International Journal of Urology and Nephrology

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Voriconazole therapy: Associated acute kidney injury

Feng Wang¹, Mei Bai¹, Binghui Zhao² and Niansong Wang¹*

¹Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, the Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China.

²Department of Radiology, The Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.

Accepted 21 September, 2019

Abstract

Voriconazole is a good antifungal drug, which is often used to treat aspergillosis. Little is, however, known about its renal toxicity effect. A patient with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and pulmonary aspergillosis treated with Voriconazole suffered from acute renal failure, which was diagnosed Voriconazole therapy-associated acute kidney injury. Finally the patient recovered. This is a case report of Voriconazole therapy-associated acute kidney injury.

Key words: Voriconazole, aspergillosis, therapy-associated, acute kidney injury.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Differential analysis of human kidney stone samples using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Zhiquan Zhou¹, Yongzhong Ouyang², Xiangtai Zeng³, Tingting Zhang¹, Bin Jia², Xinglei Zhang², Huanwen Chen² and Jianhua Ding ²*

¹Institute of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, P. R. China.

²Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Biology and Material Science, College of Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China.

³Department of Surgery, 2nd Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Xinfeng, 341600, P. R. China.

Accepted 21 October, 2019

Abstract

Kidney stones may be caused by many factors, including ingestion of melamine for a relatively long time. The diagnosis of melamine-induced kidney stones and the understanding of how the melamine is involved in the formation of kidney stones are of practical importance. To establish a sensitive method based on widely used electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for diagnosis of melamine-induced kidney stones and to probe the differential formation of melamine-induced kidney stones at molecular levels. Human kidney stones were collected in hospital from 6 groups of patients at different ages. ESI-MS was employed as the main technique with the principal component analysis for data processing. Using principal component analysis (PCA) of the ESI-MS fingerprints, a set of 21 melamine-induced kidney stone samples and 21 uric acid derived kidney stone samples were successfully differentiated from the other groups, rendering ESI-MS method a potential platform for differential analysis of the human kidney stones of various causes at molecular levels. The experimental results also indicate that in addition to the melamine, the chemical compounds enwrapped in the melamine-induced kidney stone samples are different from other kidney stone samples. These findings suggest that ESI-MS is a useful tool for diagnosis of melamine-induced kidney stone samples and the melamine-induced kidney stone could be formed by different mechanisms.

Key words: Toxicity of melamine, chemical profiling, uric acid, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), kidney stone, melamine, principal component analysis.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Effects of polysorbate-80 on liver and kidney function in broiler chicken during juvenile growth period

Khosravinia, H.¹*, Manafi M.² and Rafiei Alavi, E.³

¹Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorrambad-68159, Lorestan, Iran.

²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.

³Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

Accepted 17 November, 2019

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of polysorbate-80 (PS-80) on liver and kidney function in broiler chicken using 120 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks. The birds were randomly divided into 6 groups, of 20 birds each (as one replicate) and then allocated to 1 of 6 floor pens (90×180 cm) at the stocking density of 0.08 m²/ bird in a concrete floor, cross ventilated house. All the birds received the same corn and soybean meal based starter (1 to 21 days) and grower (15 to 28 days) diets for ad libitum consumption. The birds in 3 pens continually received water supplemented with either 0 (control) or 3500 ppm PS-80 throughout the experiment. Live weight gain as well as, feed conversion ratio were significantly suppressed in response to supplementation of drinking water with 3500 ppm PS-80 (P<0.05). Mean liver weight and liver pH did not significantly change, for the birds received treated water compared to those grown on normal water (P>0.05). No alteration in concentration of GPT, GOT, Urea, uric acid and creatinine in blood serum were observed in the chicks receiving PS-80-supplemented water as compared to control group (P>0.05). The PS-80 treated water resulted in increased levels of serum ALP (P<0.05). Based on these findings, persistent exposure of broiler chicks to 3500 ppm PS-80 through drinking water has a negative impact on juvenile growth performance in chicks. No indication found that such discouraging impact is caused by liver or kidney dysfunction.

Key words: Polysorbate-80, GPT, GOT, ALP, liver, kidney.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The period effects of intraperitoneal administration of different gold nanoparticle sizes on kidney tissue of rat in vivo using fluorescence measurements

Mohamed Anwar K Abdelhalim

Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]  or [email protected].

