African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn anthocyanins alter circulating reproductive hormones in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

I. O. Omotuyi¹, A. Ologundudu¹*, V. O. Onwubiko², M. D. Wogu² and F. O. Obi³

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Ondo State, Nigeria.

²School of Basic Sciences (Zoology), Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

³Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 5 February, 2023

Abstract

Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (family malvecea) calyx anthocyanin was investigated on circulating levels of reproductive hormones in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Forty (40) rabbits (twenty each for male and female) weighing 1.2 ± 0.2 kg were grouped into two control (water control, anthocyanin (delphinidin-3-monoglucoside) standard) and two experimental groups (whole extract (calyces of H. sabdariffa L.) and anthocyanin extract of calyces of H. sabdariffa L). While the water control group received 1.0 ml of water at 0900 h everyday for 28 days at 14:10 light/dark regime, the anthocyanin control and experimental group were administered 200 mg/kg oral doses of the different preparations. Blood samples were drawn prior to administration (day zero) and every seven days at 0900 h for the estimation of serum prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone using ELISA. 28-day daily oral administration of delphinidin-3-monoglucoside and anthocyanin-rich extract of H. sabdariffa L. to rabbits is associated with high circulating prolactin in males and non-lactating female rabbits. This may be potentially important in phytotherapuetic induction of milk production in lactating animals. This treatment regime is also associated with lowered circulating FSH in males and female rabbits. Long-term reduction in circulating FSH levels might play important role in failed follicular development in developing female animals and gonadal atrophy in matured animals.

Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa, anthocyanins, serum prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 11 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Foreign body aspiration in children; Analysis of 42 cases

Tulin Durgun Yetim¹, Hanifi Bayarogulları², Vefik Arıca³*, Bülent Akcora⁴, Secil Gunher Arıca⁵, Murat Tutanc³

¹Mustafa Kemal University Thoracic Surgery Department, Asisst Proff. Dr. Hatay, Turkey

²Mustafa Kemal University Radiology Department, Asisst. Proff. Dr. Hatay, Turkey.

³Mustafa Kemal University Pediatric Department, Asisst. Proff. Dr. Hatay. Turkey.

⁴Mustafa Kemal University Pediatric Surgery Department, Asisst. Proff. Dr. Hatay, Turkey.

⁵Mustafa Kemal University Family Medicine Department, Asisst. Proff. Dr. Hatay, Turkey.

Accepted 09 April, 2022

Abstract

Tracheal foreign body aspiration is among the major causes of death in developing countries, specifically in infancy and childhood. If it is diagnosed in early period and the foreign body is removed, no complication develops. Records of 42 forensic child patients who applied to Mustafa Kemal University, Medical Faculty Hospital and to the Antakya State Hospital, Thoracic Surgery and Pediatric Surgery clinics between 2008-2011, and hospitalized with the thraceobronchial foreign body aspiration prediagnosis were studied retrospectively. Of the 42 patients, 22 were male and 20 were female, and their ages ranged from 4 months to 5 years. Foreign body was detected in 38 cases. In 4 cases, bronchoscopy was performed with the suspicion of foreign body, but no foreign body was observed. The foreign body was removed with rigid bronchoscopy in 37 cases, and in one case, metal tip of a pen was removed from left upper lobe bronchus with thoracotomy. Foreign body aspirations in children mostly originate from accidents. Similarly, the cause of aspiration in children under the age of 5 in our study was mainly accidental and the rest were due to the negligence.

Keywords: foreign body, aspiration, bronchoscopy, children

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of dermatophytes and other associated fungi among school children

Ndako, J.A,¹ Osemwegie, O.O,¹ Spencer T.H.I² Olopade, B.K¹ Yunusa, G.A,³ and Banda J⁴

¹Department of biological sciences, college of science and engineering, Landmark University, PMB 1001 Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.

²Department of medical laboratory sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

³Department of medical microbiology, federal college of veterinary and medical laboratory sciences, Vom Nigeria.

⁴Department of pathology, general hospital Kafanchan, Nigeria.

