ISSN 2326-7283
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 076-080, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Pervasiveness of hyperglycaemia, obesity and metabolic syndrome (a three component study) among hospital personnel in the Littoral Region of Cameroon
Kingsley Hayford, M.G Kenneth, Milton Alhassan and Koto Botsio
1Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Cameroon.
2Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon.
3Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
4Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon.
Accepted 1 January, 2014
Abstract
There is evidence worldwide of the high prevalence of obesity, hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome in health care providers, although very scanty data is available on this in sub Saharan Africa. The present study aims to determine the frequency of diabetes, elevated Body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome among health-care workers in some hospitals and clinics in Douala, Cameroon. An observational and cross-sectional study was done for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The 2005 definition of The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) was used for 147 health workers. Data were grouped and analyzed according to gender and age. 7.5% of the hospital workers had metabolic syndrome, 71.2% were at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome because of elevated abdominal obesity, 38.4% were obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 4.8% had elevated blood sugar levels. The prevalence rate increased with age: 2.9% (18 to 36 years), 9.5% (37 to 55 years) and 50% for more than 56 years. The definition gave the highest prevalence rate of 7.5% while the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) gave 0.7% with the World health organization (WHO) (1999) giving the lowest prevalence rate of 00%. There is a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among health care personnel in the Littoral region of Cameroon. It is imperative to implement programs to screen these risk factors by means of routine medical exams and improving the lifestyles of Cameroonian health care workers. These study findings could be the basis for future research among hospital staff and the general population.
Key words: International Diabetes Federation (IDF), hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, body mass index.
Milton Alhassan and Koto Botsio, M.G Kenneth, Kingsley Hayford
Page: 76 - 80
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 071-075, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The relationship between ethnicity and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles on late presentation to care and high rates of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV
Gamaliel Anderson, Bruce Ben Richard, Felix David and Michael Agary
1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 2Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
3Manitoba HIV Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
4Centre for Global Public Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 7 March, 2014
Abstract
Within Manitoba, Aboriginal people make up 15% of the province’s population, but accounted for 53% of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in 2011. For over a decade, research has linked the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles as having both protective and harmful effects in HIV disease progression. The abundance of HLA alleles that predispose to rapid disease progression, together with the rarity of protective HLA allele types, may be a contributing factor to a more rapid disease progression amongst individuals of Aboriginal ethnicity. We completed an epidemiological study on all HIV patients new to care in the Manitoba HIV Program in 2010, looking at markers of disease severity, such as CD4 cell count, rates of opportunistic infections (OI), and HLA type. In this cohort, the Aboriginal population was overrepresented, and presented with significantly more advanced HIV infection (lower CD4 counts, higher rates of OI), compared to patients from a Caucasian background. Our data supports previously identified associations between HLA type and disease progression, and demonstrates a difference in distribution of HLA type by ethnicity.
Key words: Aboriginal, disease progression, ethnicity, HLA B27, HLA B35, HLA B51, HLA B5701, human immunodeficiency virus, human leukocyte antigen, opportunistic infection.
Felix David and Michael Agary, Bruce Ben Richard, Gamaliel Anderson
Page: 71 - 75
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 062-066, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Unveiling the effect of probiotic mixture: Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lacidofil®) on acute diarrhea in adult patients
Kim Atos1*, James Cassidy2, Richard Akri3, Raymond C. Brei1, Atiros Herius Bue Sear1 and Sira Emorty1
1Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto
Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia.
2Department of Internal Medicine Koja Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia.
3Department of Internal Medicine, Tarakan Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia.
Accepted 19 February, 2014
Abstract
The concept of taking probiotic supplementation for better health and improving acute episodes of diarrhea has been well-known. Several studies have indicated that probiotic supplementation bring beneficial effects for patients with diarrhea. However, there is a striking lack of evidence on the supplementation of probiotic products in adult patients with acute diarrhea and prescribing probiotics for acute diarrhea has been underestimated. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in adult patients who visited the study sites at three hospitals (Cipto Mangunkusumo, Koja and Tarakan Hospital) in Jakarta between 2007 and 2010. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, that is, the treatment group receiving Lactobacillus spp. product at the dose of 3 × 2 capsules for 7 days and the control group receiving placebo. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program. The p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. The study demonstrated a significant result of faster recovery from diarrhea 1.02 ± 0.48 days sooner than the placebo group (p = 0.018). Greater improvement on clinical outcomes (frequency of stools, stool consistency, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, headache, fever and tenesmus) were observed in the group receiving Lactobacillus spp. supplementation; however, the result was statistically significant on stool consistency only. Combined probiotic supplementation appears to be a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of acute diarrhea in adults. However, further controlled clinical studies as well as good storage, handling and distribution is essential to explore the therapeutic benefit for possible practical clinical application.
Key words: Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, probiotic supplementation, acute diarrhea, adults.
Kim Atos*, Atiros Herius Bue Sear and Sira Emorty, James Cassidy, Richard Akri, Raymond C. Brei
Page: 62 - 66
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 067-070, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effect of insulin therapy and plasma glucose levels on corrected QT intervals in patients with type 2 diabetes
Terri Moon*, Wokre Burec, Niuro Aburie, Brisae Barro and Ishi Isong
Department of Internal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +81-48-453-2146. Fax: +81-58-982-0953.
