African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 315-318 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Fluoroscopic procedure employed to detect missed H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula: Case report

Hugh Kofi Micheal

Department of Radiography, Faculty of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

*Authors  E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 9 October,  2015

Abstract

Congenital, isolated tracheo-oesophageal fistula (H-type) is a rare anomaly. It accounts for 4-5% of all congenital trachea-oesophageal malformations. This condition when undetected may present as chronic lung disease of unknown origin because repeated aspirations can lead to recurrent lung infections and bronchiectasis. Early diagnosis is essential in the newborn. However, the diagnosis of congenital H-typetracheo-oesophagealfistula is difficult. Oesophagram is usually a reliable radiographic method to identify the condition, though often requiring multiple attempts before the defect is confirmed. In some cases the disease may not be detected until adulthood. Herein, we present the fluoroscopic technique used to successfully diagnose originally missed H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana.

Key words: tracheo-oesophageal fistula, H-type, fluoroscopic techniques, ‘AP by feeding technique’.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 313-314 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Colorectal cancer: What did we learn from the 2014 ESMO GI congress?

*Najib Mimoun Assaidi, Mustapha Saad Hassan and Amhali Lamjarred

Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.

Accepted 17 October 2015

Abstract

In the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 16th World Congress on Gastrointestinal cancer which took place in Barcelona between 25 and 28 June 2014, colorectal cancer was the subject of various oral presentations and posters. A selection of the more innovative researches, likely to change the patients' management was performed.

Key words: ESMO GI congress, colon cancer, rectum.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 251-255, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the influence of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry on rates of cesarean delivery motivated by non-reasssuring fetal heart rate

*¹Enrique N. Domingo, Miguel B. Pizarro² and Pablo Cruz Bardem²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 10 October, 2015

Abstract

The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry on rates of cesarean delivery motivated by nonreasssuring fetal heart rate. This is an Interventional quasi-experimental single-cohort study of women who fulfilled cardiotocographic criteria for ending labor. The decision whether to allow labor to proceed or to end labor was based on the FSpO₂ value. Of the 156 pregnant women who met the cardiotocographic criteria for ending labor, cesarean delivery was used for only 47 based on a protocol for intrapartum fetal monitoring with pulse oximetry. Mean umbilical artery blood pH was 7.20. Intrapartum pulse oximetry for fetuses with nonreassuring fetal heart rate provided information on actual fetal oxygenation status, and led to a lower rate of false positive findings than with cardiotocographic monitoring and hence a reduction in the number of cesarean deliveries due to nonreassuring fetal heart rate.

Key words: Cesarean delivery, fetus, fetal pulse oximetry, electronic fetal monitoring.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 285-287, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Challenges in preoperative evaluation and post operative period in sickle cell disease patients

*Ayi T. Amah, Offiong James Aboh and Abotsi Abriba

Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author.  E-mail:[email protected]

Accepted 26 October, 2015

Abstract

Sickle cell (ss) diseases, a common haemoglobinopathy are an autosomal recessive disease. Hypertrophy of adenoid and tonsils have been known to persist in ss disease children than in healthy ones. Greater challenges exist during adenotonsillectomy for these patients. It is a retrospective study between January 2010 to January 2013 in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Nigeria. Case notes of (16) sixteen patients with ss disease, who had adenotonsillectomy were retrieved. Gender, Age, Various indications and challenges were recorded and analyzed. Six (6) patients presented within age range three to five years, Table 1, followed by four (4) patients presenting at age range 6 to 8 years, male/female ratio 3:2. Four (4) patients had post operative bleeding, out of which one died. Persistent low PCV were observed in almost all the patients. Challenges were enumerated in Table 4. Greater challenges are encountered in sickle cell children, undergoing adenotonsillectomy, compared to normal children.

Key words: Sickle cell anemia, Adenotonsillectomy.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 319-321 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An experimental study of the best methods of duodenal repair

*Sachin M. khan, Shankar K. Ranvid and Kupta H. Sigh

Department of Urology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

*Corresponding   author.   E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 15 March 2015

Abstract

Duodenal injuries are rare and complete circumferential duodenal injuries are rarest to encounter. The best method of their repair is still an enigma. This article and experimental study aimed to elucidate the best methods of duodenal repair. We encountered few duodenal injuries which began from February 2011 – the first one with duodenal injury involving the first part of duodenum posteriorly. Another duodenal injury was complete circumferential involving first and third parts of duodenum, along with laceration of superior mesenteric artery. Only one case of double duodenal transection has been reported in world literature, and that associated with superior mesenteric artery laceration has not been reported. In one case of double duodenal transection, we attempted a novel technique for managing double complete circumferential duodenal injury by using a 16 fr stenting gastroduodenojejunal catheter. Both injuries were repaired primarily and had good postoperative outcome. Duodenal injuries should not be feared. Meticulous and judicious repair of duodenal injuries brings good results.

Key words: Traumatic duodenal injuries, Iatrogenic duodenal injuries, double duodenal transection, stenting gastroduodenojejunal catheter.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 3 (10), pp. 322-327 November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Dangers of volatile substances abuse (VSA) and HBV as indicators for their incidence in Sudanese homeless persons in Khartoum State

*Zeinab C. Wek, Deng K. Omar and Manute Al-Bashir

Immunology in Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 18 October, 2015

Abstract

The prevalence of HBV among VSA homeless individual in Khartoum state is more than in non VSA individual. The aims of this study are: to identify the possible reasons that homeless individuals get into glue sniffing; to estimate the prevalence of viral hepatitis B disease among volatile substances abusers (VSA); to better understand the relationship between viral hepatitis B infections and the bad habits underlying these outcomes; and to estimate the STDs and sexual behaviors among the study population using reflections to questionnaire. A case control study was designed to address these relationships. The study targeted 30 VSA (Case) and 58 normal individuals (Control) in Khartoum state aged 10-17 years. Using a questionnaire, the data were collected and ELISA test for detection of HBV was carried out. The chi square test and odds ratio were used to obtain the statistical results of this research (the significant level (P value is less than 0.05)). The study found that 13.3% of cases and 8.6% of controls were infected by HBV. The relationships between the glue sniffing and the war, the broken family ties and the peer influence were highly significant (P < 0.01). However, the relationship between infection with HBV and glue sniffing were insignificant. Nevertheless, the relationship between infection with HBV and surgeries were significant in case group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that the main reasons for being homeless and get into glue sniffing are war, family break up and peer influence. We also concluded that the risk factors that lead to infection with STDs are common among the study population, leading to consequent outcomes like infection with HBV.

Key words: Shamasa street children in Sudan, volatile substances abuse (VSA), hepatitis B virus (HBV).