Accepted 02 January, 2023

Abstract

The study investigated the prevalence of dermatophytosis and associated non-dermatophytes among Islamiyya school children of ages 5 – 13 years old in Kano metropolis. A total of 100 samples were collected and 91 (91%) yielded positive to fungal growth from which 66 (72.5%) were identified from males and 25 (27.5%) from females school children respectively. Dermatophytes amounting to 53 (58.2%) in frequency were recorded out of which 39 (73.6%) were isolated from males and 14 (26.4%) on females. Non-dermatophytes were also more in males (27 isolates) than females which had 11. The etiological agents of dermatophycoses recorded in this study in descending order of prevalence are M. ferrugineum (15.4%), M. canis (15.4%), M. audounii (9.9%), T. concentricum (5.5%), T. verrucosum (3.3%), T. rubrum (3.3%), T. mentagrophyte (2.2%), T. tonsorans (1.1%) and T. schoenleini (1.1%). A. flavus (9.9%), A. niger (8.8%), Penicillium sp. (7.7%), Candida albicans (5.5%), Mucor sp. (4.4%), Trichoderma sp. (3.3%) and A. fumigatus (2.2%) constituted the non-dermatophytes associated with these cutaneous infections. Higher frequency of dermatophytosis occurred more in children with greater propensity for play, interaction with domestic animals and who lacked the luxury of school seats during classroom learning.

Keywords: Dermatophytosis, non-dermatophytes, prevalence, school children, etiological agents, Kano metropolis.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro parasite count and EC₅₀ in trypanosome cultures incubated with some selected iron chelators

Sulaiman Faoziyat A.¹*, Akanji M.A¹, Green, B. O², Badjatia, N³ and Gunzl A³

¹Biochemistry Department, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria.

²College of Naturopathic Medicine, University of Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S.A.

³Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut, Farmington USA.

Accepted 02 October, 2022

Abstract

Trypanosoma brucei (Lister 427 strain) grown in in vitro cultures were incubated with some selected iron chelators. Parasite counts were done at 24hrs interval for 72hours to determine their effectiveness on parasites’ reduction. The EC₅₀ for each drug in the management of trypanosomiasis was also determined. While deferoxamine, deferiprone and adriamycin had the most significant effect (P < 0.05) on parasite reduction, Inositol heaxphosphate and Magnesium trisilicate had the least. Magnesium trisilicate was suggested to be a potent growth factor for the parasites rather than as inhibitor since no EC₅₀ could be calculated. The EC₅₀ for the drugs were calculated to be 8.02µM, 13.71µM, 27.30µM, 420.98µm, and 1404.02µM, for Deferoxamine, Deferiprone, Adriamycin, ibuprofen and Inositol hexaphosphate respectively. The order of efficacy of the drugs in the management of trypanosomiasis is thus: Deferoxamine > Deferiprone > Adriamycin > Ibuprofen > Inositol Hexaphosphate > Mg. Trisilicate

Keywords: Chelators, Deferoxamine, Deferiprone, Adriamycin, Ibuprofen, Magnesium trisilicate, inositol hexaphosphate Trypanosome culture, EC₅₀.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 11 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Editorial

Subclinical Hypothyroidism: does it occur in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome? Evidence for impaired thyroid hormone receptor affinity from animal studies  

Orien L Tulp¹, O F Obidi³, T C Oyesile^3, Frantz Sainvil¹, Rolando Branly¹, and Aftab Awan², Michael Anderson¹, and George P Einstein¹

¹College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, BWI, MSR 1110 and ²Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, University of Lagos, Nigeria³.

Accepted 08 March, 2023

Abstract

To determine the potential for subclinical thyroidal actions as a contributing factor for hormonal regulation of energy balance and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, studies of resting and catecholamine stimulated metabolism, thyroid hormone half life, hormone bind characteristics and weight gain, groups of lean and obese congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rats were offered stock or high energy diets and parameters of thyroid hormone action determined. The obese phenotype demonstrated impaired thermic responses to diet and environment and cold induced thermoregulation, in association with decreases in plasma T3 but not T4 concentrations. The plasma half life of T4 was 50% longer in obese than in lean littemates, while the half life of T3 was similar in both phenotypes. Measures of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor density were similar in both phenotypes, but receptor affinity for T3 was diminished in the obese phenotype, consistent with impaired thyroidal actions as a contributing factor for subclinical hypothyroidism in the obese phenotype of this strain.

Key Words: Obesity, Hypothryoidism, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperamylinemia, Research, Rats.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Role of antiepileptics in Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

Choudhury Habibur Rasul¹*, Khan Golam Mostafa², Evana Nasrin³

¹Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Khulna Medical College and Hospital.

²Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Khulna Medical College and Hospital.

³Assistant Registrar, Department of Paediatrics Khulna Medical College and Hospital.

Accepted 04 February, 2012

Abstract

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome is an x linked disorder of purine metabolism manifested by mental retardation, hyperuricemia and compulsive self biting. The defect results from enzyme (HPRT) deficiency. There are several neuropsychiatric symptoms depending on the level of HPRT. We present here a boy of 54 months presenting with classical features and treated with three different antilepileptics in successive order. Treatment with Gabapantine had shown significant improvement of neuropsychiatric features in contrast to other antiepileptics.

Keywords: Lesch Nyhan Syndrome, Antiepileptics, Gabapantine.