International Journal of Urology and Nephrology

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of ethanol and sialidase activities on the developing kidney of Wistar rats

Wilson, J. I.¹*, Emonido, O. F.¹, Akpulu S. P.² and Igbigbi, P. S.¹

¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.

²Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Accepted 23 August, 2019

Abstract

The use of ethanol is widespread and its adverse effects have been documented. This study was to investigate the histological changes and sialic acid levels of the developing kidney as a result of oral administration of ethanol for thirty days. Twenty five adult Wistar rats, between 170 and 200 g in weight divided into five groups of five rats each were used for this study. 0.18 to 0.19 ml, 0.17 to 0.20 ml, 0.17 to 0.20 ml and 0.17 to 0.18 ml of ethanol was orally administered daily to the rats in Groups II, III, IV and V respectively and the Control group I to 0.2 ml of distilled water. The rats were sacrificed, kidneys were fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies and others homogenised for sialic acid analysis. The results obtained show distortion of the Bowman’s capsule. Karyolytic, karyorrhexic and the cells in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules were in a state of cell death for those animals exposed to ethanol, while those for the control rats appeared normal. The free, bound and total sialic acid levels of the developing kidneys showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Ethanol consumption during pregnancy even at lower doses may lead to degenerative changes in the developing kidney.

Key words: Ethanol, karyolytic and karyorrhexic cells, tubules.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-009, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Immunostimulatory potential of Aristolochia longa L. induced toxicity on liver, intestine and kidney in mice

Ghita BENZAKOUR¹, Nouhad BENKIRANE², Mariam AMRANI³ and Mounia OUDGHIRI^1,4*

¹Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Maroc, Marocco.

²Laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique du centre, 52, Boulevard Zerktouni, Espace Erreda, Casablanca, Maroc, Marocco.

³Laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique, Institut National d’Oncologie, Hôpital Moulay Abdallah, Rabat, Maroc, Marocco.

⁴Immunity and interaction cellular Unit, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco.

Accepted 23 May, 2019

Abstract

Aristolochia longa L. (AL) (Aristolochiaceae) is used by Moroccan patients suffering from cancer during the course of their specific treatment. This practice has remained till date without scientific validation. To validate evidence for or against its continued use as antitumor product and afford data for further studies of this plant, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of an aqueous extract of A. longa by determining its potential of toxicity after oral administration in mice. To explain the mode of action of A. longa, the immunomodulatory activity test was equally carried out. For acute toxicity study, aqueous extract of A. longa given to adult ‘Swiss albinos’ mice in single dose of 2.5 g/kg/day did not produced any visible toxic signs or deaths. While in the sub-chronic toxicity study, the A. longa extract at doses of 1.25 and 2.5 g/kg/day for 3 and 6 weeks induced atypical locomotion, anorexia, asthenia, ataxia, diarrhea and urination for the higher dose used. The histopathological examination showed that A. longa extract at 1.25 g/kg was not toxic, while at 2.5 g/kg it caused a significant toxicity on the liver, intestine and kidney. A gradual regression of hepatic and intestinal lesions was observed during 30 days recovery period. However, in the kidney tissue persistent interstitial nephritis was noted with no significant recovery. The high number of lymphocytes noted in the different organs indicated that it was an immune activity. In fact, when tested against SRBC, there was a statistically significant increase of “haemagglutinating antibody titer” and insignificant increase in “delayed type hypersensitivity” response in mice treated by the non toxic dose of A. longa (1.25 g/kg) compared to control group. We conclude that administration of the aqueous extract of A. longa at saturation limit dose (2.5 g/kg) produced severe and irreversible renal toxic effects in mice induced by a high immunostimulation activity.

Key words: Aristolochia longa L., animal toxicity, traditional medicine, immunomodulatory activity.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Microanatomical effects of aqueous extract of the leaves Cissampelos mucronata on the kidneys of adult female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

B. A. Falana¹*, E. A. Caxton-Martins¹ and D. A. Ofusori²

¹Department of Human Anatomy University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515 Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, OAU, Ile Ife, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 August, 2019

