International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (12), pp.  337-346, December, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

 Full Length Research Paper

Virulence and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum sublineolum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from leaf, stem panicle tissues on advanced sorghum genotypes and genetic basis of observed responses

Javan Omondi Were* and Julius Onyango Ochuodho

Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chepkoilel University College (A Constituent college of Moi University), P. O. Box, 1125 - 30100, Eldoret, Kenya.

Received 06 November, 2012; Accepted 13 December, 2012

Abstract

Colletotrichum species are among the destructive fungal pathogens of sorghum in Lake in Kenya. It is not clear whether all pathogenic species and sub-species infecting the three plant parts differ in their virulence and pathogenicity. Previous studies indicated that phosphorous efficient and Striga resistant genotypes were resistant to anthracnose while those resistant and/or susceptible to drought, aluminium toxicity and midge insect pest had mixed reactions. Sixteen genetically stable genotypes and four checks were randomized as sub-plots in plastic tubes in a split-plot arrangement under completely randomized design replicated twice in screenhouse. Morphologically identified leaf, stem and panicle isolates were randomized as whole plots. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primer was used in genetic diversity assessment between Striga and phosphorous groups. Virulence and pathogenicity data were analyzed on Genstat version 12.2 while genetic diversity was assessed on NTSYS-pc version 2.1. Striga resistant and P-use-efficient genotypes were resistant to all isolates while the aluminium, drought and midge groups had mixed responses. Striga and P-use-efficient genotypes were genetically similar but differed from Striga susceptible and P-use-inefficient genotypes. Leaf isolates were less virulent than stem and panicle. Therefore, the level of virulence and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species is influenced by hosts and pathogens genetic make-up.

Key words: Colletotrichum isolates, sorghum, virulence, pathogenicity, ISSR, genetic diversity.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (9), pp. 315-321, December, 2012.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Influence of city finished compost and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in an acid soil

Ashoka Sarker, Abul Kashem* and Khan Towhid Osman

Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.

Received 12 July, 2012; Accepted 7 November, 2012

Abstract

A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of city finished compost (CFC) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on the yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with five rates of CFC equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 ton ha^-1 and three rates of NPK fertilizer equivalent to 50, 100 and 150% (N-P-K = 137-32-70 kg ha^-1). Five plants were grown in each pot. Only, four plants were harvested after 45 days of growth and the remaining plant was harvested at 90 days of growth. The harvested plants were separated into leaves and bulbs and dried. The dry matter yield of leaves and bulbs, N and K concentrations, their uptake by radish increased with the rates of CFC and NPK fertilizer amendments. Among the treatments, growth performance of radish was better with the highest rate of 40 t ha^-1 CFC treatments. Uptake of N and K by plant showed very strong and positive correlation (P<0.001) with total dry matter yield. Agronomic and physiological use efficiency of N and K of radish decreased with increasing the rates of CFC and NPK fertilizer treatments. The performance of agronomic efficiency of added nutrients by radish was better with the application of CFC at 5 and 10 ton ha^-1 and of NPK fertilizer at 50 and 100% rates. Results of the present study indicated that 10 ton ha^-1 CFC could be used instead of 100% NPK fertilizer to obtain similar yield and nutrient use efficiency.

Key words: Compost, soil, yield, nutrient use efficiency, nitrogen, potassium, crop.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 322-329, December, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of oil palm production and processing among rural women in Enugu North agricultural zone of Enugu State, Nigeria

Ajani E. N.^1*, Onwubuya E. A.¹ and Nwalieji H. U.² 

¹Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

²Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria.

Received 09 July, 2012; Accepted 03 December, 2012

Abstract

The study assessed oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) production and processing among rural women in Enugu North Agricultural zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. Data for the study was collected from a sample of one hundred (100) respondents through the use of interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean score and standard deviation were used for presenting the data. The duration of the study was April 2010 and February 2011. The respondents involved in oil palm production and processing obtained oil palm fruits mostly from women cooperative society. They obtained palm oil, palm kernel, palm kernel oil, palm wine, brooms, baskets, livestock forage and fuel wood from oil palm production. The major source of labour used for oil palm processing was household members. Benefits derived from oil palm processing include: additional income (98.4%), purchase of household basic needs (90.1%), payment of children school fees (82.6%), among others.  Constraints to oil palm production and processing include: lack of fund for buying of processing machine (M= 2.7), high cost of labour (M= 2.7), poor extension services (M= 2.7), use of poor variety of oil palm seedlings (M= 2.5), lack of storage facilities (M= 2.5), lack of improved varieties/cultivars (M= 2.5), poor access to good road network for easy transportation of produce (M= 2.5), among others. The study recommends that appropriate labour saving technologies should be developed for rural women involved in processing of oil palm in order to reduce the difficulties they encounter in the activity. This will in turn increase productivity.

