African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 304-306 November, 2015.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper 

Trichomonas vaginalis: the most widespread sexually transmitted infection (STI) among female patients

*Gbani O. Fayoshe, Obafemi A. Raymond and Mohammed H. Ali

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 23 October, 2015

Abstract

Trichonomas vaginalis an etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection which was carried out among female patients at Nagari hospital, Keffi, Nigeria. Vaginal discharged with varying degrees of colouration and odour were collected into a normal saline added to the swab of 0.36 g of NaCl solution, the sediments were examined and the rate of prevalence observed were 17 (8.50%), positive with trichomonas infection through the months of April to August. In the category of patients, the unmarried women 5(9.62%) were most infected and 3(5.17%) married women were recorded the least infected and among female children with pelvic inflammatory diseases (PIDs) showed a significant difference in the positivity of infection (ᵪ²=1.07, p <9.49, df=4). However, between the aged group of 23 - 39 years olds were most vulnerable to T. vaginalis infection though, with a relationship in the rate of infection with T. vaginalis (ᵪ²=2.70, p <11.07, df=5). Importantly, most infected female patients had scratched-wounds at the superficial surfaces of the vagina due to severe itching with painful urination, this call for high personal hygiene and regular clinical checkups which should seriously be advocated and proper medical treatment strictly adhered.

Key words: Trichomonas vaginalis, STI, prevalent, medical.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 262-265, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Challenges of 2dimension (2D) Vs 3dimension (3D) imaging application in dental treatment

*Ananda Najib Arshad, Dayang L. Zain and Jaclyn Karpal Francissca

Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.

*Corresponding Authors. Email: [email protected]

Accepted 18 October, 2015

Abstract

Panoramic radiography is a 2 dimension radiograph (2D) and the most widely used technique. Because of the limitations of 2D radiographic techniques, due to overlapping lack of sharpness, technique sensitive and high radiation exposure to the patient, the need for more advanced techniques that could show anatomical relationships three dimensionally increased. Due to the introduction of CBCT, 3D images are becoming more easily available for use in dentistry. However, transfer of treatment plane into successful treatment is more achievable with 3D images. Thus, it takes into consideration less complication, no time wasting for dentist and patient and no financial loss for both patient and the dentist.

Key words: Panoramic radiography, 2 dimension, 3D images.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 301-303 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of carrying angle of an adult Nigerian population

*Nwagbo G. Ikechukwu, Emuobo Harrison and Febresima Okocha

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 30 October 2015

Abstract

Apes and humans are distinguished from other primate species in possessing carrying angle at the elbow. No study exists in the literature regarding carrying angle of adult population of Southeastern Nigerians. 509 healthy volunteers from southeastern Nigeria with an average age range: 18-67 years participated in this study. The carrying angle measurements were performed first on the dominant extremity and then on the non-dominant extremity. The carrying angle was measured with a full-circle manual goniometer made of flexible clear plastic with 35 cm long arms. This device fulfilled the requirements of a universal goniometer. It was positioned on the volar surface of the arm and was aligned with the mid-axis of the humerus to the extended elbow and mid-axis of the fully supinated forearm. In the males, the right carrying angle was 16.9°±4.14° and the left carrying angle was 14.2°±3.53° (P<0.05). in the females, right carrying angle was 20.5°±3.82° and left carrying angle was 17.5°±3.87° (P<0.05). Right and left carrying angles of females were found to be higher than carrying angles of males. This study has established data on the carrying angle in Southeastern Nigerian adult population by anthropometric method. According to the study, the carrying angle of the females ranked higher than males and that of the dominant arm was found to be significantly higher than the non-dominant arm in both sexes. Greater carrying angle in female is considered as secondary sex characteristic. This study will assist the orthopedic surgeons and manufacturers preparing for elbow replacement implants.

