International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative photosynthesis and transpiration of three varieties of HIBISCUS  CANNABINUS  L. (Kenaf)

Yaghoob Tahery¹*

¹Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.

Accepted 21 July, 2020

Abstract 

Kenaf (HIBISCUS CANNABINUS L.) is one of the important fiber crops next to cotton which is cultivated for its core and bast fibres. For successful commercial cultivation of kenaf, we need to choose the proper variety with most growth rate and biomass content. As growth and biomass production of plant are strictly related to their physiology attribute, to meet this, we measured gas exchange characteristics of three varieties of guantemala 4 (G4), V36 and kohn kaen 6(KK60) within characteristics, we measured within four regular intervals of 30 days. The varieties showed different gas exchange pattern in each stage of their growth. However, results of study showed that, there was no significant difference between these three varieties in terms of their net photosynthesis (Anet) and transpiration rate.

Key words: Kenaf, gas exchange, net photosynthesis, transpiration.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-008, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Transport of selenium and its modeling through one dimensional saturated soil columns

Wei Cong¹, Xingchang Zhang^1,2* and Ye Feng³

¹College of Resource and Environment, Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

³College of Forestry, Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

Accepted 05 July, 2020

Abstract

The selenium, an essential nutrient and potentially toxic element to human and animal health, is widely used in agriculture and medicine. Soil is the transitional zone through which selenium entered into groundwater. Therefore, the transport of selenium through porous soil is of great environment concern, which is not well understood. The transport of selenite in loessial soil columns was studied using a miscible displacement technique under various flow rates and influent concentrations in this paper. A mathematical model based on one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation was formulated to describe the selenium transport. The breakthrough curves with and without tracers were fitted by using the computer program “studio of analytical models”. The results showed that the method without tracer was more accurate than the method with the tracer. Studio of analytical models is a very flexible tool for approximate analysis of one dimensional solute transport problems in soil. The method of parameter estimation using convection-dispersion equation accurately defined the dispersion coefficient and retardation factor from the breakthrough curves and modeled selenite transport through soil. These results suggest that deterministic equilibrium convection-dispersion equation can accurately simulate the breakthrough curves of Se transport in saturated soil and the selection of tracer ions should be cautious when studying the transport of different chemicals.

Key words: Loessial soil selenite transport, flow rate, influent concentration, convection-dispersion equation, studio of analytical models.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-012, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relationship between the senescence induced by water deficits and C remobilization during grain filling in two wheat cultivars

Saeed Saeedipour

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +98-61226-37920 or +98-916-317-1978.

Accepted 25 April, 2020

Abstract

Remobilization and transfer of the stored food in vegetative tissues to the grains in monocarpic plants require the initiation of whole plant senescence. However, mechanisms by which plant senescence promotes remobilization of assimilates are rather obscure. This study examined the relationship between the senescence induced by water deficits and C remobilization during grain filling. Two wheat cultivars (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.), Marvdasht and Zagros (sensitive and tolerant to terminal season drought, respectively) grown at a day:night temperature of 22:15°C from anthesis were held as well watered controls (field capacity), or subject to water deficit (50% FC) imposed either from anthesis to 14 days later (WS1) or from 14 days after anthesis to maturity (WS2). Relative water content, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins of flag leaves, level of hexose sugars, sucrose and fructans in the peduncle (enclosed by the flag leaf sheath) and the penultimate internode and grain yield assessed. Results showed that water deficits enhanced the senescence by accelerating loss of leaf chlorophyll and soluble proteins and the loss was more under WS2 than WS1. The net CO₂ assimilation rate (P_N) in flag leaves during water deficit display a strict correlation with the drought sensitivity of the genotypes and showed an early reduction in Marvdasht. Water stress, both at WS1 and WS2, facilitated the reduction in concentration of total soluble sugars and fructans in the internodes but increased the sucrose level there, promoted the re-allocation of pre-stored C from the peduncle and penultimate to grains. There was an increase in internodes fructose and a fall in fructan level that preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stress. WS2 resulted in more deleterious effect on grain yield than WS1 in both cultivars and led to a smaller kernels and lesser aerial biomass at maturity. The loss was more in Marvdasht than Zagros. Our results suggest that the senescence and remobilization promoted by water deficits during grain filling are coupled processes in wheat and mass of soluble sugars in the stems is premier than sugar remobilization efficiency. Varietal differences in the extent of such trait existed. It would be advantageous to select genotypes with greater capacity to do this under water deficit conditions.

