ISSN 2326-7283
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Primary application of the personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) in persons with special needs: A case study of the personality of a deaf person
Siousioura D.*, Tasoulas S. and Alexandropoulos K.
Psychiatric Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Accepted 17 April, 2020
Abstract
The disruption of deafness, as a disturbance of consciousness (sensory impairment), affects human development and may produce psychological and emotional problems. There are some common features of the personality of people with hearing disabilities, which are considered to be intrinsic to the nature of their possible psychiatric problems. From the very minority monitored, the deaf psychiatric patients exhibit a wide range of psychopathology problems such as developmental disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, depression, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and behavioral disturbances. Self harm and sexual offending behaviors may also be present. The study presents an interesting case study of a deaf psychiatric patient assessed with the help of the personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4), translated in the Greek language. The therapeutic benefit derived from the use of the psychometric instrument and how this application assisted in bypassing the communication barrier is discussed.
Key words: Deafness and mental health, interpreters, personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4), personality traits, psychiatric disorder.
Tasoulas S. and Alexandropoulos K., Siousioura D.*
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Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Prevalence of different Nd:YAG Laser induced complication in patients with significant posterior capsule opacification and their correlation with time duration after standard cataract surgery
Aurangzeb Shaikh1*, Faheemullah Shaikh2, Jai Ram Adwani4 and Ziauddin Ahmed Shaikh3
1Department of Ophthalmology, LUMHS Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
2Departmentof Ophthalmology, LUMHS, Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
3Department of Ophthalmology, Unit-I, Dow University of Health Science, and PCB Cell, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
4Department of Ophthalmology, PMC Hospital Nawabshah, Pakistan.
Accepted 16 April, 2020
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of different types of eye complication due to Nd: YAG Laser posterior capsulotomy and its correlation with postoperative time duration following cataract surgery. Eyes underwent ND: YAG Laser posterior capsulotomy (on average 6 months to 3 years) after implantation of Intraocular lens (IOL) in posterior chamber of the eye. Determination of different types of Nd: YAG Laser induced complications in relation with postoperative time duration. We found a higher prevalence of post YAG laser AC reaction, rasised intraocular pressure (IOP), IOL damage, vitreous reaction, macular and retinal damage. Nd: YAG Laser posterior capsulotomy is almost equally safe when performed after six months of cataract surgery.
Key words: Nd:YAG laser, posterior capsule opacification (PCO), intraocular lens (IOL), anterior chamber (AC), macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, glaucoma.
Jai Ram Adwani and Ziauddin Ahmed Shaikh, Aurangzeb Shaikh*, Faheemullah Shaikh
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Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-005, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Epidemiology of human onchocerciasis among farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Okonkwo Chuma Innocent1, Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus2*, Ayogu Thomas Eze3, Oji Anthonia Egwu2 and Onwa Ndubuisi Collins2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
2Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, P. M. B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
3Department of Food Technology, Institute of Management and Technology, P. M. B. 01079, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 January, 2020
Abstract
An epidemiological study on human onchocerciasis was conducted among 450 randomly selected farmers comprising of 213 males and 187 females within the age range of 20 - 50 years and above resident in Ebonyi central senatorial zone of Ebonyi State, Nigeria from January 2009 through December. Onchocerciasis infection was diagnosed by parasitological observation for the presence of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in skin biopsies and adult filariae in excised nodules. Physical examination on the skin of each subject was carried out for Onchocercal depigmentation (Leopard skin) and visible nodules while ocular examination was carried out with illiterate E chat, ophthalmoscope and tonometer. One hundred and fifty (33.3%) farmers were infected with O. volvulus comprising 100(38.0%) males and 50(26.7%) females. The highest infection rate of 37(55.3%) was observed in subjects aged of 50 years and above while the least infection was within the age range of 20 - 29 of age 17(15.5%). 19(19%) of infected males and 3(6%) females had skin lesions due to onchocerciasis, partial blindness was observed in 6(6%) males and 3(9%) females, 64(64%) males and 20(40%) females had low vision while complete blindness was observed in 4(4%) males and 2(4%) females. The importance of implementing onchocerciasis control programmes such as African programme for onchocerciasis control (APOC) and onchocerciasis control programme in West Africa (OCP) in the study areas is hereby advocated.