Key words: Carrying angle, anthropometry, adults, Nigeria.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 328-331 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An evaluation of the incidence of rheumatic and congenital heart disease among school children in central Nepal

*Guantama Khadka, Paras Buddha and Bhanubhakta Sherpa

Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar, Nepal.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 29 October, 2015

Abstract

To determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) among school children in Chitwan district using clinical and echocardiographic criteria. This is a cross-sectional study involving 7650 school children from general schools (4100) and private boarding schools (3550). The selected students were clinically examined in the school and those having cardiac murmurs were assessed in the hospital (College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur) by trained cardiologists with transthoracic two dimensional echocardiography along with colour doppler. Age-specific rates (prevalence/thousand) of murmurs and structural heart disease (RHD and CHD) were determined. The age of the students ranged from 4 to 15 years with girls preponderance (Girl: Boy = 1.18:1). A significant cardiac murmur was observed in 345 students (45.00/1000) with similar prevalence in boys (45.71) and girls (44.58). Definite RHD was detected in 12 students (1.57/1000) and CHD in 30 patients (3.92/1000). The dominant rheumatic cardiac lesions were mitral regurgitation (3 in number) followed by mitral stenosis (2 in number) and aortic regurgitation (2 in number). Commonest CHD demonstrated were mitral valve prolapse (14 in number) followed by bicuspid aortic valve (9 in number), a trial septum defect-ostium secundum (3 in number), ventricular septal defect (2 in number) and severe pulmonary stenosis (2 in number). There is a low prevalence of RHD and CHD in school children in this region of central Nepal compared to previous Nepalese studies. Cardiac murmurs and RHD are more prevalent among low SES children in general school.

Key words: Rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, prevalence

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 307-312 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An investigation of the effects of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaf and concomitant administration of chloroquine sulphate on the weight and liver cells of rabbit

*Ayi T. Amah, Offiong James Aboh and Abotsi Abriba

Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author.  E-mail:[email protected]

Accepted 17 October 2015

Abstract

Recently herbal medications have been introduced into modern health scheme for the treatment of diseases. Aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica is commonly used in treatment of malaria in combination with chloroquine, especially now that a combined therapy is said to be more effective. This study is designed to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of A. indica leaf, and concomitant administration of chloroquine sulphate + aqueous extract of A. indica leaf on the weight and liver cells of rabbit. Eight adult male rabbits with average weight range between 1.29 to 1.52 kg obtained from Department of Zoology Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Edo state, Nigeria, were used for this study. They were weighed at intervals of five days before and after the experiment. They were randomly divided into four groups (A - D) of two rabbits each. The chloroquine and aqueous extract of A. indica leaf was administered to the animals orally via a cannula inserted through the oral cavity. They were treated as follows, group A received (15 mg kg^-1 dry extract solution of aqueous extract of A. indica), Group B received (15 mg kg^-1 of chloroquine sulphate), group C received (10 0mg ml^-1 dry extract solution of aqueous extract of A. indica + 15 mg kg^-1 of chloroquine sulphate, and the control animals (group D) were given normal saline. Both treatment and control animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The liver was carefully dissected out and immediately fixed in Bouin’s fluid for histological studies. Groups A to D animals showed normal liver histoarchitecture and increase in weight: 2.1% (group A), 1.4% (group B), 0.7%, (group C) and 1.4% (group D) respectively. The average weight of the treated animal shows non-significant (P<0.05) increase compared with the weight of the animals in the control group. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of A. indica leaf has no effect on the histology of the liver and weight of adult male rabbits, even when it is administered synergically with chloroquine sulphate at a reported and recommended safe dose.

Key words: Aqueous extract, Azadirachta indica leaf, chloroquine sulphate, weight, liver, rabbits.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 246-250, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Case Study

An abnormally huge right sided frontoethmoidal mucocele

*Kabiru R. Jibrin, Musa Ibrahim and Rabi'u A. Gaya

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kano University of Science and Technology, Kano, Nigeria.

*Corresponding Authors. Email: [email protected]

Accepted 17 October, 2015

Abstract 

Mucocele as a space occupying lesion is disturbing, especially, when expanding within the potential space in the nose with attendant pressure necrosis and consequent respiratory embarrassment. Bilaterality makes it worse. Good imaging evaluation goes a long way to assist the clinician in management in order to achieve a better outcome. This was a case of a huge right sided frontoethmoidal mucocele with associated ipsilateral visual loss in a 70-year old woman. The lesion had been growing gradually for about four years. The diagnosis was initially made using plain radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the paranasal sinuses and this was latter confirmed intraoperatively during radical frontoethmoidectomy and enucleation of the right eye. Though, mucocele has a number of imaging features of which none is particularly unique, imaging features when taken together with clinical findings will help in better clinical evaluation.

Key words: Frontoethmoidal mucocele, imaging, challenges.