Accepted 24 January, 2014
Abstract
This study aims is to investigate the effect of medium-term insulin therapy (3 months) and plasma glucose levels on corrected QT intervals (QTc) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were 17 patients with type 2 diabetes who had poor glycemic control and were changed to insulin therapy from sulfonylurea or diet therapy alone. QTc, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum potassium and body weight were measured at baseline and after 3 months of insulin therapy. A significant increase of QTc (0.406 ± 0.027 to 0.421 ± 0.025 s, P =0.0025) and a significant decrease in HbA1c (10.9 ± 1.9 to 7.9 ± 1.7%, P =0.0002) were found after 3 months of insulin therapy. QTc showed no correlation with FPG, HbA1c or body weight before insulin therapy and the change in QTc was not correlated with the change in FPG, HbA1c or body weight from before to after insulin therapy. In this study, insulin therapy for 3 months caused a significant increase of QTc in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, given the small size of the trial, further studies with larger number of patients are needed.
Key words: QTc, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy.
Terri Moon*, Niuro Aburie, Wokre Burec, Brisae Barro and Ishi Isong
Page: 67 - 70
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (2), pp. 060-061, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of esophageal mycosis in HIV adult patients in a Department of Internal Medicine Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
1Ouattara B, 2Bamba V, 3Kra O, 4Ouattara D, 1Kone S, 1Kouassi L, 1Toure HK, 1Nzoue KS, 5Adoubryn KD, 1Kadjo K and 4Niamkey E.K.
1Department of Internal Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Department of Dermatology, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
3Department of Infectious Diseases, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
4Department of Internal Medicine, Felix Houphouet Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
5Department of Parasitology Mycology, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (225) 07 34 39 90
Accepted 18 March, 2014
Abstract
Esophageal mycoses are recurrent in HIV infection and often constitute the sign of its evolution. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of esophageal mycosis in HIV patients. This study was a retrospective one carried out from January 1st 2004 through December 31st 2011 in the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville. It was based on the data contained in the records of all the HIV patients consulted over the study scope of time. Over 335 HIV patients, 174 had esophageal mycosis (52%). The sex-ratio was 0.8 and the average age 35± 5 years. We detected dysphagia in 18.5% of the cases, oropharyngeal mycosis in 18.5% of the cases and in 55% of the cases, esophageal mycosis was a fortuitous discovery. Amidst patients explored for oropharyngeal mycosis, 56.4% of them had an esophagus infection. Esophageal mycosis was classified grade III (44.8%). The HIV-1 serology represented 95.7% of the cases. Candida albicans was the only isolated pathogenic agent. The prevalence of esophageal candidiasis in HIV patients was high. The frequent infection of the esophagus in oropharyngeal mycosis suggests that it should be treated as esophageal mycosis in environments where oeso-gastro-duodenal fibroscopy is not accessible.
Key words: Oeso-gastro-duodenal fibroscopy, Esophageal mycosis, Candida Albicans, HIV/aids, Abidjan.
Toure HK, Kra O, Bamba V, Ouattara B, Ouattara D, Kouassi L, Kadjo K and Niamkey E.K, Kone S, Adoubryn KD, Nzoue KS
Page: 60 - 61
Research Article
African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 056-059, March, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Aetiologies of ascites in a Department of Internal Medicine in Côte d’Ivoire (Sub-Saharan Africa)
1Ouattara B, 2Kra O, 1Kouassi L, 1Kone S, 3Biekre R, 1Toure KH, 1Nzoue KS, 1Kadjo K and 3Niamkey EK
1Department of Internal Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Department of Infectious Diseases, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire.
3Department of Internal Medicine, Felix Houphouet Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 13, March 2014
Abstract
Ascites is a concern in Internal Medicine Departments due to the difficult etiological diagnostic. This study aims at identifying the main causes of (clear fluid) ascites in a Department of Internal Medicine. It was a retrospective transversal study undertaken from January 1st 2006 through December 31st 2011 in the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Teaching Hospital of Treichville based on 225 records of ascites patients admitted in the hospital. The hospital prevalence of ascites was 3.6%. The average age of patients as worked out was 44 ± 6 years [extremes: 19 and 80 years] and a sex-ratio of 1.3. Their medical histories were predominantly chronic viral hepatitis B (14.7%). The main motive of hospitalization was the edema-ascites-(74.7%) of progressive installation (97.3%). Ascites of grade 2 and 3 represented in respective order 48.8% and 44.4%. Their aspect was clear in 45.8% of the cases, transudative in 72.4% of the cases. The most recurrent cause was liver cirrhosis (61.9%) in transudative ascites and peritoneal tuberculosis (65.5%) in exudative ascites. In 1.3% of the cases it was liver bilharzias. Ascites represent a relatively frequent hospitalization motive. Despite the poor state of technical equipment throughout African countries, a general clinical checkup of sick people added to cyto-chemical and bacteriologic tests on the ascites fluid permit to point out the etiology in most cases.
Key words: Ascites, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, bilharzias hepatitis, Abidjan.
Kouassi L, Biekre R, Ouattara B, Nzoue KS, Kra O, Kadjo K and Niamkey EK, Toure KH, Kone S
Page: 56 - 59