African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-009, May, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of red and white seed extracts of Abrus precatorius Linn. against freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats.

M. Sudaroli and T. K. Chatterjee*

Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkatta 700 032, India.

Accepted 20, April 2022

Abstract

Abrus precatorius (Fam: Leguminosae) is a folklore medicinal plant traditionally indicated to treat cancer, ulcer and fever. The purpose of the present study was aimed to evaluate the comparative therapeutic potential of both A. precatorius white (APW) and A. precatorius Red (APR) seed extracts on Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The investigated result showed that the APW (250 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) inhibited the FCA induced arthritis and increased paw withdrawal latency indicating a protective effect against arthritis induced nociceptive behavior during rheumatoid arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover APR (250 mg/kg) also tends to suppress the inflammation at p<0.05 level significance but at the later phase. Therefore APW treatment found to possess potent anti-arthritic activity with least toxicity (no ulcerogenic) and the treatment significantly inhibited the development phase of arthritis, which is further supported by its radiographic analysis and its anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to that of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Both the extracts exhibited significant (p<0.001) anti pyretic activity in brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia.

Key words: Abrus precatorius (Leguminosae), Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis, antinociceptive, antipyretic effects.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study on the performance of grain residues rations in ANAK 2000 chicks

Ajiboso, S. O. O.¹*, Gbate, M.², Adejumo, O. I.³ and Adeyemo, S. O.²

¹Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Federal Polytechnic P. M. B. 55 Bida Niger State, Nigeria.

²Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic P. M. B. 55 Bida Niger State, Nigeria.

³Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Polytechnic P. M. B. 55 Bida Niger State, Nigeria.

Accepted 27 March, 2022

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the performance of grain residues as feed resources in chicks. Three different rations were formulated using grain residues and salted groundnut cake. The performance of these rations (F₂, F₃, and F ₄) and commercial feed (F₁) were comparatively studied for a period of ten weeks in term of body weight gain, temperature and cytological implications in ANAK 2000 chicks. The results revealed that the chicks maintained on the commercial feed had comparative better performance in term of body weight gain than grain residues. Comparatively, the maize husk ration (F₂) had better performance than rice husk (F₃) and cowpea pod (F₄) rations. This performance may be attributed to some factors such as its documented nutritive values and its colour, aroma and texture which compare favourably with the commercial feed. At P< 0.05, there was a significant difference between feeds effect and body weight gain, but no significant difference was observed between feeds effect and body temperature of chicks. No blood haemorrhage and ulceration was revealed in the result of cytological examinations of gastrointestinal lining, heart, lung and gizzard of the chicks. From the work carried out, maize husk which is otherwise wasted is hereby recommended for rural poultry farmers as a feed resource for formulation of a least cost ration, which will be economical, reduce space occupied by biomass and enhance the performance of the chicks.

Key words: Chick, ration, cytological, residue, temperature, weight.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 10 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Adaptogenic potentials of Camellia sinensis leaves, Garcinia kola and Kola nitida seeds

Charles O. Esimone¹, Michael U. Adikwu¹, Chukwuemeka S. Nworu²*, Festus B. C. Okoye³ and Damian C. Odimegwu⁴

¹Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.

³Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria.

Accepted 7 February, 2022

Abstract

In this study, we screened Garcinia kola seed (GKS), Kola nitida seed (KNS) and Camellia sinensis Leaves (TEA) for adaptogenic potentials. The investigation was carried out in albino rats to determine the ability of these plant materials to increase non-specific resistance against physical, chemical and biological stressors. The results show that the three plant materials protected the animals from bacteria- induced mortality and morbidity and significantly reduced infection- induced leucocytosis in the rats. This confirms the ability of the herbs to protect the organisms from biological stress. However, while GKS was more effective than the other adaptogens in reducing monocytosis, KNS and TEA were effective in reducing neutropenia. Only KNS alleviated lymphocytosis. The effect of the adaptogens in alleviating physical stress was evaluated by the cold immobilization stress-induced ulcer models. The three adaptogens significantly (P < 0.05) protected the rats from cold-immobili-sation stress ulcers when compared to the control treatment. The ulcer protection property of these adaptogens is of the order: KNS > GKS > TEA. The result shows that G. kola seed (GKS) alleviated the hepatic degenerative changes associated with ciprofloxacin. G. kola seed, K. nitida seed, and C. sinensis leaves have shown remarkable ability to increase non-specific resistance to biologic, physical and chemical stressors and could therefore qualify as adaptogens.

Key words: adaptogens, Camellia sinensis, Garcinia kola, kola nitida, phytoadaptogens, stress.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Vitex doniana leaves

Iwueke, A. V^1*, Nwodo, O. F. C², Okoli, C. O³

¹Dept. of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. ²Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. ³Dept of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Accepted 15 January, 2022

abstract

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extract of leaves of Vitex doniana Sweet (Verbenaceae) were investigated as well as the mechanisms of action. The extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the formation of paw edema induced by agar in rats and increased reaction latency to thermal pain in mice in a dose-dependent manner. The extract caused a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent ulceration of the rat gastric mucosa and concentration-dependent inhibition of hypotonicity-induced haemolysis of red blood cells. Also, the extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the activities of phospholipase A₂ and prostaglandin synthase in a concentration-related manner. These suggest that the leaves possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities mediated through sequential inhibition of the enzymes responsible for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Acute toxicity studies established an oral LD₅₀ greater than 3 000 mg/kg.

