African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Protective effects of mushroom and their ethyl extract on aging compared with L-carnitine

Ahmed, M. Gaafar¹*, Heba E. Yossef² and Hala H. Ibrahim²

¹Department of Special Food and Nutrition, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University St. – Giza, Giza, Egypt.

²Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Minufiya University, Egypt.

Accepted 10 March, 2021

Abstract

The effects of 10% dried mushroom and 300 mg mushroom extract on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and liver functions of rats were evaluated and compared with L-carnitine. Food intake, body weight and histological examination of liver tissues were also evaluated. Supplementation diet of rats with 10% dried mushroom, 300 mg mushroom extract and 300 and 600 mg L-carnitine resulted in a significant decrease in total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, aspartate amino transferase (AST) enzyme, alanine amino transferase (ALT) enzyme, alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme, malonaldehyde (MAD) and body weight compared to control. However, glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH) and food intake were significantly increased in rats supplemented with 10% dried mushroom, 300 mg mushroom extract and 300 and 600 mg L-carnitine. Liver tissues of rats were improved by the supplementation with 10% dried mushroom and 300 mg L-carnitine. However, the supplementation with 300 mg mushroom extract and 600 mg L-carnitine were more effective in improving the liver tissues. These results suggest that mushroom and their extract can improve the antioxidant status during ageing and minimize the occurrence of age-associated disorders associated with involvement of free radicals.

Key words: Dried mushroom, mushroom extract, L-carnitine, lipids profile, liver function, lipid peroxidation.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) fed rats

K. Nirmala*, T. Prasanna Krishna and K. Polasa

Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), PO - Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad - 500 007, India.

Accepted Date 05 February, 2021

Abstract

An association between diet and cancer has been documented only in recent decades. Biotransformation enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics that may be bioactivated or bioinactivated. An in vivo experiment was conducted to study the effect of ginger feeding on drug metabolizing enzymes using NIN/male wistar rats. NIN/male wistar rats that were fed with ginger(G) incorporated diet [Control, 0.1, 0.5 and 5%G] for a month and half the animals from all the groups were given 5 mg Benzo(a)pyrene intraperitoneally and after 24 h all the animals were sacrificed and different organs were collected. The drug metabolizing enzymes namely glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR) were estimated in cytosol whereas aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) were analyzed in microsomes. The enzyme levels were significantly higher in all the carcinogen treated animals compared to their respective controls. Stimulation of GST activity was seen in liver (p < 0.001) of all the carcinogen and ginger treated groups compared to control. However, significant activity was observed in lungs (p < 0.05), in kidney (p < 0.01) and in intestine (p < 0.001) at 1 and 5% level of ginger feeding compared to control. Significant stimulation of QR activity was observed in liver (p < 0.05) of 1 and 5% ginger fed groups. In lung and kidney increase in the activity was seen in 5% level of ginger feeding. However, there was no significant activity in the levels of UDPGT and AHH. The results of this study demonstrate that ginger intake can stimulate the xenobiotic detoxification. Therefore regular consumption of ginger through diet can confer protective effect against the toxic effect of xenobiotics.

Key words: Ginger, drug metabolizing enzymes, benzo(a)pyrene, detoxification.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-011, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of micronutrient supplementation on the nutritional and immune status of school going children with iron deficiency anemia

Narayanasamy Sangeetha¹* and S. Premakumari²

¹Department of food science and technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry- 605 014

²Department of food science and nutrition, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043

Accepted 11 March, 2021

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is a major public health problem in India widely prevalent among children. The present study was aimed to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and also to improve the immune status, school performance through dietary supplementation with micronutrient rich foods (wheat germ, rice flakes, gingelly seeds, microwave oven dehydrated carrot powder, jaggery).The present study was conducted on children in the age group of 7 - 9 years (N: 1675) from primary corporation school located in the urban areas of Chennai district. Out of 1675 children, 1151(68.7%) children had exclusive signs and symptoms of anemia. The blood hemoglobin levels revealed that 662 children were moderately anemic and the remaining 15 and 74 children showed severe and mild signs and symptoms of anemia respectively. Out of 662 children who were moderately anemic, 150 children were randomly selected for the supplementation study. They were further divided into three groups of 50 children each to receive the food based supplement (Micronutrient rich balls), synthetic supplement (Riconia tablet, a micronutrient fortified tablet) and the third group constituted the control group. The supplementation study was for a period of six months. The impact of supplementation was studied initially and at the end of 6 months in terms of anthropometric measurements, morbidity pattern, dietary assessment and biochemical analysis. The results revealed that, supplementation in the food form resulted in significant improvement in the parameters studied. The findings of this research leads to the conclusion beyond doubt that the food based approach will serve as an effective strategy to combat deficiencies and to promote health and well being of the children and ensure global security.