Key words: Onchocerciasis, microfilaria, leopard skin, nodules, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Ayogu Thomas Eze, Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus*, Oji Anthonia Egwu and Onwa Ndubuisi Collins, Okonkwo Chuma Innocent
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Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-004, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Hemostasis during cold dissection tonsillectomy: Comparing the use of adrenaline and normal saline
Adoga A. A1* and Okeke E. D2
1Department of otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
2Victoria Memorial Hospital, 26D, Ibrahim Taiwo road, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 April, 2020
Abstract
Various hemostatic agents and techniques have been used to reduce intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage in tonsillectomy. This study aims to compare the effect of using adrenaline and normal saline in maintaining hemostasis during cold dissection tonsillectomy. This is a prospective randomized single-blind study spanning fifty seven months in a private hospital setting in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Thirty seven patients aged between 2 and 31 years had tonsillectomy consisting of 22 (59.5%) males and 15 (40.5%) females. The mean age of patients was 15.6 years (SD= ± 8.97). Recurrent tonsillitis (45.9%) was the commonest indication for surgery and obstructive sleep apnea was the commonest associated indication in 12 (32.4%) patients. In 12 (32.4%) patients, there was no associated indication for surgery. The mean time required to achieve hemostasis with the use of adrenaline soaked gauze compress was 3.84 min. (SD= ± 0.92) and with the normal saline soaked gauze compress was 4.15 min. (SD=± 0.81) with a difference of 0.31 min. There was no incidence of primary, reactionary or secondary hemorrhage. The local application of adrenaline as a topical hemostatic agent during tonsillectomies is effective in reducing intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage and invariably reducing operative time with no significant side effects or complications.
Key words: Tonsillectomy, hemostasis, Nigeria.
Okeke E. D, Adoga A. A*
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Short Communication
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-003, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Nasal septal hematoma: Using tubular nasal packs to achieve immediate nasal breathing after drainage
A. N. Umana1*, M. E. Offiong1, P. Francis1, Umoh Akpan1 and Theresa Edethekhe2
1Otolarynolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria.
2Department of Anesthesia, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 January, 2020
Abstract
Nasal septal hematoma is the collection of blood between the cartilage or bony septum and its mucoperichondrium or mucoperiosteum. The most common symptoms in children include nasal obstruction, pain, and rhinorrhoea. Asymmetries of the septum with a bluish or reddish fluctuance suggest a hematoma. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may result in abscess formation, septal perforation and intracranial complications. Therefore, urgent surgical drainage is indicated for all nasal septal hematomas. After drainage, it is conventional, to pack both nostrils with gauze strip as in anterior epistaxis, to approximate the perichondrium to the cartilage. The drain and packing remain in place until the drainage stops for 24 h; this usually takes 2-3 days. These methods of packing the nasal cavity are associated with mouth breathing which can be very uncomfortable thus adding to the patient’s postoperative morbidity. Rather than pack the nostrils with gauze strips as in anterior epistaxis, we used a fenestrated portex endotracheal tube that just firmly fits the patient’s nasal cavity and extending from the posterior choana to about ½ inch beyond the collumela. This allowed for nasal breathing and mucus drainage into the nasopharygnx. The tube-drain/pack remained in place until the drainage stopped for 24 h. This prevented the discomfort of mouth breathing while ensuring a comfortable postoperative patient while asleep or awake.
Key words: Nasal septal hematoma, tubular nasal pack, immediate nasal breathing.
P. Francis, M. E. Offiong, Umoh Akpan and Theresa Edethekhe, A. N. Umana*
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Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Volumetric measurements and anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses of Africans (Nigerians) using dry crania
Amusa Y. B.1, Eziyi J. A. E.1*, Akinlade O.2, Famurewa O. C.3, Adewole S. A.4, Nwoha P. U.4 and Ameye S. A.1
1Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria.
2Otolaryngology Unit, Military Hospital, Onikan, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
3Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria.
4Department of Anatomy and cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 April, 2020
Abstract
The aim is to determine the volume of each sinus and to highlight the anatomical variants that are common in Nigerians’ dry crania. Twenty- four dried skulls of Nigerians from which the temporal bones had earlier been dissected were studied. A 0° sinus endoscopy (Telescope) was utilized to visualize the paranasal sinuses and their degree of pneumatization was noted. Vernier caliper was employed to measure the distance between the anterior and posterior nasal spine. The height, width, depth and volume of each of the sinuses were determined. The anatomical variants were noted. Aplasia of the frontal sinuses was found in 58% of the studied specimen. There was bilateral aplasia in 50% of the specimen while unilateral aplasia occurred in 8% and on the left side. The volumes of the paranasal sinuses were significantly smaller in the studied crania. In all the paranasal sinuses, the right side was found to be larger than the left except for the maxillary sinus where the left side was found to be larger. Ethmoid showed anatomic variants such as haller Cell, frontal cell, onodi cell and the supra orbital cell. Pre sellar pneumatization was found in 20% of the sphenoid while sellar pneumatization was found in 80%.
Key words: Anatomical variants, paranasal sinuses, volume, dried crania, Nigerians.
Amusa Y. B, Akinlade O, Nwoha P. U and Ameye S. A, Adewole S. A, Eziyi J. A. E*, Famurewa O. C
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