International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the status and conservation strategies for Rattans in the forests of the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

P. Rama Bhat¹*, H. Soorya Prakash Shenoy² and K. M. Kaveriappa³

¹Department of Biotechnology, Alva’s College, Moodbidri- 574 227, Karnataka, India.

²Department of Botany, SDM College, Ujire -574 240, Karnataka, India.

³Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574 199, Karnataka, India.

Accepted 21 November, 2020

Abstract

The rattans of Peninsular India belong to only one genus namely Calamus and of the 21 species reported here, 20 are from the western Ghats Forests. Of these, the status of Calamus delessertianus and Calamus rheedei is uncertain and of the remaining 18 species 15 are endemic to the Western Ghats. Among the five states falling within the jurisdiction of the Western Ghats, Karnataka has the maximum number of Calamus species (13), of which 11 are endemic to the Western Ghats. Of these, three species namely, Calamus lacciferus, Calamus lakshmanae and Calamus prasinus are restricted only to Karnataka Region of the Western Ghats. Of the 13 species of Calamus occurring in Karnataka, 12 are found in Kodagu District. Studies undertaken to determine the status of rattans in some cane rich forests of Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada Districts of Karnataka by belt transect method have revealed that Sampaje, Karike and Makut in Kodagu District, Subramanya and Charmadi in Dakshina Kannada District and Anantavadi (Honnavar) in Uttara Kannada District are rich in some species of rattans including those endemic to the Western Ghats. The population of C. lakshmanae (restricted only to Karnataka) is high in Sampaje Forest, C. prasinus (restricted only to Karnataka) is high in Karike Forest and Calamus stoloniferus (restricted to Karnataka and Maharashtra) is very high in Makut Forest of Kodagu District. In Dakshina Kannada District, Calamus nagabettai is well distributed in about 25 km radius around Subramanya, while Charmadi area possesses a rich population of Calamus thwaitesii and fairly good representations of C. prasinus, C. pseudotenuis and C. nagabettai. The density of population of Calamus karnatakensis (restricted to Karnataka and Goa) is very high in Anantavadi Forests near Honnavar.

Key words: Western Ghats, Karnataka, Calamus sp., Daemonorops sp., Plectocomia sp., Korthalsia.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Chemical extracts of leaves and buds of clove (Syzigium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston) obtained from trees grown in Bangladesh

Md. Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan¹*, Jaripa Begum1, Nemai Chandra Nandi¹ and Farhana Akter²

¹Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong; P.O.B Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh.
²Home Economics College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Accepted 19 November, 2020

Abstract

Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves and dry buds of Syzigium caryophyllatum were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty eight components were identified in the leaf oil. The main components were eugenol (74.3%), eucalyptol (5.8%), caryophyllene (3.85%) and a-cadinol (2.43%). Thirty one components were identified in bud oil with the main components being eugenol (49.7%), caryophyllene (18.9%), benzene,1-ethyl-3-nitro (11.1%) and benzoic acid,3-(1-methylethyl) (8.9%). The clove oil from Bangladesh was found to be comparable in terms of its eugenol content. It is suggested that clove can be grown as an economically viable crop in Bangladesh.

Key words: Syzygium caryophyllatum, bud and leaf oils, essential oil composition, GC-MS, eugenol.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the characteristics of tree biomass resource in tribal village ecosystem of Bolangir District, Orissa, India

Sarada P. Mohapatra¹* and Hara P. Sahoo²

¹Botany Department, Samanta Chandra Sekhar (S.C.S) College, Puri, India.

²Botany Department, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India.

Accepted 13 November, 2020

Abstract

The status of tree biomass resource was investigated in 3 tribal villages (Chikalbahal, kudasingha and Bhutiyarbahal) of Bolangir District of western Orissa. There were 57 tree species with 12 tree capita^-1 and 35 trees ha^-1. Multiple benefits yielding local tree species dominated the village ecosystem, while fuel only or single end use trees accounted for a small proportion of trees. The standing tree biomass was adequate to meet the requirements of the biomass fuel for cooking only for five years. Village tree biomass is presently being depleted largely for export to urban areas. So, it is high time to conserved the village tree diversity by proposing some programmes which will reduce the urban pressure and demand for tree biomass.

Key words: Village tree diversity, standing biomass, tree depletion, fuel wood, local name, India, biomass equation.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative lipid peroxidation, leaf membrane thermostability, and antioxidant system in four sugarcane genotypes differing in salt tolerance

R. Gomathi* and P. Rakkiyapan

Division of Plant Physiology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, India.

Accepted 19 October, 2020

Abstract

Role of plant antioxidant systems in salt stress tolerance was studied in four contrasting sugarcane genotypes. Salt stress imposed at various stages of crop growth resulted in an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in membrane stability, chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (fv/fm) and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroixdase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase) increased significantly under salt stress. The genotypes C 92038 and Co 85004, which had the highest ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, catalase and SOD activity, had the lowest lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) and highest membrane stability, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents under salt stress, while the susceptible genotypes Si 94050 and Co 85036 exhibited lowest antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane stability, contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid with highest lipid peroxidation. The higher salt tolerance of varieties C 92038 and Co 85004 were related to higher membrane stability, significant higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and maintenance of high fv/fm ratio under salt stress and lower lipid peroxidation of membranes. Hence, the relative tolerance of a genotype to salt stress as reflected by its lower lipid peroxidation, and higher membrane stability and pigment concentration, is related to the levels of activity of its antioxidant enzymes.

Key words: Ascorbate peroxidase, carotenoid, chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase, membrane stability index, chlorophyll fluorescence ratio, sugarcane, salt stress.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Paraquat toxicity and its mode of action in some commonly consumed vegetables in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Akinloye O. A.¹*, Adamson I.¹, Ademuyiwa O.¹ and Arowolo T. A.²

¹Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria.

²Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria.

Accepted 18 June, 2020

Abstract

Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic chemical that is widely used as herbicide in developing countries. This has led to extensive contamination of the environment, foods and food products. Therefore, this study investigated possible occurrence of PQ residues in some commonly consumed vegetables and the mode by which some of them were able to withstand oxidative stress condition associated with PQ toxicity. Levels of PQ residues and constituent antioxidant enzymes activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Paraquat residue concentrations in all vegetables were in the range of 0.04 to 0.27 ppm. A significant (p<0.05) increase in the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were observed in PQ-treated Amaranthus caudatus, Celocia argentea and Chorchorus olitorius as compared to the control groups during the first week of growth. Vegetables treated with 0.50 mM PQ showed initial signs of wilting without necrotic lesions. A progressive increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content of PQ-treated vegetables compared to the control was observed. The chlorophyll content of the treated vegetables decreased with increased PQ concentrations. These results did not only revealed that these vegetables showed differential sensitivity to PQ, but also suggested that elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, especially during early stage of growth, is one of the likely mechanistic basis for the observed tolerance withholding capacity of these vegetables to PQ.

Key words: Paraquat, mode of action, leafy vegetables, antioxidant enzymes.