Accepted 30 July, 2019

Abstract

Despite the many benefits of nanotechnology, some studies indicate that certain nanoparticles may cause adverse effects because of their small size and unique properties. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the period effects of intraperitoneal administration of different gold GNP sizes on the rat kidney tissue in vivo using fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental rats were divided into control and six groups (G1A, G1B, G2A, G2B, G3A and G3B; G1: 20 nm; G2: 10 nm; G3: 50 nm; A: infusion of GNPs for 3 days; B: infusion of GNPs for 7 days). To investigate the period effects of GNPs 10, 20 and 50 nm on the kidney tissue of rats, 50 µl dose of GNPs (of concentration 0.1% Au) were intraperitonealy injected into rats for periods of 3 and 7 days to identify the toxicity and tissue distribution of GNPs in vivo using fluorescence measurements. GNPs of sizes 10 and 20 nm show spherical morphology with good particle size distribution dispersed in the solution while GNPs of size 50 nm have no spherical shape, but they have hexagonal shape. At the infusion period of 3 days, the fluorescence intensity of the 1st peaks increased for G1A and decreased for G2A and G3A compared with the control while the fluorescence intensity of the 2nd peaks decreased for G1A, G2A and G3A compared with the control. At the infusion period of 7 days, the fluorescence intensity of the 1st and 2nd peaks increased for G1B and G2B and sharply decreased for G3B compared with the control. At the infusion periods of 3 and 7 days, the fluorescence intensity of the 1st peaks increased for G1A, G1B and G2B and decreased for G2A, G3A and G3B compared with the control while the fluorescence intensity of the 2nd peaks decreased for G1A, G1B, G2A, G2B and G3A compared with the control. Fluorescence intensity of GNPs varied with the GNP size. The decrease in fluorescence intensity may be attributed to size, shape, number of GNPs, quenching of 50 nm GNPs, surface area of GNPs and slow clearance for GNPs of 10 and 20 nm through urine and bile from the kidney. Moreover, decreasing size may lead to an exponential increase in surface area relative to volume, thus making the GNPs surface more reactive on itself (aggregation) and to its surrounding environment (biological components). Size and shape of GNPs may be related to their useful characters and also plays a key role in toxicity. The alterations of accumulation in the kidney tissue, depending on GNP size, which may be mediated by dynamic protein binding and exchange. A better understanding of these mechanisms will improve drug delivery and period and dose estimation used in the risk assessment.

Key words: Gold nanoparticles, sizes, period effects, kidney tissue, fluorescence spectroscopy.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biological study of the effect of licorice roots extract on serum lipid profile, liver enzymes and kidney function tests in albino mice

Maysoon Mohammad Najeeb Mohammad Saleem¹, Arieg Abdul Whab Mohammad¹, Jazaer Abdulla Al-Tameemi² and Ghassan Mohammad Sulaiman¹*

¹Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

²Division of Applied Chemistry, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

Accepted 29 August, 2019

Abstract

This study was carried out to elucidate the effects of oral administration of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract on serum lipid profile, liver enzymes, kidney function test, and glucose concentration in albino mice when compared with ten male mice used as control. 40 male mice were treated for one month and equally allocated into four groups: the first group (G1) was used as the control group. The second (G2), third (G3) and fourth groups (G4) were treated with 1 ml of 0.2, 0.7 and 1 mg mL^-1 day^-1, respectively. There was statistically high significance difference between treated and untreated groups for all biochemical parameters, showing a remarkable effect on serum lipid profile, enzymes and kidney function test. G. glabra root extract at low dose act as anti-lipidaemic agent, has hepatoprotective activity for liver cell, prevents renal failure and is an anti-hyperglycemic agent.

Key words: Glycyrrhiza glabra, liver enzymes, serum lipid profile, kidney function test, glucose concentration.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Studies on the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice and peel on liver and kidney in adult male rats

Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim¹, Mohamed A. Dkhil^1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy²

¹Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.

²Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 16 September, 2019

Abstract

The pomegranate has been traditionally used as medicines in many countries. The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of pomegranate in hepatic and renal tissues of rats. Eighteen adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups, six rats of each. The first group served as control and received saline (0.2 ml saline/rat) by oral administration via epigastric tube. The second group received oral administration of 3 ml/kg pomegranate juice for 21 days and served as pomegranate juice (PJ) group. The third group received oral administration of 200 mg/kg methanol extract of pomegranate peel for 21 days and served as methanol extract of pomegranate peel (MEPP) group. Pomegranate has no effect on liver and kidney functions. The present data demonstrate that PJ and MEPP reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in both liver and kidney tissue homogenate. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of rats received pomegranate was observed. These findings demonstrate that pomegranate has a potent anti-oxidative effect.

Key words: Punica granatum, oxidants/antioxidants status, liver, kidney, rat.