Key words: Childhood malnutrition, blood hemoglobin, serum retinol, serum zinc, immune profile.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The influence of dietary intake on the serum lipid profile, body mass index and risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults on the Niger Delta region

Silver Ighosotu¹ and Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari²*

¹Department of Chemical Sciences, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria.

²Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 March, 2021

Abstract

This study is designed to assess some of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in healthy adult subjects in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, in relation to their dietary intake habits. 131 male and female adults aged 20 - 40 years were assessed. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, serum lipid profile and electrolytes among two populations were estimated. Diet history recall questionnaire, food sample analysis and food composition tables were used to compute energy and nutrients intake. In Delta State subjects, the body mass index (BMI) was significantly different from those of Cross River State. There was a significantly higher intake in energy and protein and a lower fibre and ash intake by the participants from Delta State. Total serum cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerides (TG) and TC/HDL-C ratio, were also higher in Delta State participants. In conclusion, we inferred that 22, 15 and 35% of the participants from Delta State were at risk of CVD compared to 5, 6 and 10% from Cross River based on the respective BMI, blood pressure and TC/HDL-C ratio values.

Key words: Body mass index, cardiovascular diseases, dietary intakes, serum lipids.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ficus racemosa bark: Nutrient composition, physicochemical properties and its utilization as nutra tea

Faiyaz Ahmed¹*, Mysore Ramaswamy Asha², Asna Urooj¹ and Kodangala Keshava Bhat²

¹Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 006, India.

²Sensory Science Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore - 570 020, India.

Acceptance 12 March, 2021

Abstract

The present study reports, the nutrient composition, physicochemical properties and utilization potential of Ficus racemosa stem bark as an ingredient in tea, a popular non alcoholic beverage. The bark was found to be a good source of dietary fiber, minerals, sugars and phenolic compounds. On dry basis, the total dietary fiber content was 20.5% of which major portion was contributed by insoluble dietary fiber (13.6%). Potassium was the most abundant mineral (11975 ppm) followed by chloride (7475 ppm) and calcium (1729 ppm). The bark was also a good source of other minerals and trace elements such as phosphorus and iron, zinc, magnesium, respectively. Further, the bark powder was used as an ingredient in the preparation of tea and the bark incorporated tea (nutra tea) was found to contain significantly higher amounts of phenolic compounds compared to control tea (p 0.05). Sensory analysis of the nutra tea indicated no perceptible off-taste or off-aroma and the overall quality was similar to that of control and was acceptable in terms of all sensory attributes. The results suggest that the bark could be effectively used in the preparation of tea to derive its beneficial effects particularly attributable to those of phenolics.

Key words: Ficus racemosa, Nutra tea, total phenolics, AAS, sensory analysis.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 9 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of strawberry juice preserved with chemical preservatives at refrigeration temperature

Muhammad Ayub, Javid Ullah, Ali Muhammad and Alam Zeb

Department of Food Science and Technology, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan.

Accepted 17 October, 2020

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of chemical preservatives on strawberry juice. The samples were; pasteurized strawberry juice (T₀), pasteurized strawberry juice with 20% sucrose (T₁), pasteurized juice with 0.1% sodium benzoate (T₀), pasteurized juice with 20% sucrose and 0.1% sodium benzoate (T₃), pasteurized juice with 0.1% potassium sorbate (T₄) pasteurized juice with 2% sucrose and 0.1% potassium sorbate (T₅) pasteurized juice with 0.05% sodium benzoate and 0.05% potassium sorbate (T₆) pasteurized juice with 20% sucrose, 0.05% sodium benzoate and 0.05% potassium sorbate (T₇) pasteurized juice with 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% potassium sorbate (T₈) and pasteurized juice with 20% sucrose, 0.1% potassium sorbate and 0.1% sodium benzoate (T₉). The samples were stored at 4 - 15°C for three months. T ₀ and T₁ were rejected soon due to spoilage. Minimum ascorbic acid content was reduced in T₉ (9.8%), while maximum in T₂ (26%). Acidity increased from 1.39 to 2.38% with maximum in T₁ and T₉. pH decreased from 3.29 to 2.22. Reducing sucrose increased from 15.7 to 17.8 and non-reducing sucrose decreased from 11.6 to 8.3. The total soluble solids (TSS) increased from 16.5 to 17.4° brix with maximum in T₀ (60%) and minimum in T₆ (5.6). Treatments T _9, T₇ T ₅ and T₃ were found most acceptable in maintaining the sensory characteristics compared to others during storage. Minimum microbial load were observed in T₉ and maximum in T₀ and T₁ (uncountable). Among all the treatments T₉ were most effective in maintaining the sensory and nutritional quality during storage.

Key words: Strawberry juice, pasteurization, benzoate, benzoate, citric acid, sucrose.