Key words: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), production, processing, rural women, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 311- 314, November, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation, path analysis and genetic variability in F₂ and F₃ generations of cross Padma × JLSV 4 in sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.)

Sivaprasad Y. V. N.¹  and Venkateswarlu Yadavalli^2*

¹Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra, 411005, India.

²Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College (Men), Anantapur, Andra Pradesh, 515 001, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 11 January, 2012; Accepted 14 November, 2012

Abstract

Economic yield attributing characters were studied in sesame for crop improvement for selecting high yielding genotypes. Path analyses were carried out to estimate the direct and indirect effects of the progenies of the cross Padma × JSLV 4 in sesamum yield components. High values for genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were recorded for number of branches per plant followed by seed oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g).  Number of capsules per plant in F₂ and plant height at harvest in F₃ recorded the highest magnitude of genetic advance. The number of capsules per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant indicating that one can rely upon this trait for selection of high yielding genotypes in segregating generations of sesamum.

Key words: Correlation, heritability, sesamum, variability.

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 301-310, November, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Potential of land suitability in Seputih Surabaya and Bandar Surabaya Districts Central Lampung regency for developing soybean

Sudaryono¹ Balitkabi and Andy Wijanarko²

^1,2Soil Scientist at Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Root Crops Research Institute Jl. Raya Kendalpayak Km 6  PO Box 66, Malang 65101, East Java,  Indonesia.

*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Received 03 July, 2012; Accepted 09 November, 2012

Abstract

Seputih Surabaya district covers 13 villages having 8,566 ha agricultural land consisted of 928 ha rainfed lowland and 7,638 ha dry land.  Bandar Surabaya district covers 9 villages having 6,727 ha agricultural land consisted of 1,363 ha rainfed lowland and 5,364 ha dry land. The objective of this research is to identify potential of land suitability for soy bean. The research was done in May – September 2006, using purposive soil sampling. There were five point of  boring site in every village and to be composed. Soil chemical analysis was done in laboratory. Soil fertility was vary between village. This area can be classified into two groups, these are suitable (S-2) and moderate suitable for soy bean (S-3).  The level of land suitability for soy bean can be upgraded by : deeping soil tillage, apply soil ameliorant (dolomite, zeolite), applying organic and inorganic fertilizers.   Seputih Surabaya and Bandar Surabaya have suitable agricultural land to develope soy bean.  Developing soy bean in rainfed lowland with cropping pattern rice – soybean – other secondary crops or rainfed upland with cropping pattern Maize – Soybean + others, or multiple cropping system between Cassava + Maize and Soybean with planting cassava arranged into double rows. 

Key words: Land suitability, soybean, Seputih Surabaya, Bandar Surabaya, Lampung 

International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (11), pp. 296 -300, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Variation in resistance to coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix, Berk. and Broome) among germplasm progenitors at the Tanzanian Coffee Research Institute (TACRI)

S. O. W. M. Reuben¹ and D. J. I. Mtenga²*

¹Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Production, P. O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania.

²Tanzania Coffee Research Institute, P. O. Box 3004, Moshi, Tanzania.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 23 February, 2012; Accepted 10 November, 2012

Abstract

Trials were carried out at the Tanzania Coffee Research Institute (TaCRI) from September 2006 to April 2007 and at the Coffee Research Center (CIFC), in Portugal, from March 2007 to June 2007, in order to evaluate the variation in resistance to Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix, within and among four Coffea arabica varieties. The varieties tested were ‘Bourbon’, ‘Compacts’ (‘Catimor’), ‘Rume Sudan’ and ‘Hibrido de Timor’ obtained from TaCRI germplasm.  Local CLR isolates were used in the trials at TaCRI, while at CIFC, four CLR isolates 1126, 1427, 2191 and 5A, were used.  There was no significant (P≤0.05) variation among accessions of Hibrido de Timor and Compacts, whereas significant variation was observed among accessions of Rume Sudan and Bourbon against CLR isolates at CIFC. Significant variation was observed in Rume sudan and Compacts varieties against the local isolate. There was significant (P≤0.05) variation in resistance to CLR among the varieties against all isolates. Accessions PNI086, PNI088 and CR127, of Compacts variety, and VCE 1594 and VCE 1587, of Hibrido de Timor, showed exceptionally high resistance. It is possible to select within the accessions of a coffee variety and among the varieties tested to obtain better genotypes.

Key words: Coffee leaf rust, breeding, resistance sources, genetic resources.