Key words: Triticum aestivum L. chlorophyll, flag leaves, grain filling, grain yield, hexose sugar, internodes, photosynthesis, soluble proteins.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Determination of protein quality and true metabolizable energy of high oil poultry by-product meal

Kalvandi Omid¹, Janmohammadi Hossein²* and Sadeghi Ghorbanali¹

¹Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran.

²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran.

Accepted 22 October, 2019

Abstract

The three high oil poultry by-product meal (PBPM) samples were obtained from three poultry slaughter-houses in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. For evaluating of protein quality, 126 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design as factorial arrangement was used and fed experimental diets from 8 to 17 days of age. The experimental diets consisted of a nitrogen-free basal diet based on corn starch and glucose and six semipurified diets. Semipurified diets were obtained by replacing each of the three PBPM samples with portion of cornstarch and glucose in the nitrogen-free basal diet to provide 6 and 10% crude protein (CP). Sixteen cecectomized roosters (4 roosters per PBPM sample and 4 roosters for determining endogenous energy loss) were used for determination of true metabolizable energy (TME_n) content of PBPM samples. TME_n content of PBPM samples was different significantly (p<0.05) and was 3696 kcal/Kg as average. PER and NPR values varied from 1.29 to 1.727 and 2.463 to 3.001 and showed significant differences among PBPM samples (p<0.05). The results showed that with increasing CP level, protein efficiency ratio (PER) values was increased (p<0.05). Net protein ratio (NPR) value was not affected by CP level. As the assay length increased from 6 to 10 days, PER and NPR values decreased (p<0.05). Protein quality ranking, with PER, among three PBPM samples is the same in two period assays.

Key words: High oil poultry by-product meal, protein quality, metabolizable energy_, cecectomized rooster.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (8), pp. 001-011, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation of resistance to Nilaparvata lugens Stål with secondary metabolites of rice plants

Lang Yang^1,2, Guang-Wen Liang¹*, Feng-Kuan Huang², Ling Zeng¹ and Bing Lin¹

¹Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China.

²Plant Protection Research Institution, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning 530007, China.

Accepted 19 July, 2020

Abstract

It is very difficult and complex to distinguish and estimate rice varieties’ resistance. Thus, it is necessary to built up a simple, nicety, steady and speedy method of resistant appraisement. Secondary metabolite is the important basic substance of rice resistance. The correlation of rice plant resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, with 20 distinct secondary metabolite high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks were investigated. Two resistance prediction models were established through multiple regression analysis. Model A was established for the resistance of brown planthopper (BPH) field population II, and model B was established for the resistance of field population Bangladesh. The correlations between the BPH resistance levels (Y) of rice varieties and the peak areas (X) were significant (R’ = 0.961 and 0.942 for model A and model B respectively, p<0.01). The results showed that in model A, peak 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 18 were the secondary metabolites that affected the resistance to BPH. In model B, peak 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 were the metabolite peaks that affected resistance. It was demonstrated that the resistant activity of rice varieties to BPH was closely associated with quantitative combinations of many secondary metabolites, which suggested that the BPH resistance of rice plants was the results of actions of several secondary metabolites that varied in contributions. The validation results showed that field bioassay scores agreed with the simulated scores well, indicating that these models were useful and accurate. And these models can be used as fast assistant-method to evaluate the resistance of rice plant to BPH and assist the selection of resistant rice plants for breeding.

Key words: Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, field population, high performance liquid chromatography, model.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 10 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Farmers’ brand perception toward agricultural machinery in China

Feng Jianying, Lu Peng, Mu Weisong, Zhang Xiaoshuan and Fu Zetian*

China Agricultural University, No.17, Qinghua Donglu, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.

Accepted 19 March, 2020

Abstract

With the development of agricultural machinery industry in the modern market economy, brand variety of agricultural machinery will face an increasing strong competition in China, so a consumer-based brand research on agricultural machinery will be necessary. A questionnaire survey was conducted in this paper focusing on Chinese farmers’ perception toward brands of agricultural machinery. The empirical study with tractor brands indicated that farmers showed different awareness to domestic and foreign agricultural machinery brands. National tractor brands got more attention from consumers and Dong fang hong (YTO) brand gained the most familiarity. Foreign brands, New Holland and John Deere had higher perceptive price, but Chinese brands, Dong fang hong (YTO) and Foton acquired higher perceptive value, and domestic brands, Dong fang hong (YTO) and Shi feng got more preference and purchase intention from consumers.

Key words: Brand perception, perceptive price, brand value, agricultural machinery.