Abstract

The crude extract of the leaves of Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich is generally used as an anti-abortifacient and known to posses uterine relaxant properties. The present study investigates the microanatomy of the kidneys of adult female wistar rats administered aqueous extract of C. mucronata orally. Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups A, B ,C and D (n =6) in the animal holding of the department of Human anatomy University of Ilorin, Nigeria and fed with pellets from Ladoke farms, Ibadan. They were administered varying doses of aqueous extract of the leaves of C. mucronata for two weeks at a concentration of 0.01g/ml/kg body weight. Group A was administered water ad libitum, group B received 0.6 ml, while group C received 1.0 ml, and group D received 0.8 ml crude extract of C. mucronata for two weeks. Result of study indicated by the photomicrographs of transverse sections of the kidneys of the rats that received 1 ml aqueous extract of the leaves of C. mucronata for two weeks showed ruptured blood vessels with distorted cytoplasm compared with control sections. The basement membrane of the sections treated with 0.6 ml of extract was seen to be collapsed. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of the leaves of C. mucronata had deleterious effects on the blood vessels of the kidneys of adult female wistar rats.

Key words: Cissampelos mucronata, blood vessels, kidneys, Wistar rats.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Small farmer practices for production improvement of the kidney-type tomato landrace: A case study in Oaxaca

Jesus B. Estrada-Castellanos¹, Jose C. Carrillo-Rodriguez¹, Martha Jerez-Salas¹, Jose L. Chavez-Servia²* and Catarino Perales-Segovia³

¹Instituto Tecnologico del Valle de Oaxaca, Exhacienda de Nazareno, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlan, Oaxaca, C. P. 71230, Mexico.

²Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Unidad Oaxaca, Hornos # 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlan, Oaxaca, C. P. 71230, Mexico.

³Instituto Tecnologico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 Carr. Aguascalientes–San Luis Potosí, El Llano, Aguascalientes, C. P. 20256, Mexico.

Accepted 21 July, 2019

Abstract

In order to describe the crop management of the kidney-type tomato landrace in four communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, and determine the productive potential of four accessions (seed lots) under three management systems, 25% of the tomato producers in the communities of Santa Cruz Xitla, La Soledad, Santa Ines del Monte and Santa Maria Vigallo were interviewed, and a factorial experiment on crop management practices was established under a randomized block design with three replications. Results of the interviews revealed that, the kidney-type tomato landrace is produced under a system that combines traditional technology, sowing or transplanting in ‘cajetes’ (a hole or pit in which to place the seed or seedling), and introduced technologies such as drip irrigation, use of Agribon row cover, plastic mulch and chemical control of pests and diseases. In the statistical analysis of the factorial experiment, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found among the accessions for all yield characteristics evaluated. The seed lot from Ejutla, Oaxaca generated the highest average fruit weight and equatorial and distal fruit diameter. The seed lots from Ejutla and Zimatlán interacted favorably with the traditional management and biospace systems in relation to higher expressions in fruit weight and distal and equatorial diameter.

Key words: Biospaces, local knowledge, native tomato, small farmers.

International Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN 2091-1254 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-009, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exposure to smoke extract of Datura stramonium leaf: Some of its effects on the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and testes of male Sprague Dawley rats

Adekomi D. A.¹*, Tijani A. A.², Adeniyi T. D.², Musa A. A.¹ and Usman B.³

¹Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

³Center for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Accepted 16 May, 2019

Abstract

Smoking has been recognized as a significant contributor to mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the toxic effects of smoke extract of Datura stramonium leaf on the heart, liver, kidneys and testes of male Sprague Dawley rats. A total of ten male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 100 and 120 g were used for this study. The animals were randomly assigned into two (2) groups; A and B. Animals in group B (treatment group) were exposed to smoke from a completely burnt 0.74 g leaf extract of D. stramonium, wrapped in 0.5 g of sterilized cotton wool for 5 min, three times daily. The animals in group A (control group) were exposed to smoke from completely burnt 1.24 g of sterilized cotton wool with the same parameters as observed with the treatment groups. The duration of exposure was for five days. 3 h after the last exposure, all the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and testes were carefully excised, blotted dry, and fixed in formol saline for histological analysis using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stain. Using the light microscope, it was observed that, the cytoarchitectural profiles of the studied organs were well preserved in the animals in the control group. However, several histological deviations were seen in the sections of the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and testes of the animals in the treatment group. These deviations range from distortion and degeneration of the hepatocytes, reduction in the population of the germ cells and enlargement of the alveoli. These histological deviations indicated that the smoke extract of D. stramonium leaf has deleterious effects on the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and testes of male Sprague Dawley rats and may be associated with structural damage to these vital organs.

Key words: Cotton wool, Datura stramonium, histological deviations, kidneys, liver, testes.