African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-003, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Case study

Lung abscess due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an infant

Anjali Aggarwal¹, Varun Aggarwal²*, Sandeep Kumar¹ and Virendra Kumar¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital and Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

²Department of Medical Education, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL 33155, USA.

Accepted 24 February, 2019

Abstract 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a common cause of pulmonary morbidity and mortality in children. We report a seven month old unimmunized child admitted with complaints of cough and fever for fifteen days. Investigations revealed a large cavity in the right lung. Chest computed tomography scan revealed an abscess in the right upper lobe along with multiple necrotic lymph nodes. Gastric aspirates were positive for acid fast bacilli. However, children younger than five years old may develop disseminated TB before the Tubercular Skin Tests result becomes positive. As such, a very high index of suspicion must be adopted when pediatric patients have a contact history.

Key words: Lung Abscess, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Infant.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-011, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Synthesis and investigation of macro compounds via alkylation and azotation reactions

Nagham Mahmood Aljamali*, Radhiya A. Khdur and Haider Kareem Abd.

Chemistry Department, College of Education, Kufa University, Iraq.

Accepted 28 January, 2019

Abstract 

This paper involved synthesis of series from macro compounds through reaction between di carbonyl compounds like (cyclo hexane-1,3-dione., 1,3-diphenyl–propadione, acetyl acetone, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, malonic acid) with di amine compounds or thiophene compound to produce compounds [1-5 ,7, 8,11], which reacted with azo compound, benzaldehyde, via alkylation reaction and azotation reaction to yield compounds [6,9,10,12] .The structure of these compounds were characterized by (H.NMR, FT.IR, C.H.N–analysis) techniques and their melting points.

Key words: Macro compound, azotation, seven–membered, thiophene, diazepine, hydrazo.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Limitation of 2dimension (2D) Vs 3dimension (3D) imaging application in dental treatment

Mohammed Jasim Al-Juboori¹*, Hussein Ali Al-Wakeel², Foong Su Wen² and Chong Mei Yun²

¹Oral Surgery Department, Dental Faculty, MAHSA University, level 4, block E, pusat Bandar damansara, 50490, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Dental Faculty, MAHSA University, level 4, block E, pusat Bandar damansara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 22 January, 2019

Abstract

Panoramic radiography is a 2 dimension radiograph (2D) and the most widely used technique. Because of the limitations of 2D radiographic techniques, due to overlapping lack of sharpness, technique sensitive and high radiation exposure to the patient, the need for more advanced techniques that could show anatomical relationships three dimensionally increased. Due to the introduction of CBCT, 3D images are becoming more easily available for use in dentistry. However, transfer of treatment plane into successful treatment is more achievable with 3D images. Thus, it takes into consideration less complication, no time wasting for dentist and patient and no financial loss for both patient and the dentist.

Key words: Panoramic radiography, 2 dimension, 3D images.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of a multi-fruit wine on some haematological parameters of male and female rats

Atamgba Agbor Asuk¹*, Ofem Effiong Ofem², Kazeem Olasunkanmi Ajeigbe³, Mbeh Ubana Eteng⁴ and Kingsley Omage⁵

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku-Campus, P.M.B 1123 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

²Department of Physiology, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

³Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Biochemistry, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 26 November, 2018

Abstract

This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of wine obtained from a blend of five fruit extracts on some haematogical indices of male and female albino Wistar rats. Seventy male and female rats were randomly divided on the basis of body weight and sex into seven study groups. Group I (normal control) received normal diet and distilled water only, while the other groups except VI and VII (which had low doses of standard red and cashew wines respectively) received either low (corresponding to four standard drinks) or high (six standards) doses of the respective multi-fruit wine samples. Haematological indices determined showed that Hb and RBC values were not altered in both sexes compared with the control. The WBC values of all the test groups of female and male rats decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with the normal control except H-MFWA (high dose of multi-fruit wine with additives) in females which compared well with the normal control. General decrease in MCV values of females and increase in males were significant (P<0.05) in some cases when compared with the normal control. Results of the investigation showed that sex differences associated with the handling of alcohol toxicity in the serum exist among male and female rats with the administration of multi-fruit wine. It also suggests the possible role of phytochemicals and wine additives in influencing the outcome of certain haematological parameters.

Key words: Haematological parameters, multi-fruit wine, phytochemicals, standard wines, wine additives.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Usefulness fetal heart rate of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry in clinical decision-making based on cardiotocographic criteria of nonreassuring

López MF¹*, Puertas A², Valverde M³, Gallo JL², Aibar L² and Moreno D²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Poniente Hospital, Carretera Almerimar s/n, 04700 El Ejido, Almería, Spain.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital “Virgen de las Nieves”, Granada, Spain.

³Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Santa Ana, Motril, Granada, Spain Spain.

Accepted 13 November, 2018

Abstract

The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry on rates of cesarean delivery motivated by nonreasssuring fetal heart rate. This is an Interventional quasi-experimental single-cohort study of women who fulfilled cardiotocographic criteria for ending labor. The decision whether to allow labor to proceed or to end labor was based on the FSpO₂ value. Of the 156 pregnant women who met the cardiotocographic criteria for ending labor, cesarean delivery was used for only 47 based on a protocol for intrapartum fetal monitoring with pulse oximetry. Mean umbilical artery blood pH was 7.20. Intrapartum pulse oximetry for fetuses with nonreassuring fetal heart rate provided information on actual fetal oxygenation status, and led to a lower rate of false positive findings than with cardiotocographic monitoring and hence a reduction in the number of cesarean deliveries due to nonreassuring fetal heart rate.

Key words: Cesarean delivery, fetus, fetal pulse oximetry, electronic fetal monitoring.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Case Study

An unusually large right frontoethmoidal mucocele

Mohammad H, FMCR

Department of Radiology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 26 November, 2018

Abstract

Mucocele as a space occupying lesion is disturbing, especially, when expanding within the potential space in the nose with attendant pressure necrosis and consequent respiratory embarrassment. Bilaterality makes it worse. Good imaging evaluation goes a long way to assist the clinician in management in order to achieve a better outcome. This was a case of a huge right sided frontoethmoidal mucocele with associated ipsilateral visual loss in a 70-year old woman. The lesion had been growing gradually for about four years. The diagnosis was initially made using plain radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the paranasal sinuses and this was latter confirmed intraoperatively during radical frontoethmoidectomy and enucleation of the right eye. Though, mucocele has a number of imaging features of which none is particularly unique, imaging features when taken together with clinical findings will help in better clinical evaluation.

Key words: Frontoethmoidal mucocele, imaging, challenges.