Key words: Vitex doniana, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic activity.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the aqueous extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark for antimicrobial activities and gastrointestinal effects

F.C. NWINYI ¹*, L. BINDA ¹, G.A. AJOKU², S.O. ANIAGU¹, N.M. ENWEREM³,A. ORISADIPE³, D. KUBMARAWA⁴, K.S. GAMANIEL¹

¹Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

³Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institutefor Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Accepted 2 January, 2022

Abstract

The aqueous extract of Boswelli dalzielii Hutch (family: Burseraceae) was investigated for therapeutic properties using aspirin-induced ulceration in rats, gastrointestinal motility in mice and castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of the extract was carried out via the oral route in mice. Antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was also investigated. The extract did not show toxicity signs or death at doses  2000 mg/kg p.o. The extract (50-200 mg/kg i.p.) dose dependently reduced acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) (200 mg/kg p.o.) - induced ulceration in rats. The results obtained compared favourably with cimetidine (100 mg/kg i.p.). The extract (25-100 mg/kg p.o.) dose also dependently reduced intestinal propulsion of charcoal-treated mice. However, the extract (25-100 mg/kg i.p) did not produce significant (P >O.O5) protection against castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. No antimicrobial effects were shown by the extract (200 mg/kg) against any of the tested organisms. Tannins were detected in the aqueous extract. The above results show that B. dalzielii stem bark probably contains some active ingredients that could be developed for such gastrointestinal problems as have been claimed by traditional medical practitioners.

Key words: Boswellia dalzielii, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal motility, diarrhoea, antimicrobial effects.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN: 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Hodgkin's disease and bone marrow compression following a diagnostic delay in the Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology Unit at the National Teaching Hospital Center (NTHC)-Hubert Koutoukou Maga (HKM) of Cotonou: a case report and review of the literature

Azon Kouanou Angèle¹, Agbodande Kouessi Anthelme¹, Murhula Katabana Delphin^1,2, Assogba Houénoudé Mickaël Arnaud¹, Missiho Mahoutin Semassa Ghislain¹, Sokadjo Yves Morel¹., Gbewedo Noé¹, Ahouissoussi Ibiyele Cornelly³, Baglo Tatiana⁴, Zannou Djimon Marcel¹, Houngbe Fabien¹

¹Internal medicine and medical oncology unit of the (NTHC)-HKM of Cotonou, Republic of Benin. Corresponding author: Angèle AZON KOUANOU, 06BP1782, E.mail: [email protected] 

²Internal Medicine Unit of the University Clinics of Bukavu, Official University of Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.

³Anatomopathological laboratory Adéchina (Ex Dubois) of Cotonou in the Republic of Benin

⁴Hematology and blood diseases department at the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou.

Accepted 05 October, 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Hodgkin's disease is a rare disease of the lymphoid tissue that occurs mainly in young adults. Its localization in the bone marrow is rare and can lead to severe functional disability. We are reporting in this work the case of a young boy of 18-year-old who was followed in the department. Observation: 18-year-old patient admitted to the department for exploration of febrile adenopathies (PDA), context of weight loss. The onset was reported to be one year prior to admission. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was suspected and treated for 4 months without success, in front of evocative signs with a notion of contagion.   This situation was associated with moderate asthenia, intermittent fever without cough, or night sweats. The occurrence of a progressive paresis of the right pelvic limb, three days before admission, associated with low spinal pain and hyperesthesia of the pelvic limbs motivated her hospitalization. General conditions altered with a WHO performance index of 2.  Temperature was 37°8C, HR 90bpm, Blod Pression (BP): 120/85mmHg, Respiratory Rate (RR) 20cpm, oxygen saturation (SpO₂): 98% on room air. Physical examination: presence of bilateral superficial cervical, axillary and inguinal PDAs, painless, mobile, of variable size. Paraplegia was noted with 3/5 motor strength in the left pelvic limb and 2/5 in the right pelvic limb. Low spinal pain of the burning type 9/10 according to VAS. Biology showed a major inflammatory syndrome. On imaging, the thoracoabdominopelvic CT scan showed hepatosplenomegaly and multiple deep retroperitoneal adenopathies with soft tissue infiltration. Spinal cord MRI revealed multiple spondylitis, an extensive intraductal and epidural tissue process at T12-L1 and L2-L3, and an anterior epidural infiltration opposite L2 responsible for spinal cord compression. Pathology of the cervical lymph node revealed the presence of Reed Stenberg cells with CD30+ expression on immunohistochemistry. The patient was put on chemotherapy and the evolution at 3 months was slowly favorable with progressive functional recovery. Conclusion: Spinal cord compression is a rare complication of Hodgkin lymphoma. It often occurs at an advanced stage of the disease. The evolution can be favorable if treated early and appropriately.

Keywords: Lymphoma, Hodgkin, diagnostic delay, bone marrow compression.