney and spleen by electromagnetic field

Fadel M. A¹*, R. El-Gebaly¹, A. Aly¹, A. Sallam², O. Sarhan³ and H. Eltohamy⁴

¹Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.

²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

³Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.

⁴Department of Physics, German University, Egypt.

Accepted 17 October, 2018

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to study the therapeutic effects of 4.5 Hz of electromagnetic radiation as a preventive agent on the metastasis of Ehrlich tumor which occurred in some organs. The tumor was implanted intramuscularly in the left thigh of mice. Sixty female Balb/c mice were used, twenty as normal group and the other forty were divided equally into 2 groups namely A and B. Group A was the control while group B was whole body exposed to square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) of frequency 4.5 Hz for a period of 40 h at a rate of 4 h/day starting day 11 post tumor implantation. At the end of the experiment liver, kidney and spleen were excised for all groups. Kidney and spleen were subjected to histological examination. Fragments of the freshly excised liver were subjected to histopathological examination and the other parts were used for dielectric measurements. The results of this work indicate that the treatment of Ehrlich tumor by QAMW caused a decrease in the percentage of metastasis, also there was a decrease in the values of relative permittivity, conductivity and dielectric loss of group B as compared with group A. The statistical methods and analysis for evaluation of the results were done by calculating arithmetic means and standard deviations for percentage of metastasis and dielectric measurements. It may be concluded that whole body exposure of the animals injected with Ehrlich tumor to 4.5 Hz QAMW can inhibit tumor growth in secondary sites or distant organs and can be used as preventive agent to murine metastatic development.

Key words: Electromagnetic field, liver, kidney, spleen, Ehrlich tumor metastasis, tissue dielectrics.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Amelioration of carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in kidney and lung tissues by ethanolic rhizome extract of Podophyllum hexandrum in Wistar rats

Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Ehtishamul Haq, Akbar Masood and Mohmmad Afzal Zargar*

Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.

Accepted 25 July, 2018

Abstract

Antioxidant activity of 70% ethanolic extract of rhizome of Podophyllum hexandrum (Indian Mayapple) was investigated in rats by inducing kidney and lung injury with CCl₄. 70% ethanolic extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the tissues by showing increased levels of proteins, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as decreased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The 70% ethanolic extract at a dose level of 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg-day, showed a dose dependent restorative activity against CCl₄-induced kidney and lung tissue damage. In our previous study 70% ethanolic extract of P. hexandrum had displayed a potent free radical scavenging activity under in vitro conditions. In the present study, the 70% ethanolic extract of P. hexandrum was effective in restoring CCl₄-intoxicated kidney and lung tissue enzymes towards normalcy in combating oxidative stress in vivo. Thus, the extract has antioxidative activity.

Key words: Antioxidants, carbon tetrachloride, Podophyllum hexandrum, GSH, catalase.