African Journal of Internal Medicine

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Surgical causes of respiratory distress in children as seen in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

Nwogbo A. C.* and Gbobo I.

Department of Otolaryngology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Department of Paediatric Surgery University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Accepted 12 March, 2019

Abstract

Respiratory distress of any cause in children is an emergency. Immediate attention is necessary to prevent mortality. Urgent attention could be medical or surgical depending on the cause. The aim of this study is to look at surgical causes of respiratory distress in children. Mode of presentation, gender difference and treatment is considered. Records of all children who are presented with respiratory distress of surgical aetiology were retrieved. All from paediatric surgical unit and otolaryngology unit of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. It is a prospective study, period of study between January 2008 to January 2012. One case of Bronchial foreign body was retrieved from records of cardiothoracic unit of the hospital. A total of 75 children had respiratory distress arising from surgical aetiology. There were 55 males and 20 females with m/f ratio of 2.8:1, ages from 0 to 5 years. Acquired causes have highest number with obstructive adenoid and Tonsil followed by laryngeal foreign body. High mortality rate was observed in the congenital causes, tracheoesophagial (TOF), recording highest mortality. Surgical causes of respiratory distress remain common among children. Obstructive adenoid and Tonsil followed by laryngeal foreign body remain topmost among various causes.

Key words: Respiratory distress, surgical cause, tracheoesophagial fistula, laryngeal foreign body.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of short term administration of testosterone on serum growth hormone and body mass index in adult male albino rats

Ayinde Taofeek Olarewaju¹, Ojulari Lekan Sheriff¹*, Ali-Olufuyi A-Musawir², Biliaminu Sikiru Abayomi³, Abdulazeez Musbau Ishola³ and Adesina Toluwase Oluwapelumi¹

¹Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

³Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 March, 2019

Abstract

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen groups, secreted primarily in the testicles of males. Studies have shown that testosterone production will also boost growth. The present study was carried out to study the effect of short-term administration of testosterone on serum growth hormone concentration, body mass index (BMI) and body weight in adult male rats. Twenty-one male rats were divided into three (3) groups of seven (7) rats each; a control group, a low-dose and a high-dose testosterone group. Normal saline was administered intramuscularly to the control group, while 2.5 and 6.25 mg/d of testosterone propionate were administered intramuscularly to the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively, for fourteen (14) days. The body weight and the length of the rats were recorded for calculation of the body mass index. Blood samples for serum growth hormone assay were collected via cardiac puncture. Results showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum growth hormone concentration in the high dose testosterone group when compared to the control while changes recorded in the BMI and body weight were not significant. It was concluded that testosterone can exert its anabolic effects by acting synergistically with the anabolic effects of growth hormone.

Key words: Testosterone, growth hormone, high-dose, body mass index.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Challenges of adenotonsillectomy in sickle cell disease patients

O. B. da Lilly Tariah¹, A. C. Nwogbo*¹ and E. Ebong²

¹Otolaryngology Department, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

²Anaesthesia Department, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 March, 2019

Abstract 

Sickle cell (ss) diseases, a common haemoglobinopathy are an autosomal recessive disease. Hypertrophy of adenoid and tonsils have been known to persist in ss disease children than in healthy ones. Greater challenges exist during adenotonsillectomy for these patients. It is a retrospective study between January 2010 to January 2013 in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Nigeria. Case notes of (16) sixteen patients with ss disease, who had adenotonsillectomy were retrieved. Gender, Age, Various indications and challenges were recorded and analyzed. Six (6) patients presented within age range three to five years, Table 1, followed by four (4) patients presenting at age range 6 to 8 years, male/female ratio 3:2. Four (4) patients had post operative bleeding, out of which one died. Persistent low PCV were observed in almost all the patients. Challenges were enumerated in Table 4. Greater challenges are encountered in sickle cell children, undergoing adenotonsillectomy, compared to normal children.

Key words: Sickle cell anemia, Adenotonsillectomy.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Mental foramen location and its implication in dental treatment plan

Mohammed Jasim Al-Juboori¹*, Hussein Ali Al-Wakeel², Foong SuWen² and Chong Mei Yun²

¹Oral Surgery Department, Dental Faculty, MAHSA University, level 4, block E, pusatbandardamansara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

²Dental Faculty, MAHSA University, level 4, block E, pusatbandardamansara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Accepted 13 March, 2019

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the location of the mental foramen between races and its effect on the clinical treatment plan decision. In human the mental foramen is normally present as a single opening on each side of the mandible. Previous studies found the size, shape, number, location, and the direction of the opening of the mental foramen have many variations and these variations are influenced by race and sometimes gender. Mental foramen may not be detected in panoramic radiographs and usually bifurcates at inferior superior or medial lateral plane. After this literature review, we can conclude that the location of the mental foramen is variable between races, in vertical and horizontal direction. 3D imaging is needed if difficulty finds to locate the foramen with 2D radiograph to avoid nerve damaging or impairment during surgical procedures.

Key words: Mental foramen, Dental implant, Races, Nerve injury, Anatomical variation.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-009, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Preparation and investigation of complexes (bisazo)-imidazole with Co(II) and Cu(II)

Hawraa Mehdi Farhan

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 13 February, 2019

Abstract

In this study, transition metal complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) with a newbisazo dye (2-(4- methoxy-2-(4-methoxy phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic data, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HMBC, HQSY and molar conductivity measurements. It has been found that the bisazo ligand behaves as tridentate (N,N',N") donor ligand forming chelates with (1:2) (metal: ligand) stoichiometry.

Key words: Tridentate, HMBC, HQSY, Transition,coloured complexes.

African Journal of Internal Medicine ISSN 2326-7283 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Coagulation profile in term of Nigerian infants with birth asphyxia

S. A. Adegoke¹*, A. A. Oyekunle², T. Oduola³ and O. J. Adebami⁴

¹Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 5528, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

²Department of Haematology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

³Department of Haematology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 February, 2019

Abstract 

Birth asphyxia may predispose to haemostatic failure.The objective of this study was to evaluate coagulation profile of babies with birth asphyxia and correlate these values with their clinical characteristics. Clinico-laboratory characteristics and coagulation profiles of 41 consecutive full term babies who had birth asphyxia were evaluated. Their coagulation profiles were compared to another 41 suitably-matched controls. The mean prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and clotting time were significantly higher among cases than the controls [18.4 ± 3.6 s; 54.4 ± 2.3 s; 12.4 ± 0.9 s and 11.2 ± 1.7 min, respectively compared to 11.5 ± 3.9 s; 50.2 ± 6.1 s; 9.1 ± 1.8 s and 6.9 ± 0.3min (p =0.001)]. The mean platelet count of the cases was however lower, that is, 130.5 ± 37.9 x10³/µl vs. 167.8 ± 22.3 x10³/µl respectively, p = 0.001. Among babies with asphyxia, coagulation parameters were prolonged in those with hypothermia or erythrocytosis (p < 0.001). Dyscoagulation and or haemostatic failure should be considered in all asphyxiated babies especially those with hypothermia and or erythrocytosis. This is important for appropriate anticipatory care such as transfusion of fresh frozen plasma to maintain their coagulation status.

Key words: Birth asphyxia, coagulation tests, newborn, Nigerian.